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영어 동사의 상(aspect) 분류: 전환(phase shift)의 도입
서성기 한국생성문법학회 2015 생성문법연구 Vol.25 No.1
This paper concerns the aspectual classification of English verbs. In the traditional aspectual classification, three features were usually used: [static], [durative], and [telic]. Although these features do not seem to pose any problem with the four-way distinction in Vendler (1967) and Dowty (1979), they cannot account properly for the characteristics of semelfactives and inchoatives. In particular, using [telic] feature for classifying those verbs often leads to conflicts. We propose using [phase shift] instead of [telic] for the classification. Provided that semelfactives are [-phase shift] and inchoatives are [+phase shift], we can account for the aspectual properties of those verbs without any conceptual or empirical difficulties.
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Structural asymmetry in the Korean imperfective constructions: -ko iss vs. -e iss
서성기 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2015 언어연구 Vol.32 No.2
In the analyses of the Korean imperfective constructions, the two types of imperfective marking, -ko iss and -e iss, have been differentiated in terms of whether a progressive or a resultative reading is obtained, or in terms of dynamicity or telicity of the verb linked to them. With such analyses confronting empirical difficulties, a syntactic factor of unaccusativity has been proposed as the key for the differentiation. According to the proposal, whether the verb takes a VP internal subject or a VP external subject is responsible for the selection between the two types of imperfective marking. Many Korean verbs, however, are able to select both types, contrary to the prediction by the proposal. In order to explain their selection patterns properly, it is necessary to depart from the tacit assumption that the morpho-syntactic structure of -ko iss and -e iss is identical. Maintaining the idea of unaccusativity, we propose that the combination of -e with the main verb makes up one syntactic unit with iss and is subject to the grammatical condition that the verb combining with -e iss must be unaccusative or passive. By contrast, the combination of the main verb and -ko is a separate morpho-syntactic unit from the auxiliary iss and it is not subject to any particular grammatical constraints. Seemingly problematic examples to our proposal can be accounted for by the condition that there should not be any conflict between the imperfective readings of -ko iss/-e iss and the aspectual meaning of the combined verb.
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The Syntax of ‘-eyse’ and ‘-kkeyse’ as a Subject Marker
서성기 한국생성문법학회 2022 생성문법연구 Vol.32 No.2
The honorific subject marker ‘–kkeyse’ and the group subject marker ‘–eyse’ in Korean have often been considered to be the realization of structural case. In this paper, however, it is argued that based on the possibility of cooccurrence with topic markers, focus markers and delimiters, ‘–kkeyse’ and ‘–eyse’ cannot be structural case markers. Considering its semantic properties and distributions as well as its historical development, we claim that ‘–eyse’ when used as a subject marker is partitive. For the honorific subject marker ‘–kkeyse’, there are enough arguments that [Honorific] cannot be an agreement feature and hence ‘–kkeyse’ is not realization of structural case. These taken together strongly suggest that subject markers are not necessarily structural case markers and that subject markers which are not nominative carry some specific meaning.
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Degree Achievement Verbs and Their Aspectual Classes
서성기 한국중원언어학회 2024 언어학연구 Vol.- No.71
The aspectual categorization for degree achievement verbs (DAVs) has caused problems within a traditional theory of aspect assuming the four Vendler classes simply because DAVs show characteristics of more than one type of verb aspect. Instead of four aspectual classes, this paper proposes three aspect types at the lexical level, as in Kenny (1963) or Verkuyl (1972, 1989). It will be shown that when a model of verb aspect based on simpler featural distinctions is adopted, DAVs can be categorized as a single group. In particular, if only two features, [dynamic] and [transitional], are assumed to be working to determine lexical aspect, then all DAVs are naturally categorized as Activities. In other words, DAVs are all [-transitional] at the lexical level. Meanwhile, at the phrasal level, some DAVs undergo aspect shift when they are combined with proper arguments or adjuncts. As a result, they can function as Performances. Also at this level, [durative] comes into play, and Performances are further divided into Accomplishments and Achievements, according to the value of [durative].
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Inherent Verb Aspect and the Secondary Feature [durative]
서성기 한국중원언어학회 2023 언어학연구 Vol.- No.67
Contrary to the Vendler classification of verb aspect, this paper proposes postulating three aspect types at the lexical level: States, Activities, and Performances. Our proposal is based on the fact that the feature [durative] is not inherent in the verb and Accomplishments are not a homogeneous category. In our system, there are two primary features, [dynamic] and [transitional], and one secondary feature [durative], which specifies Performances further into two categories. It is at the phrasal level that Performances become Accomplishments when the value of [durative] is set positive. Another way of deriving Accomplishments is aspect shift: The value of primary feature [transitional] can change from minus to plus when an activity verb combines with the right kind of argument or adverbial. It is proposed that the term ‘aspect shift’ or ‘type coercion’ be used with restriction: Accomplishments derived from Performances do not exemplify aspect shift since there is not any feature value shift but only specification of the secondary feature in the derivation.
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Aspectual Taxonomy without Feature Specification
서성기 한국생성문법학회 2019 생성문법연구 Vol.29 No.2
Theories of verb aspect have often assumed feature-based aspectual classifications (e.g., Smith (1997)). In this paper, it is argued that aspectual taxonomies based on feature specification are not adequate in that the features such as [durative] and [telic] are problematic in their application. As an alternative, we propose to adopt the system in Carlson (1981), where three grammatical criteria are used for categorizing inherent verb aspect types. In the proposed system, achievement verbs in Smith (1997) are divided into two different classes, and semelfactives are not treated as an independent category any more. As for conventional stative verbs, the distinction between statives proper and dynamic states is made. The necessity of such a taxonomy of aspect is supported by both Korean and English data.
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