오적산(五積散)을 투여한 흰쥐의 간장, 신장, 골중 금속농도 비교에 관한 연구

박철수,이선동,박해모,박영철,Park Chul-Soo,Lee Sun-Dong,Park Hae-Mo,Park Yeong-Chul 대한예방한의학회 2002 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Traditional herbal medicine is used extensively among the Korean populations, and other Asian countries employ similar therapies as well In recent years, extensive focus was laid on adulteration of the herbal medicine with heavy metals. This may be mainly due to a soil contamination by an environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify the contents of various heavy metals in the blood from OhJeokSan-Decoction (OD) treated-rats. For this study, 13 kinds of metals including essential and heavy metals, i.e. Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed by a slight modification of EPA methods and the following results are obtained. ; 1. There is no significant difference between the OD-treated groups and control group in liver, kidney, bone, brain, weight, food intake. 2. The amount of each metal analyzed in the liver are as follows; Al ; $0.235{\sim}4.215mg/kg$, As ; $0.103{\sim}0.461mg/kg$, Cd ; $0.005{\sim}0.010mg/kg$, Co ; $0.017{\sim}0.046mg/kg$, Cr ; $0.137{\sim}0.403mg/kg$, Cu ; $1.736{\sim}4.827mg/kg$, Fe ; $54.472{\sim}381.447mg/kg$, Hg ; not detected, Mn ; $1.159{\sim}2.803mg/kg$, Ni ; $0.007{\sim}0.095mg/kg$, Pb ; not detected, Se ; $0.682{\sim}1.887mg/kg$, Zn ; $10.213{\sim}26.119mg/kg$, by groups, respectively. In control and other experimental group, several metal (Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cr) has a significant difference, but in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups, there are no significant difference. 3. The amount of each metal analyzed in the kidney are as follows; Al ; $1.712{\sim}31.230mg/kg$, As ; $0.062{\sim}0.439mg/kg$, Cd ; $0.010{\sim}0.062mg/kg$, Co ; $0.000{\sim}0.101mg/kg$, Cr ; $0.125{\sim}0.636mg/kg$, Cu ; $3.385{\sim}12.502mg/kg$, Fe ; $41.148{\sim}99.709mg/kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.270mg/kg$, Mn ; $0.433{\sim}2.301mg/kg$, Ni ; $0.000{\sim}0.221mg/kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}0.584mg/kg$, Se ; $0.540{\sim}1.600mg/kg$, Zn ; $8.775{\sim}17.060mg/kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Cu, Se, Cr, and Hg are variated significantly in control and other experimental group, and Cu, Se, Cd, Cr are variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 4. The amount of each metal analyzed in the bone(tibia and fibula) are as follows; Al ; $9.557{\sim}119.464mg/kg$, As ; $0.139{\sim}12.250mg/kg$, Cd ; $0.000{\sim}0.295mg/kg$, Co ; $0.022{\sim}0.243mg/kg$, Cr ; $0.239{\sim}1.999mg/kg$, Cu ; $0.000{\sim}2.291mg/kg$, Fe ; $240.249{\sim}841.956mg/kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.983mg/kg$, Mn ; $0.214{\sim}7.353mg/kg$, Ni ; $5.473{\sim}11.453mg/kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}8.502mg/kg$, Se ; $0.000{\sim}3.005mg/kg$, Zn ; $61.158{\sim}195.038mg/kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Se, Cd are variated significantly in control and other experimental groups, and Se is variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 5. Exceptionally several metal concentration is increased or decreased. but there is no significant harmful difference of metal concentration in the liver, kidney and bone, from the OD-treated-rats compared to those of the control group even if higher dosage($1{\sim}8$ times dosage of person) of OD was administered. Thus, it is expected that the herbal decoction in the traditional herbal medicine would not lay any burden on the body and the heavy metal toxins would not affect our physiological system. However, other kinds of herbal treatment, such as i.v. and i.p. should be considered in terms of

박완서의 문학작품을 통해 본 서울 주거공간의 이분법적 시각

박철수,Park Cheol-Soo 한국주거학회 2006 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

The exploration of the spatial structure of a particular urban area, or the analysis of the tendencies of spatial consumption among urbanites, can be a literary-geographical attitude, shifting literary interests toward geography. It may also constitute a field of cultural geography that reads texts as cultural symbols. Based on this kind of attitude, the paper reads the literature of Park Wan So, particularly the popular novels that involve urban and residential spaces of Seoul, as a cultural text that carries a kind of symbolism. It proceeds with the idea that most popular novels reflect the mass phenomena of its times, and that representing real cultural experiences through text, it becomes a means of generalizing the identity shared by the anonymous masses and the characteristics of particular places. Hence the individuality of Park Wan So, who moved to Seoul during the Japanese colonial period and hence forth lived as a middle-class citizen, is inseparable from her literary work. With this attitude and methodology, the paper argues that in the urban space of metropolitan Seoul, the modern ambivalent gaze of the colonial period shifted toward increasingly new value systems, and was replaced by a dichotomous view, and furthermore, that the contents of this dichotomous view has experienced a multivalent transformation through the accumulation of time and the expansion of space.

Effect of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers on Rice Yield in Direct Seeding on Dry Paddy

박철수,정영상,이호진,주진호,서준한,Park, Chol-Soo,Jung, Yeong-Sang,Lee, Ho-Jin,Joo, Jin-Ho,Seo, Jun-Han 한국토양비료학회 2000 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam paddy field in the Experimental Farm of the Kangwon National University for four years from 1995 to 1998 to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizers on soil property and rice yield. The size of each experimental plot was 75 m2. Basal application of fertilizer to the paddy field was on late April, and rice (cv. Odae) was sown with drill seeding on early May. Irrigation was done at 3 leaf stages after rice seeding. Electrical conductivity in soils treated with phosphate- and resin coated slow release fertilizers were relatively greater than those of the other fertilizer application. Available $P_2O_5$ concentration in soils after rice harvest increased significantly compared that in soil before field trial. Rice yield in transplanting culture were $6.516kg\;ha^{-1}$. The rice yield in the direct seeded paddy was 81.9 percents of the yield in the transplanted paddy. The rice yield in phosphate coated slow release fertilizer was the highest among various fertilizer trials in directly seeded dry paddy, while rice yield was the lowest in the organic fertilizer plus urea application. Rice yield between organic fertilizer plus urea and organic fertilizer application were not significantly different. The green manuring effect of rye in the direct seeded rice paddy in Chuncheon was low due to low temperature and short growth period. 건답 직파 재배 포장에서 인산 입힌 완효성 비료와 유기질 비료의 시용 효과를 강원도 춘천시 천전리에 소재하는 강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속 농장에서 포장시험을 통하여 검토하였다. 직파된 공시품종은 오대벼였다. 질소의 수준은 95년과 96년에는 $150kg\;ha^{-1}$를 표준으로 하였고, 97년 시험에서는 녹비 작물의 질소질 비료의 성분을 고려하여 기비와 추비를 합한 질소 수준을 $120kg\;ha^{-1}$로 하였다. 요소의 분시 방법으로 분시비율 40-0-30-30과 0-40-30-30 처리를 하고, 인산 입힌 완효성 비료와 polymer resin을 입힌 완효성 비료로만 처리하였다. 요소 시용구에서 인산과 칼리는 각각 70kg과 $80kg\;ha^{-1}$수준으로 기비 처리하였다. 유기질비료로 춘천시 신북 농협에서 공급되는 계분 발효 퇴비를 $4,800kg\;ha^{-1}$기비시용에 $50kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 추비구와 $6,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ 기비만의 시용구를 두었다. 구당 면적은 $75m^2$이었다. 포장시험 결과 건답 직파 재배구의 수량은 요소 시용구에서 이앙 재배구의 80.7% 수준이었으며, 분시 방법간에 차이가 없었다. 유기질비료를 다량 시비한 $6,000kg\;ha^{-1}$구에서는 이앙 재배구 수량의 78.1%이었고, $4,800kg\;ha^{-1}$ 기비시용에 $50kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 추비구의 수량은 76.8%이었다. Polymer 입힌 완효성 비료구의 수량은 이앙 재배구의 81.0%이었다. 인산 입힌 완효성 비료 시용구의 수량은 이앙 재배구의 96.8%로 높았다. 인산 입힌 완효성 비료의 시용 효과가 다른 비료에 비해 효과가 있는 이유는 고형의 단단하고 큰 덩어리로 이루어져 있기 때문에 비료 성분이 서서히 용출되어 나와 효과적으로 작물에 공급된 한편 비료 성분의 손실을 줄일 수 있었기 때문으로 판단된다. 온도가 낮은 춘천 지역에서 직파 재배에 따른 호맥 생육 기간이 짧아 질소 공급효과는 적었다.

아파트 중심의 일상공간과 삶의 궤적

박철수,Park, Cheol-Su 한국주거학회 2009 住居 Vol.8 No.-

선박 수중방사소음의 셉스트럼 분석을 이용한 음향역산법 연구

박철수,김건도,임근태,문일성,Park, Cheolsoo,Kim, Gun Do,Yim, Geuntae,Moon, Il-Sung 한국음향학회 2019 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.38 No.1

본 논문에서는 선박 수중방사소음의 셉스트럼(cepstrum) 분석을 이용한 음향역산법을 제안하였다. 셉스트럼 분석을 통해 수중 청음기에서 계측된 선박 소음으로부터 직접 도달파와 해수면과 해저면에서 반사파와의 간섭에서 기인한 음파의 다중반사 구조를 추출할 수 있다. 음향학적 역산은 계측 신호의 셉스트럼과 모의 신호의 셉스트럼을 비교하여 최적의 역산인자를 찾는 방식으로 구성되었다. 본 논문에서 제안된 역산기법을 대한해협에서 계측한 선박 수중방사소음 데이터에 적용하여 대상 선박의 음원중심과 수중청음기의 위치를 추정하였다. This paper proposes an acoustical inversion method using cepstrum analysis of underwater ship noise. Through the cepstrum analysis, multipath structure can be extracted from the recorded ship noise. The multipath structure comes from interferences between a direct arrival and multiple reflections from the sea surface and the bottom. The acoustic inversion is the optimization process to find the best parameters which show good correlation between cepstrums of the measured signal and the replica. The inversion method was applied to the underwater ship radiated noise data measured at Straits of Korea in order to estimate the acoustic center of the ship and the hydrophone position. The inversion results showed good agreement with the measured information.

천해 음파전달 모의에 적합한 음선기반 광대역 신호 모델링 기법에 관한 연구

박철수,조용진,안종우,성우제,Park Cheol-Soo,Cho Yong-Jin,Ahn Jong-Woo,Seong Woo-Jae 한국음향학회 2006 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.25 No.6

본 논문에서는 천해 음파전달 모의에 적합한 음선기반 광대역 주파수 신호 모의기법을 제안하였다. 본 기법은 깊이에 따라 음속이 선형적으로 변하는 환경 및 층매질에서의 음선추적을 기반으로 평면파 및 구형파의 반사 및 투과, 굴절 그리고 감쇠 등을 고려해 각 고유음선의 위상 및 크기로부터 신호를 모의한다. 본 기법의 가장 큰 특징은 주파수영역을 거치지 않고 시간영역에서 이산화된 신호를 직접 모의함으로써 주파수 대역에 관계없이 계산시간을 단축할 수 있다는 것이다. 끝으로 제안된 기법을 네 가지의 테스트환경에 적용하여 기존의 검증된 모텔 (ORCA, Ram) 의 결과와 비교하여 그 효용성을 검증하였다 This paper proposes a ray-based forward modeling scheme which is suitable for the shallow water acoustic wave propagation simulations. The proposed model comprises of ray tracings for the layered media of which sound speed profiles are interpolated linearly. considerations of plane and spherical wave reflection coefficients. and calculations of the phases and the amplitudes of eigen rays. The main characteristic of the scheme is fast simulation time due to direct calculation of the broad-band time signals in the time-domain, i.e. without transformation of the frequency-domain solutions to the time si 밍 131s. Finally, we applied the model to 4-types of test environments and compared the resulting signals with those of ORCA and Ram in order to validate the proposed model.

오리피스형 공기분사기 생성 기포소음 추정 연구

박철수,정소원,김건도,문일성,김인강,Park, Cheolsoo,Jeong, So Won,Kim, Gun Do,Moon, Ilsung,Kim, In kang 한국음향학회 2022 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

In this paper, noise characteristics of bubbles created by an orifice-type bubble generator are studied. In order to understand the overall bubble noise characteristics, the bubble noise spectra proposed by Strasberg and Blake, respectively, are examined, and an air injection experiment was performed in the large cavitation tunnel of KRISO to measure the bubble noise. The experiments were performed under a quiescent condition and flow conditions using 5 types of air bubble generator. From the measurement results, the characteristics of the bubble noise spectrum according to the experimental conditions are observed, and the effect of each parameter on bubble noise is analyzed by regression analysis. Finally, empirical models based on the regression analysis for bubble noise are presented, and it is confirmed that the estimated bubble noise is in good agreement with the measured results.

에어마스커의 기포크기 추정 경험적 모델

박철수,정소원,김건도,박영하,문일성,임근태,Park, Cheolsoo,Jeong, So Won,Kim, Gun Do,Park, Youngha,Moon, Ilsung,Yim, Geuntae 한국음향학회 2021 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

In this paper, an empirical model of air bubble size to be applied to an air masker for reduction of underwater radiation noise is presented. The proposed model improves the divergence problem under the low-speed flow condition of the existing model derived using Rayleigh's jet instability model and simple continuity condition by introducing a jet flow velocity of air. The jet flow velocity of air is estimated using the bubble size where the liquid is quiescent. In a medium without flow, the size of the bubble is estimated by an empirical method where bubble formation regime is divided into a laminar-flow range, a transition range, and a turbulent-flow range based on the Reynolds number of the injected air. The proposed bubble size model is confirmed to be in good agreement with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis result and the experimental results of the existing literature. Using the acoustic inversion method, the air bubble population is estimated from the insertion loss measured during the air injection experiment of the air- masker model in a large cavitation tunnel. The results of the experiments and the bubble size model are compared in the paper.

캐비테이션 터널 시험용 청음기배열 최적 설계기법

박철수,설한신,김건도,박영하,Park, Cheolsoo,Seol, Hanshin,Kim, Gundo,Park, Youngha 한국음향학회 2013 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

본 논문에서는 캐비테이션 터널에서의 소음계측용 청음기 배열 설계를 위한 최적화 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 최적설계 기법은 배열 설계인자 및 목적함수 정의 그리고 최적화 알고리즘 적용 등의 내용으로 구성되어 있다. 설계인자 정의는 원형배열, 나선배열, 다중나선배열을 대상으로 하였다. 목적함수는 주엽의 빔폭과 최대 부엽 크기를 동시에 고려할 수 있도록 정의하였다. 최적화 알고리즘으로는 광역 최적화 기법의 일종인 VFSR 기법을 적용하였다. 최적 설계기법을 각 배열에 적용 후 도출된 최적 배열을 대상으로 최대 부엽크기 및 주엽의 빔폭을 분석하였다. 끝으로 캐비테이션 터널 내부의 다중반사를 고려한 빔형성 결과 평가를 통해 본 기법의 유용성을 확인하였다. This paper proposes a hydrophone array design optimization technique for cavitation tunnel noise measurements. The optimization technique comprises of design parameters, an objective function and an optimization algorithm. The design parameters are defined for circular, spiral and multi-spiral arrays. The objective function is defined so as to consider the mainlobe beamwidth and the maximum sidelobe level simultaneously. A global optimization scheme is applied to the array design using very fast simulated reannealing (VFSR). After applying the optimization technique to arrays respectively, the peak sidelobe level and the mainlobe beamwidth of optimum arrays are analyzed. Finally the array patterns considering multiple reflections in the cavitation tunnel are evaluated to validate the proposed method.

정합장 처리를 이용한 캐비테이션 터널에서의 프로펠러 소음원 위치 추적에 관한 연구

박철수,조용진,설한신,Park, Cheol-Soo,Cho, Yong-Jin,Seol, Han-Shin 한국음향학회 2007 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.26 No.5

캐비테이션 터널에서 소음계측 실험의 주 목적은 프로펠러 소음레벨 계측과 소음원의 위치 판별이다. 한국해양연구원의 소음계측 실험용 "저소음 대형 캐비테이션 터널"의 기초연구의 일환으로 소음계측 실험이 동 연구원의 소형 캐비테이션 터널에서 수행되었다. 본 실험에서는 프로펠러 캐비테이션이 발생할 수 있는 반류조건을 만들기 위해 반류 생성용 모형체(dummy body)를 제작하였고, 유동장 내의 청음기에 의한 자체소음을 줄이기 위해 유선형으로 설계된 하이드로포일내에 청음기 배열을 설치하였다. 다양한 압력조건에서 발생한 소음장과 가상 음원의 복제음장을 계측한 후, 소음원의 위치를 추적하기 위해 주파수 비상관 Bartlett 프로세서를 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 수행된 소음계측 시험에 대해 기술하고, 계측된 소음의 분석 및 위치추적 결과를 제시한다. The two major objectives of acoustical measurements in a cavitation tunnel are measuring the noise levels generated by rotating propellers behind a hull and localizing possible noise sources in order to reduce noise levels. Propeller noise measurement experiments were performed in MOERI cavitation tunnel at December, 2006. In order to put the propeller into cavitating conditions, a wake-generating dummy body was devised. In addition, ten hydrophones are put inside a wing-shaped casing in order to minimize the unexpected flow induced self noise around hydrophone itself. After measuring both of the noises of the rotating propeller behind the dummy body and signals generated by a virtual source, respectively the data were matched field processed using the frequency incoherent Bartlett processor to localize noises on the propeller plane. In this paper, we presented the measured noise analysis and the localization results.