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Do voter preferences matter between elections? Democratic performance in Western Democracies
김희민,Richard C. Fording 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2012 International Area Studies Review Vol.15 No.2
Over the years, several studies have examined government responsiveness and congruence in Western democracies by examining the relationship between the ideological positions of voters and governments. Although these studies generally find high levels of responsiveness and congruence, this research is limited by the fact that it has focused exclusively on governments that formed immediately after an election, thus implicitly ignoring governments that form between elections. This is an important omission, we argue, owing to both the number of governments that form between elections (nearly half in our sample of Western democracies) and theoretical expectations that suggest that responsiveness and congruence may look quite different in the absence of an election. In this paper, we reassess levels of democratic performance across 22 Western democracies utilizing data for all governments formed during the postwar period. For governments formed immediately after an election, we confirm the results of past studies that found high levels of congruence and responsiveness. However, extending the analysis to governments formed between elections, the level of government responsiveness appears to diminish over time with each new government. Our findings concerning levels of voter–government congruence are mixed, yet we do find some evidence of declining congruence as well. In sum, since many studies of postwar governments in Western democracies have been based on elections and the resulting governments, our analysis demonstrates the need to include those governments that form between elections.
김희민,김재곤,이대우,양연미 대한소아치과학회 2024 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.51 No.2
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) can occur at any age, including childhood and adolescence, and pain-related TMDs can affect growth and quality of life. In the present study, recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs in children and adolescents were analyzed over a 10-year period. Using 10 years of data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and Jeonbuk National University (JBNU) Dental Hospital, patients between 0 and 19 years of age diagnosed with K07.6 (temporomandibular joint disorders) were analyzed by 5-year bins. Both datasets indicated a higher prevalence in females (1.2-fold in HIRA, 1.5-fold in JBNU) and in ages 15 to 19 years (72.1% in HIRA, 74.7% in JBNU). HIRA reported a 42.3% increase in prevalence per 100,000 people, from 651.4 in 2011 to 927.0 in 2020. JBNU reported K07.66 (masticatory muscle disorders) as the most common diagnosis in subjects under 10 years of age and K07.60 (internal derangement of temporomandibular joint) in those over 10 years of age. In addition, both were treated mainly by a combination of physical therapy and medication, and the treatment rate increased in accordance with age. Because TMDs can affect various structures in the orofacial region and cause pain that tends to differ with age, an early and specific diagnosis appropriate for age is important for treatment. Therefore, pediatric dentists need to promptly recognize TMDs in children and adolescents and consult with specialists as the prevalence increases.
Defect Estimation of a Crack in Underground Pipelines by CMFL Type NDT System
김희민,박관수 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.6
A crack which is axially oriented with small size is hard to detect in conventional system. CMFL(Circumferential Magnetic Flux Leakage) type PIG(Pipelines Inspection Gauge) in theNDT(Nondestructive Testing), is operated to detect this defect called axially oriented cracks in thepipe. It is necessary to decompose the size and shapes of cracks for the maintenance of undergroundpipelines. This article is mainly focused on the decomposing method of the size and shape of theaxially oriented cracks by using inspection signal data for defect.