기하학적 정밀 보 모델을 이용한 무힌지 로터 구조/공력 하중 검증

류한열(Han-Yeol Ryu) 항공우주시스템공학회 2023 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.17 No.1

관개용(灌漑用) 관정(管井)의 양수량(揚水量)과 영향인자(影響因子)들의 상관관계(相關關係)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ),구자웅 ( Ja Woong Koo ) 한국농공학회 1974 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between pumping rates and influential factors in the tube wells for irrigation through the analysis of various statistical data of the existing tube wells for irrigation and pumping tests. Statistical data of the existing tube wells for irrigation were collected from the authorities concerned, and pumping tests were carried out for twelve tube wells. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The drilled tube wells are the most useful among various tube wells in securing pumping rates. 2. The enlargement of well diameter or the improvement of pumping equipments is necessary in drilled tube wells with pumping rates more than 806 ㎥/day, and the adjustment of foot valves or the special control of pumping equipments is necessary in tube wells with pumping rates less than 300 ㎥/day. 3. The choking of aquifer and slits can be prevented by removing earth and sand piled in tube wells. 4. The increase of well loss and the destruction of aquifer can be prevented by determining the optimum pumping rates through the step draw down tests. 5. The thickness of gravel packing is rather thin in drilled tube tube wells. 6. High pamping rates can be gained by deepening the depth of tube wells in the place the ground water storage is abundant, the thickness of aquifer is thick and the depth of tube wells is deep. 7. Higher pumping rates can be obtained by constructing tube wells in the place where the drawdown is little and the coefficient of transmissibility is large.

논벼 장(長)ㆍ단간품종(短稈品種)의 증발산제계수(蒸發散諸係數)와 건물량(乾物量)과의 관계(關係)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)(I)

류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ),김철기 ( Choul Kee Kim ) 한국농공학회 1974 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this thesis is to disclose some characteristics of water consumption in relation to the quantities of dry matters through the growing period for two statured varieties of paddy rice which are a tall statured variety and a short one, including the water consumption during seedling period, and to find out the various coefficients of evapotranspiration that are applicable for the water use of an expected yield of the two varieties. PAL-TAL, a tall statured variety, and TONG-lL, a short statured variety were chosen for this investigation. Experiments were performed in two consecutive periods, a seedling period and a paddy field period. In the investigation of seedling period, rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometers (91cm/85cm/65cm) were set up in a way of two levels (PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties) with two replications. A standard fertilization method was applied to all plots. In the experiment of paddy field period, evapotanspiration and evaporation were measured separately. For PAL-TAL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 43 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometer (91cm/85cm/65cm) and the evaporation measurements of 25 plots of rectangular galvanized iron evaporimeter (91cm/85cm/15cm) have been taken for seven years (1966 through 1972), and for TONG-IL variety, the evapotranspiration measurements of 19 plots and the evaporation measurements of 12 plots have been collected for two years (1971 through 1972) with five different fertilization levels. The results obtained from this investigation are summarized as follows: 1. Seedling period. 1) The pan evaporation and evapotranspiration during seedling period were proved to have a highly significant correlation to solar radiation, sun shine hours and relative humidity. But they had no significant correlation to average temperature, wind velocity and atmospheric pressure, and were appeared to be negatively correlative to average temperature and wind velocity, and positively correlative to the atmospheric pressure, in a certain period. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteorological factors considered. 2) The evapotranpiration and its coefficient for PAL-TAL variety were 194.5mm and 0.94∼1.21(1.05 in average) respectively, while those for TONG-lL variety were 182.8mm and 0.90∼1.10(0.99 in average) respectively. This indicates that the evapotranspiration for TONG-IL variety was 6.2% less than that for PAL-TAL variety during a seedling period. 3) The evapotranspiration ratio (the ratio of the evapotranspiration to the weight of dry matters) during the seedling period was 599 in average for PAL-TAL variety and 643 for TONG-IL variety. Therefore the ratio for TONG-IL was larger by 44 than that for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The K-values of Blaney and Criddle formula for PAL-TAL variety were 0.78∼1.06 (0.92 in average) and for TONG-lL variety 0.75∼0.97 (0.86 in average). 5) The evapotranspiration coefficient and the K-value of B1aney and Criddle formular for both PAL-TAL and TONG-lL varieties showed a tendency to be increasing, but the evapotranspiration ratio decreasing, with the increase in the weight of dry matters. 2. Paddy field period. 1) Correlation between the pan evaporation and the meteorological factors and that between the evapotranspiration and the meteorological factors during paddy field period were almost same as that in case of the seedling period (Ref. to table IV-4 and table IV-5). 2) The plant height, in the same level of the weight of dry matters, for PAL-TAL variety was much larger than that for TONG-IL variety, and also the number of tillers per hill for PAL-TAL variety showed a trend to be larger than that for TONG-IL variety from about 40 days after transplanting. 3) Although there was a tendency that peak of leaf-area-index for TONG-IL variety was a little retarded than that for PAL-TAL variety, it appeared about 60∼80 days after transplanting. The peaks of the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters at each growth stage were overlapped at about the same time and especially in the later stage of growth, the leaf-area-index, the evapotranspiration coefficient and the weight of dry matters for TONG-IL variety showed a tendency to be larger then those for PAL-TAL variety. 4) The evaporation coefficient at each growth stage for TONG-IL and PAL-TALvarieties was decreased and increased with the increase and decrease in the leaf-area-index, and the evaporation coefficient of TONG-IL variety had a little larger value than that of PAL-TAL variety. 5) Meteorological factors (especially pan evaporation) had a considerable influence to the evapotranspiration, the evaporation and the transpiration. Under the same meteorological conditions, the evapotranspiration (ET) showed a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x), while the evaporation (EV) a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters; 800kg/10a≤ x≤ 2000kg/10a, ET=a₁+b₁ log_l0x (b₁>0) EV=a₂+b₂ log₁₀x (a₂>0 b₂< 0 At the base of the weight of total dry matters, the evapotranspiration and the evaporation for TONG-IL variety were larger as much as 0.3∼2.5% and 7.5∼8.3% respectively than those of PAL-TAL variety, while the transpiration for PAL-TAL variety was larger as much as 1.9∼2.4% than that for TONG-IL variety on the contrary. At the base of the weight of rough rices the evapotranspiration and the transpiration for TONG-IL variety were less as much as 3.5% and 8.l∼16.9% respectively than those for PAL-TAL variety and the evaporation for TONG-IL was much larger by 11.6∼14.8% than that for PAL-TAL variety. 6) The evapotranspiration coefficient, the evaporation coefficient and the transpiration coefficient and the transpiration coefficient were affected by the weight of dry matters much more than by the meteorological conditions. The evapotranspiratioa coefficient (ETC) and the evaporation coefficient (EVC) can be related to the weight of dry matters (x) by the following equations: 800kg/10a≤ x ≤2000kg/10a, ETC=a₃+b₃ log_l0x (b₃ >0) EVC=a₄+b₄ log₁₀x (a₄>0, b₄>0) At the base of the weights of dry matters, 800kg/10a∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.968∼1.474 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.939∼1.470, the evaporation coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.504∼0.331 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.469∼0.308, and the transpiration coefficients for TONG-IL variety were 0.464∼1.143 and those for PAL-TAL variety, 0.470∼1.162. 7) The evapotranspiration ratio, the evaporation ratio (the ratio of the evaporation to the weight of dry matters) and the transpiration ratio were highly affected by the meteorological conditions. And under the same meteorological condition, both the evapotranspiration ratio (ETR) and the evaporation ratio (EVR) showed to be a decreasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) as follows: 800kg/10a ≤x ≤2000kg/10a, ETR=a₅+b₅ log_l0x (a₅>0, b₅< 0) EVR=a₆+b₆ log₁₀x (a₆ >0 b₆< 0) In comparison between TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, at the base of the pan evaporation of 343mm and the weight of dry matters of 800∼2000kg/10a, the evapotranspiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 413∼247, while those for PAL-TAL variety, 404∼250, the evaporation ratios for TONG-IL variety were 197∼38 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 182∼34, and the transpiration ratios for TONG-IL variety were 216∼209 while those for PAL-TAL variety, 222∼216 (Ref. to table IV-23, table IV-25 and table IV-26). 8) The accumulative values of evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity for both PAL-TAL and TONG-IL varieties were almost constant in every climatic year without the affection of the weight of dry matters. Furthermore the evapotranspiration intensity appeared to have more stable at each growth stage. The peaks of the evapotranspiration intensity and transpiration intensity, for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties, appeared about 60∼70 days after transplanting, and the peak value of the former was 128.8±0.7, for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 122.8±0.3, and the peak value of the latter was 152.2±1.0 for TONG-IL variety while that for PAL-TAL variety, 152.7±1.9 (Ref.to table IV-27 and table IV-28). 9) The K-value in Blaney & Criddle formula was changed considerably by the meteorological condition (pan evaporation) and related to be a increasing logarithmic function of the weight of dry matters (x) for both PAL-TAL and TONG-L varieties as follows; 800kg/10a≤ x ≤2000kg/10a, K=a₇+b₇ log_l0x (b₇ >0) The K-value for TONG-IL variety was a little larger than that for PAL-TAL variety. 10) The peak values of the evapotranspiration coefficient and k-value at each growth stage for both TONG-IL and PAL-TAL varieties showed up about 60∼70 days after transplanting. The peak values of the former at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 1.14∼1.82 for TONG-IL variety and 1.12∼1.80, for PAL-TAL variety, and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000 kg/10a, were 1.11∼1.79 for TONG-IL variety and 1.17∼1.85 for PAL-TAL variety. The peak values of the latter, at the base of the weights of total dry matters, 800∼2000kg/10a, were 0.83∼1.39 for TONG-IL variety and 0.86∼1.36 for PAL-TAL variety and at the base of the weights of rough rices, 400∼1000kg/10a, 0.85∼1.38 for TONG-IL variety and 0.87∼1.40 for PAL-TAL variety (Ref. to table IV-18 and table IV-32). 11) The reasonable and practicable methods that are applicable for calculating the evapotranspiration of paddy rice in our country are to be followed the following priority. a) Using the evapotranspiration coefficients based on an expected yield (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-18 or Fig. IV-13). b) Making use of the combination method of seasonal evapotranspiration coefficient and evapotranspiration intensity (Ref. to table IV-13 and table IV-27). c) Adopting the combination method of evapotranspiration ratio and evapotranspiration intensity, under the conditions of paddy field having a higher level of expected yield (Ref. to table IV-23 and table IV-27). d) Applying the k-values calculated by Blaney-Criddle formula. only within the limits of the drought year having the pan evaporation of about 450mm during paddy field period as the design year (Ref. to table IV-32 or Fig. IV-22).

영역/경계 분할법을 이용한 접촉 문제의 효율적인 유한요소 해석

류한열(Han Yeol Ryu),신의섭(Eui Sup Shin) 한국항공우주학회 2007 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

접촉 문제의 효율적인 유한요소 해석을 위하여 부영역, 공유면 및 접촉 공유면의 개념에 근거한 영역/경계 분할법을 제시하였다. 부영역과 공유면 또는 접촉 공유면을 결합하기 위한 등식 적합 조건을 벌칙 함수로 처리함으로써 모든 유효 강성 행렬이 양 정치화되므로, 역행렬과 같은 각종 행렬의 연산이 매우 간편해진다. 또한 전체 영역 형상이 복잡하더라도, 임의의 부영역으로 분할한 후 공유면에서의 절점 연속성을 고려하지 않고 각각의 부영역을 독립적으로 이산화할 수 있다. 간단한 수치 예제 해석을 통하여 본 기법의 기본적인 특성을 고찰하였다. A new domain/boundary decomposition method is suggested to perform efficient finite element analyses of contact problems. A penalty method is used for connecting an interface or contact interfaces with neighboring subdomains that satisfy continuity conditions. As a result, the derived effective stiffness matrices are always positive definite, and computational efficiency can be improved to a considerable degree. Moreover, any complex-shaped domain can be divided into independently modeled subdomains without considering the conformity of meshes along the interface. Using a computer code based on the present method, these advantageous features are confirmed through a set of numerical examples.

야산(野山) 기계화개간(機械化開墾) 공법(工法)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(II) -개간공사(開墾工事)에 있어서 인력작업(人力作業)의 특성분석(特性分析)-

류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ),정하우 ( Ha Woo Chung ),박승우 ( Seung Woo Park ) 한국농공학회 1975 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.17 No.4

In order primarily to establish the working stages in the reclamation works and to- analyze the working characteristics of man-power, the investigations for construction_ works were conducted on Echeon Largescale Reclamation Project Area. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The working chart on reclamation by man-power is Fig.IV-1. 2. The. ratio of actual working time to total varied with the total times, being 1.0 for less than 4 hours but about 0.9-0.83 for more than 5 hours. 3. Felling operations can be classified into three stages as truck-cutting, branch- cutting, and binding-up, of which results are in Table IV-2. The larger the diameter of stands, the more times for both the cutting operations are, but the moving time is constant to be about 15 sec. 4. Stumping and clearing works have the results prepared in Table IV-3. Between the stumping time and the diameter of stands d, there show highly significant positive correlations, expressed as t=2.212d -4.792. The more the ratio of small diameters to total, the more hastily the total hourly working results of each person are increased. 5. Working results for constructing drainage facilities and ridges are in Table IV-5. The labours for placing patches of grass are required more than twice or three times as much as those are showed in the established standards, and such the different results imply more investigation to be necessary. 6. Table IV-6 sholvs the results for plowing andh arrowing, that are less amount thant the standards. Therefore, more inverestigation should be prepared.

야산(野山) 기계화(機械化) 개간공법(開墾工法)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -레이크 도저의 적정(適正) 이빨 간격(間隔)의 선택(選擇)과 발배근작업능률(拔排根作業能率) 시험(試驗)(제(第)1보(報))-

류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ),정하우 ( Ha Woo Chung ),박승우 ( Seung Woo Park ) 한국농공학회 1975 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.17 No.3

This experiment was carried out to establish the mechanized methods in stumping and root-clearing, which were the most important works in the reclamation of sloping uplands. The determination of optimum teeth interval of rake blades and its operation methods to reduce the quantity of transported topsoil during the works, are the aims of this investigation. A newly designed rake blade, whose net teeth intervals could be regulated by three stages as 15cm, 25cm, and 35cm, was manufactured to attach to the bulldozer of 13ton. The experiments were carried out at Kilsang-Myon, Kwangwha-Gun, from Aug. 9 to Aug. 23, 1975. For each interval, 36 test plots of 50/10mn in size, which were regulated under three levels of land slopes of 10, 20, and 30% and two different tree stand density of high or medium values, were randomly chosen and arranged by two-replicated split-split plot design. Each stump classified by its diameter was stumped and cleared by the rake dozer to be related between diameter and stumping time. The results obtained in this experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. Stumping times for the diameters ranging from 6 to 18cm of stumps are almost the same and they are not varied by the difference of teeth intervals of rake dozer. 2. By back-ward stumping method, the number of stumps which can be stumped per hour ranges almost from 100 to 170, showing significant difference with respect to the teeth intervals. The working area is sharply varied with not only the stand density of stumps but the teeth intervals. 3. Optimum stumping distance for each teeth interval of rake dozer to minimize the quantity of transported topsoil are varied with such the rates as it is 15m or 20m for 15cm of teeth interval, but 25m for 25cm or 35cm, respectively. The clearing distance could be chosen almost double as long as the operating distance. 4. The working areas per hour of the simultaneous stumping and clearing methods are no significant difference among the various treatments of working conditions, but they are affected by the operating techniques. However, the influencing factors of the working conditions as classified before and the working directions are ranged from 10 to 15 per cent of total working area, respectively. 5. The residual rates of stumps which are not stumped by the rake dozer in each test plot are generally reduced as the teeth interval gets narrower, but there are no significant difference among them. The mean residual rates average to be about 4% for the simultaneous stumping and clearing method. The back-ward stumping method are recommended to be supervised and directed by more than one man, to show the operator where the stumps are located. 6. The results according to the stumping and clearing methods are summarized as Table IV-2. And the selection of working methods is recommended to follow as shown in Fig. IV-9 with respect to the stand density of the field. 7. Generally speaking, the narrower the teeth interval, the better become the working results, but the more the quantity of transported topsoil is increased. Therefore, it is recommended that the teeth interval should be reduced from the present distance of more than 30cm to 25cm or 15cm, by developing suitable working methods through more field works and experiments.

영역/경계 분할 정식화에 의한 삼차원 접촉 해석의 효율성 검토

김용언,류한열,신의섭,Kim, Yong-Uhn,Ryu, Han-Yeol,Shin, Eui-Sup 한국전산구조공학회 2007 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4

많은 계산량이 요구되는 삼차원 접촉 문제의 효율적인 유한요소 해석을 위하여 영역/경계 분할 기법을 적용하였다. 접촉 경계면의 부등식 적합 조건과 부영역, 공유면, 접촉 공유면의 등식 적합 조건을 모두 벌칙 함수로 처리하였다. 이에 따라 모든 유효 강성 행렬이 양 정치화되므로, 역행렬과 같은 각종 행렬 연산이 매우 간편해진다. 또한 전체 영역의 형상이 복잡하더라도, 임의의 부영역, 공유면, 접촉 공유면 단위로 쉽게 유한요소 모델링할 수 있다. 즉, 관련 지배 방정식은 물론 경계 조건도 독립적으로 이산화할 수 있으므로, 국부적인 비선형 접촉 조건에 대한 효율적인 해석이 가능하다. 간단한 수치 예제를 통하여 삼차원 접촉 해석의 효율성에 관한 기본적인 경향을 검토하였다. A domain/boundary decomposition technique is applied to carry out efficient finite element analyses of 3-D contact problems. Appropriate penalty functions are selected for connecting an interface and contact interfaces with neighboring subdomains that satisfy continuity constraints. As a consequence, all the effective stiffness matrices have positive definiteness, and computational efficiency can be improved to a considerable degree. If necessary, any complex-shaped 3-D domain can be divided into several simple-shaped subdomains without considering the conformity of meshes along the interface. With a set of numerical examples, the basic characteristics of computational efficiency are investigated carefully.

EDISON Co-rotational Plane Beam-Dynamic Tip Load를 이용한 가진주파수 변화에 따른 외팔보의 자유단 진동 연구

박철우,주현식,류한열,신상준,Park, Chul-Woo,Joo, Hyun-Shig,Ryu, Han-Yeol,Shin, Sang-Joon 한국전산구조공학회 2015 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.28 No.5

본 논문에서는 Euler-Bernoulli Beam(EB-beam) 및 신속 Fourier 변환을 이용하여 수치분석적 빔 모델 및 Co-rotational plane beam EDISON program(CR-beam)을 이용한 빔 모델의 가진주파수 변화에 따른 외팔보의 자유단 진동 연구를 수행하였다. 위의 두 빔 모델에서의 끝단에서는 진동이 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하다가 정상상태에 이르는 것을 확인하였다. 끝단에서 가진주파수가 증가함에 따라 구조적 감쇠에 의해 변위이 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 감쇠를 고려한 EB-beam과 CR-beam가 정상상태로 진입하는 경향이 비슷하나, 가진주파수는 정상상태가 나타나는 시간과 독립적임을 제시한다. In this paper, Euler-Bernoulli beam theories(EB-beam) are used, and Fast Fourier Transformation(FFT) analysis is then employed to extract their natural frequencies using both analytical approach and Co-rotational plane beam(CR-beam) EDISON program. EB-beam is used to analyze a spring-mass system with a single degree of freedom. Sinusoidal force with various frequencies and constant magnitude are applied to tip of each beam. After the oscillatory tip response is observed in EB-beam, it decreases and finally converges to the so-called 'steady-state.' The decreasing rate of the tip deflection with respect to time is reduced when the forcing frequency is increased. Although the tip deflection is found to be independent of the excitation frequency, it turns out that time to reach the steady state response is dependent on the forcing frequency.

관정(管井)의 배열수(配列數) 및 양수량(揚水量)의 상호관계(相互關係)에 관(關)한 실험(實驗)

권무남 ( Moo Nam Kwon ),류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ) 한국농공학회 1969 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relations between numbers, arrangements and pumping rates of wells. In this experiment, well pipes were vertically set up in an artificial water-bearing sand layer of homogeneous quality. Wells were arranged in different ways and their number was varied in order to observe the variation of pumping rates. Sands were filled in a square tank, 183㎝×91.5㎝×91.5㎝ so as to secure a water-bearing layer. Water was constantly supplied from a supply tank located at an end of the tank. The number of well pipes was varied from one to four. Well pipes were connected by a horizontal header pipes were connected by a horizontal header pipe located above them and one pump was used. Pumping rates were measured, when they were arranged in longitudinal and lateral directions, They were also arranged in a square and triangle. The main results thus obtained are presented as follows: (1) When well pipes are laid out in a longitudinal line, i. e., in a flow direction, the ratios of pum ping rates of one-pipe well and wells 2-, 3- and 4- pipe t, are 1.903, 2.506 and 2.66, respectively. (2) When well pipes are laid out in a lateral line, i.e., in a perpendicular direction to flow, the same ratios as (1) are 1.912, 2.527 and 2.88. (3) When four pipes are laid out in a square and three pipes are laid out in a triangle, pumping rates are deereased, Comparing with the cases when pipes are laid out in a straight line.

관개용(灌漑用) 관정(管井)의 가채수량(可採水量) 추정(推定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

구자웅 ( Ja Woong Koo ),류한열 ( Han Yeol Ryu ) 한국농공학회 1976 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this thesis is to search for the determination method of pumping rates in the existing tube wells for irrigation. Pumping tests were carried out for the twelve test tube wells which were selected in the provinces of Kyounggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk and Chungnam. The depths, static water levels, pumping levels, drawdowns and yields of tube wells were measured in the pumping tests, and a centrifugal pump with 3 inches diameter, a 5 HP motor and a 90/ V-notch were used in the pumping tests. The average coefficient of transmissibility calculated by Chow's and Jacob's methods is 0.0336 square meter per second, and the average pumping rate calculated by Thiem's, Smreker's, Brinkhaus' and Theis' formulae, is 919 cubic meter per day, Therefore, the ground water storage in the test areas is comparatively abundant. Correlation between pumping rates and depths of tube wells is not in existence. Also, correlation between pumping rates and the thickness of aquifer is not found in this experiment. This shows that the depths of some tube wells are deep and their thicknesses of aquifer are thick, but their ground water storages are poor, and that the depths of some tube wells are shallow and their thicknesses of aquifer are thin, but their ground water storages are abundant. It seems that the test tube wells are influenced by the peculiar characteristics that the ground water in the test areas is free ground water in alluvium layer closely related with surface water. As drawdown increases, pumping rate decreases, and as the coefficient of transmissibility increases, pumping rate also increases. Namely, there are negative correlation between pumping rate and drawdown, and positive correlation between pumping rate and the coefficient of transmissibility. Judging from the results of the pumping tests in these tests areas, the pumping rate calculated by the formula, Q_m=Q(S_m/ΔS)^2/3 used traditionally, is likely to be higher than real pumping rates. The formula, Q_m=Q H²/(2H-ΔS) ΔS derived from Thiem's theory, is looked upon as the reasonable one to detemine pumping rates in the existing tube wells for irrigation.