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980 MPa급 이상조직강의 신장 플랜지성에 미치는 템퍼링의 영향
이건희,백종희,송은지,나선형,박봉준,김주영,권용재,신상용,이정구,Lee, Gun-Hee,Baek, Jong-Hee,Song, Eunji,Na, Seon-Hyeong,Park, Bongjune,Kim, Ju-Young,Kwon, Yongjai,Shin, Sang Yong,Lee, Jung Gu 한국재료학회 2020 한국재료학회지 Vol.30 No.6
In this study, the effect of tempering on the stretch-flangeability is investigated in 980 MPa grade dual-phase steel consisting of ferrite and martensite phases. During tempering at 300 ℃, the strength of ferrite increases due to the pinning of dislocations by carbon atoms released from martensite, while martensite is softened as a consequence of a reduction in its carbon super-saturation. This strength variation results in a considerable increase in yield strength of the steel, without loss of tensile strength. The hole expansion test shows that steel tempered for 20 min (T20 steel) exhibits a higher hole expansion ratio than that of steel without tempering (T0 steel). In T0 steel, severe plastic localization in ferrite causes easy pore formation at the ferrite-martensite interface and subsequent brittle crack propagation through the highly deformed ferrite area during hole expansion testing; this propagation is mainly attributed to the large difference in hardness between ferrite and martensite. When the difference in hardness is not so large (T20 steel), on the other hand, tempered martensite can be considerably deformed together with ferrite, thereby delaying pore formation and hindering crack propagation by crack blunting. Eventually, these different deformation and fracture behaviors contribute to the superior stretch-flangeability of T20 steel.
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권형수,백종희 한국체육사학회 2002 체육사학회지 Vol.10 No.-
All kinds of sports air changing in a very diverse and rapid way. They are making practical use of many scientific methods to promote a little more accurate motion, technique and motor functions and conducting the research on the removal of muscular fatigue substances in preparation for practice or games. Sports massage net only stands in the spotlight as the medical auxiliary means for preventing athletes from injury and improving competitiveness hut develops into the concepts of warming-up and cooling-down. Furthermore, it cornea to great fruition as the means for children's growth promotion, youth's physical correction, dancers' somatotype management and athletes' physical management. Massage is the most basic curative behavior that human beings can practice, and it is possible to easily find from the ancient literature the fact that people adopted it as the method to resolve themselves if any abnormality occurs in the body of family members including themselves from the ancient times. This primitive massage method has currently developed into the scientific and systematic sports massage with the development of civilization. The ancient Chinese massage was described in "Kung-Fu" in B.C 2500 and developed into a little more systematic massage method in the age of Spring and Autumn and Civil Wars(B.C. 475-211). The early ancient Indian massage greatly present itself in "Veda" written in B.C.1800, and a diversity of massage methods are recorded in the ancient Egyptian culture remains. The massage method similar that of the present times is recorded in the Assyrian alabaster. The ancient Greek received massage from the persons called Paidotribes. As mentioned above, the ancient massage was used as the religious purpose and as the aim of the folk therapy, and some massage techniques have thus far been handed down from generation to generation as one tradition. In the Medieval times, the development of massage was suspended because all education on the body was neglected with an emphasis on the ascetic religious life. The research related to anatomy was presented from the 14th century to the 16th century and interests in the body and massage were generated. In the 16th century, the writing and illustrations on massage were introduced by the Italian scholar Mercuriaris and it was developed by Hoffman, Herik and Bernar in the 18th century. Massage techniques were investigated by the Flinch doctor Chisso around 1780, and in the 19th century sports specialists as well as medical doctors came to have an interest in massage. Massage was investigated by Swedish Par Henrik Ling(1776 - 1839), and the Russian scholar I.Z. Jabredovsk presented the dissertation for the doctoral degree with the title of massage in 1882 and ten 100 books and articles. The sports game was activated in the early 20th century and sports massage was rapidly developed with the aim of improving the competitiveness of athletes participating in the game, preventing their injury, adjusting the bodily condition and recovering from fatigue. Sports massage was introduced into athletes in the Paris Olympics in 1990 and studies on sports massage were conducted in many countries. Korean people succeeded in hosting the '86 Seoul Asian Game', the '88 Seoul Olympics' and the'2002 Korea-Japan Worldcup Game". And Korea both nominally and virtually came to join the rank of advanced sports countries by succeeding in hosting the sports festival of the "2002 Busan Asian Game". Athletes from countries participating in the game are devoting themselves to maintaining and promoting their physical fitness, adjusting their bodily condition preventing from injury, recovering fatigue and the like. And they are using sports massage as the auxiliary means for improving competitiveness. In the future, it is necessary to make a useful contribution to the development of sports by researching and developing of a little more scientific and systematic sports massage method.
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