지역사회복지시설 이용노인들의 여가활용실태 및 활성화에 관한 연구

김희년(Hee Nyon Kim),정미숙(Mee Suk Jung) 한국노인복지학회 2004 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.26

본 연구는 노인의 여가문제가 노인 개개인에 국한된 문제가 아니라 지역사회 전체의 관심과 참여를 통해 해결해야 할 중요한 문제로 인식하고, 노인의 여가활용을 활성화하기 위한 방안을 찾기 위한 목적으로 이루어졌다. 2004년 4월 현재 진해시에 거주하고 있는 60세 이상의 남녀 노인 250명을 조사대상으로 하여, 설문지를 기초로 개별 및 직접 면담방식을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS프로그램을 이용하여 분석되었고, 빈도분석, 교차분석, 1-검정, 카이스퀘어 검증, 회귀분석방법 등이 사용되었다. 조사결과를 요약해서 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인들의 여가시설 활용실태를 살펴보면 교육수준과 소득수준이 낮을수록 경로당을 이용하는 비율이 높았다. 둘째, 여가프로그램 중 복리 후생프로그램 이용경험의 경우에는 소득이 없고 연령이 많을수록 경로식당을 이용하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 독거노인의 증가현상과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 사회교육프로그램의 경우, 교육수준이 낮을수록 한글교실프로그램의 참여에 높은 관심을 보였다. 그리고 넷째, 가족내 소외감과 여가에 소요되는 비용이 여가활동의 만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 노인들의 여가시설 활용실태 및 욕구 등에 대한 조사 결과, 많은 노인들은 스스로의 낮은 교육수준, 경제적 빈곤, 건강약화 등의 신체적 특성, 소외감과 외로움 등의 부정적 심리 특성 등이 여가활동 참여에 소극적인 태도를 갖게 하는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 여가에 대한 인식 및 여가정보의 부족과 시설에 대한 접근성 제약이 실제로 노인여가활동에 많은 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 조사결과를 토대로 여가활용 증진을 위한 몇 가지 방안을 제시해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존의 경로당 시설 및 장비의 재정비와 운영과 관련한 재정적 지원의 현실화가 요청된다. 둘째, 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 노인들에게 노인여가복지시설과 시설에서 제공하는 여가프로그램에 대해 충분히 알고 이용여부를 결정할 수 있도록 지속적인 홍보를 실시해야한다. 셋째, 노인들의 다양한 특성과 욕구를 충분히 고려하여 노인들에게 실질적으로 필요하고 노인들이 원하는 여가프로그램을 개발 및 운영해야 한다. 그리고 넷째, 여가활동으로서의 노인자원봉사활동프로그램을 개발하고 육성해나가야 할 필요가 크다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to examine elderly people`s leisure lives including their unfulfilled needs and problems and to seek ways of improving their leisure activities, as the elderly`s leisure activity was an important issue that should be addressed at a societal level. The subjects of this study were 250 men and women at the age of 60 and over, who resided in Jinhae city in April, 2004. An individual interview was conducted based on structured written questionnaires. For analyzing collected data, SPSS 10.0 program was employed. Frequency distribution, t-test, x²(Chi-square) test, and multiple regression were the analytical methodsutilized. The findings of the study were as follows: In terms of using leisure facilities, those who were less educated or had lower income had tendency to utilize senior citizen centers most. Regarding their use of welfare programs, the low-income elderly utilized free lunch program more often, and this phenomenon indicated that the elderly who lived alone wanted to satisfy their needs for food utilizing free lunch program. As to their intention of participating in leisure programs, the less-educated elderly were more willing to take a Korean language class. In regard to the factors affected their satisfaction with leisure activities, a sense of alienation among family members and the cost of participation had an impact on their satisfaction with leisure life. The findings above suggested that the physical characteristics of elderly, including low educational level, poor economic status, poor health, and psychological characteristics, such as a sense of alienation and loneliness, made them take a passive attitude toward leisure activities. Moreover, their poor awareness of leisure life, lack of relevant information and inconvenience of transportation had a lot of impacts on their leisure activities. Based on the above-mentioned findings, there are some suggestions about how to help elderly people taking advantage of their leisure time. First, existing senior citizen centers should be equipped properly and managed efficiently, and given more financial support from local and central government. Second, leisure and welfare facilities and their programs should be well publicized for the elderly in community. Third, successful leisure programs that could address elderly`s needs and wants should be prepared. And, fourth, elderly volunteer programs should be promoted as part of the efforts to improve their leisure activities.

노인보호 전문인력 양성을 위한 교육프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

김희년(Hee Nyon Kim),안혜경(Hye Gyung An) 한국노인복지학회 2001 노인복지연구 Vol.12 No.-

This study was performed to find an efficient way to achieve high quality of care services for the elderly who suffer from dementia and physical incapability with activities of everyday living. Specifically, as a link in the chain of program which aims at developing professional workers who can provide good quality of care, the facilities of institutions, and physical conditions and the degree of activities of daily living of the elderly were assessed. Also, the socio-demographic characteristics and the degree of need for professional education of the staff who provide nursing services were assessed and analyzed. The results achieved from data analysis are as follows. First, the total of 11 institutions were studied in this study. Among all of those institutions, 6 were established by social welfare corporations; 2 by corporate juridical persons; In addition, the state government, the individual corporation, and the school corporation established 1 each. Second, the medical delivery system of each institution was evaluated. There were 1 institution which operates medical facility; 6 institutions which were connected with medical examination and treatment system of local medical institution; And, the last of 4 institutions did not have any medical provisions for their clients. The evaluation for admission of each elderly individual was made by nurses and social workers from 36.4% of institutions. Since the degree of illness of each subject were not relatively measured, separate admission evaluated by seriousness of illness was not made. Third, among the elderly who utilize adult day-care centers, the proportion of low-income elderly including those who get public assistance were 39.6%. And 21.6% were living alone without any help from their family. Most of the elderly subjects were suffered from economic hardship on everyday living. Fourth, in terms of the reasons for admission to day-care center, the proportion of elderly persons who did not have any family mernbei- were 14.9%; the elderly who had family member but no one to take care of were 32.1%; the elderly who had family rrember with job were 26.1%; And, the elderly admitted by the wish of their family were 3.0%. For 76.1% of total elderly individuals, it was almost impossible for taking care of their aged parents by their own. Fifth, Among the study subjects, the 25.4% of the elderly were suffered from dementia; 43.3% from the diseases with bones and sinews; 23.9% from strokes; 14.2% from high blood pressure. In terms of the activities of daily living, the percentage of elderly individual who need help with dining were 16.4%; 25.4% had difficulty with sitting down; 35.9% had problems with taking a bath; 21.6% with toilet use; 32.1% with changing their clothes; and 40.3% with outings. Sixth, the most serious problems the staff encounter were the shortage of staff and equipments. And, seventh, among the staff of the adult day-care centers being studied, 79.4% were working at the centers without taking any professional training to learn the method for caring elderly. 85.3% agreed on the necessity of professional training for taking care of frail elderly. The need for education developed by the researcher were appeared high by the average of 3.2787 points for the highest score of 4.

의료서비스경험조사로 분석한 외래서비스 만족의 결정요인

김희년(Heen-Yun Kim),구준혁(Jun-Hyuk Koo),최용석(Yong-Seok Choi),신정우(Jeong-Woo Shin) 한국보건복지학회 2021 보건과 복지 Vol.23 No.3

최근 보건의료 분야의 국제사회적 논의에 종종 등장하고 있는 ‘반응성(Responsiveness)’은 보건의료의 의료적 측면뿐 아니라 비의료적 측면에서의 제도 내지 서비스에 대한 기대가 제고되고 있음을 시사한다. 하지만, 지금까지의 의료의 질 연구는 주로 임상적인 면에 치중되어 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 현재 매년 수행되고 있는 의료서비스경험조사의 설문 문항 검증을 통해 우리나라 환자 중심 의료체계구상을 위한 기초자료의 타당성을 검토하고, 의료서비스 이용 경험과 만족의 관계를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 자료는 보건복지부와 한국보건사회연구원이 시행하는 2019년 의료서비스경험 조사 원시자료이다. 분석 방법은 확인적 요인분석 및 위계적 회귀분석이며, 분석 도구는 SPSS AMOS 22.0과 SAS9.4 버전을 활용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 의료서비스경험조사 문항의 신뢰도 및 타당도가 충분함을 확인하였다. 또한, 비임상적인 질(환자경험)이 환자의 의료서비스 만족을 결정하는 주요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 결과에 기초하여, 의료서비스를 제공함에 있어서 환자를 중심에 두는 사고(思考)의 확장을 강조한다. ‘Responsiveness’, which has often appeared in international discussions in the field of health care recently, suggests that expectations for institutions and services in the non-medical aspect as well as in the medical aspect of health care are being raised. However, most of researches on quality of medical care so far has mainly focused on clinical and empirical quality. Therefore, this study aims to verify the questionnaire items of the “Medical Service Experience Survey”, which is currently conducted every year, and identify the relationship between each medical service experience and satisfaction. And ultimately, this study pursues identifying factors that increase the value of outpatient services. As a result, it verifies that the reliability and validity of the “Medical Service Experience Survey” questionnaires are secured, and highlights the fact that non-clinical quality is also a major factor in determining patient satisfaction with medical services. Based on these results, this study emphasizes the expansion of people-centered thinking in providing medical services.

보존지역의 합리적 관리를 위한 철새 서식 확률지도 구축 - 부산 Eco Delta City (EDC)를 중심으로 -

김근한 ( Kim Geun Han ),공석준 ( Kong Seok Jun ),김희년 ( Kim Hee Nyun ),구경아 ( Koo Kyung Ah ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

In some areas of the Republic of Korea, the designation and management of conservation areas do not adequately reflect regional characteristics and often impose behavioral regulations without considering the local context. One prominent example is the Busan EDC area. As a result, conflicts may arise, including large-scale civil complaints, regarding the conservation and utilization of these areas. Therefore, for the efficient designation and management of protected areas, it is necessary to consider various ecosystem factors, changes in land use, and regional characteristics. In this study, we specifically focused on the Busan EDC area and applied machine learning techniques to analyze the habitat of regional species. Additionally, we employed Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques to interpret the results of our analysis. To analyze the regional characteristics of the waterfront area in the Busan EDC district and the habitat of migratory birds, we used bird observations as dependent variables, distinguishing between presence and absence. The independent variables were constructed using land cover, elevation, slope, bridges, and river depth data. We utilized the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model, known for its excellent performance in various fields, to predict the habitat probabilities of 11 bird species. Furthermore, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations technique, one of the representative methodologies of XAI, to analyze the relative importance and impact of the variables used in the model. The analysis results showed that in the EDC business district, as one moves closer to the river from the waterfront, the likelihood of bird habitat increases based on the overlapping habitat probabilities of the analyzed bird species. By synthesizing the major variables influencing the habitat of each species, key variables such as rivers, rice fields, fields, pastures, inland wetlands, tidal flats, orchards, cultivated lands, cliffs & rocks, elevation, lakes, and deciduous forests were identified as areas that can serve as habitats, shelters, resting places, and feeding grounds for birds. On the other hand, artificial structures such as bridges, railways, and other public facilities were found to have a negative impact on bird habitat. The development of a management plan for conservation areas based on the objective analysis presented in this study is expected to be extensively utilized in the future. It will provide diverse evidential materials for establishing effective conservation area management strategies.

15세 이하 입원 진료비 본인부담 경감 정책이 평균재원일수 및 입원 진료비 변화에 미친 영향 분석

김현화 ( Hyunhwa Kim ),김희년 ( Heenyun Kim ),정효정 ( Hyojeong Jeong ),서영준 ( Youngjoon Seo ) 한국병원경영학회 2021 병원경영학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of the copayment reduction policy on the health care utilization of patients under age 15 after the policy started in 2017. (이하는 아래 methodoloty로 이동) Methodology: Data on the ALOS, the average admission cost, and the out-of-pocket expenditure for patients under 15 years of age from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from the National Health Insurance database. Policy effects were measured by analyzing three dependent variables before and after policy: the average length of stay (ALOS), the average admission cost, and the out-of-pocket expenditure for patients under 15 years of age. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS package, and the analysis methods used in this study were the mean difference test and linear regression analysis. Findings: The study results reveal that, after the copayment reduction policy in the year 2017, the ALOS and the out-of-pocket expenditure were significantly decreased, but the average admission cost was significantly increased. Practical Implications: These results imply that the policy of copayment reduction for the patients under the age of 15 has contributed to mitigating the patients' financial burden with little concern about growing medical utilization.

사학연금 가입자들을 위한 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안에 관한 연구

이정우 ( Jung-woo Lee ),김희년 ( Heenyon Kim ) 한국질서경제학회 2018 질서경제저널 Vol.21 No.1

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있다. 본 연구는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 한다. 종합하면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 주는 방향으로 개선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다. As the average lifespan increases, most developed countries are reforming their pension systems for the elderly in a large scale. The reform of the Teachers’ Pension system of 2015 is just one example in Korea. Increased life expectancy in Korea caused an imbalance between the expected labor and leisure years in old age. This led to elderly care becoming a significant social burden. One solution is to extend the period of life-time labor. For this to be viable however, a new system must be introduced that would support those who would have difficulty adapting to the new lengthened life-time labor period due to health conditions, family matters, etc. The new system to combat the aforementioned social problem would have to guarantee a person’s right to select from a variety of options that include one that fits his/her capabilities and needs. Proposed is a solution that focuses on the necessity to adjust the life-time labor expectancy to receive pension while examining the current Teacher’s Pension system. As the retirement system is gradually introduced, it would have the capacity to absorb shock resulting from potential problems such as the no-income period, problem of career emptiness in pension enrollment, and so forth. In order to guarantee the individual right of free choice either times or forms of retirement during gradual retirement selection period, the changing rate of applying for insurance must be strictly and accurately reflected. The elderly themselves would be supported in gradually shortening their labor hours, and decrease their income which would be compensated by a separated system such as a bridged pension or time-valued accumulated account. Furthermore, by considering the shortening of labor hours and the intensity of labor, the gradual retirement system could work in coherence with the Wage Peak System.

건강가정지원센터 가족자원봉사자들의 봉사경험에 관한 연구

서홍란(Seo, Honglan),김희년(Kim, Hee-Nyon) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 社會科學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

현상학적 접근을 한 본 연구는 가족자원봉사자들의 봉사경험을 묘사하고 이들이 가족자원봉사활동에 부여하는 의미를 밝히고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 건강가정지원센터에서 가족봉사단원으로 활동 중인 10가족, 총 20명(부모 10명, 자녀 10명)을 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였다. 질적 자료분석의 결과, 4개의 범주와 15개의 하위 주제가 드러났는데 이들 범주와 주제 속에 담긴 가족자원봉사활동 경험의 본질은 ‘가족사랑, 이웃사랑’이었다. 가족봉사를 처음 시작했을 때 가졌던 마음가짐, 참여자들의 연령, 그리고 개별 가족구성원이 봉사활동을 얼마나 즐기고 좋아하는지에 상관없이 참여자들은 ‘자신의 삶의 일부’가 된 봉사활동에 자부심을 갖게 되었으며, 가족봉사활동을 통해 가족과 이웃을 사랑하는 마음이 자연스럽게 발아되었고, 봉사활동의 경험이 쌓임에 따라 세상을 보는 시각도 자연스럽게 변화되었다. 본 연구는 그 결과를 토대로 가족자원봉사프로그램의 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. Utilizing the phenomenological approach, this study was pursued to describe the experience of family volunteering and to understand the meanings of it based on unique insights of the participants. For this purpose, 20 persons(10 adults and 10 children) from 20 families who are currently participating in family volunteering activities in the healthy family support center were chosen for in-depth interviews. As a result of the qualitative data analysis, it was possible to synthesize the data to four categories and 15 sub-themes. All in all, the true nature of family volunteering contained above categories and sub-themes was ‘the love among family members’ and ‘the love between neighbors’. Regardless of the mind-set at the time of beginning the volunteer activities, the current ages of participants, and the degree of satisfaction each family member experiences, the family volunteering experience gradually brought self-esteem of each participant regarded as ‘a part of each one’s daily living’. By doing volunteer activities, each participant started to love his or her family and neighbors. Also, as volunteer experience increases, the viewpoint about the world has also changed naturally. Finally, from the results of this study, the practical methods to promote family volunteering were discussed.

[論文] 直噴式 디젤機關에서 Cavity形狀이 燃燒特性과 排出微粒子에 미치는 영향

이상석(S. S. Lee),김희년(H. N. Kim),김봉곤(B. G. Kim),하종률(J. Y. Ha) 한국자동차공학회 1990 오토저널 Vol.12 No.6

The combustion chamber geometry, especially cavity geometry have an effect on the air-fuel mixture process, gas flow in cylinder and combustion itself.<br/> Three types of piston cavity model were compared in order to investigate with the effect of cavity geometry on combustion characteristics, engine performance and exhaust gas emission;as the results Reflex type has superior performance compared with the other cavity types.

가족자원봉사활동에 대한 건강가정지원센터 가족봉사자들의 인식과 가족봉사프로그램 발전방안

서홍란 ( Hong Lan Seo ),김희년 ( Hee Nyon Kim ) 한국가족관계학회 2012 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Family volunteering is a newly developed field in the area of volunteering. It has it`s own special meanings since it contributes to prevent and solve many problems our society encounters to be a community by promoting corporate efforts from both individual family and whole society. This study which was conducted utilizing participants of family volunteering program in Healthy Family Support Center is pursued to develop proper plan for family volunteering reflecting motivation. perception, attitude, and experience about activities they participate. For this purpose, in-depth interviews with 20 participants, several data such as monthly newsletter, volunteer`s activity evaluation sheet, volunteering application paper of Healthy Family Support Center were included to do qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was also performed by utilizing 150 sheets to measure degree of satisfaction of family volunteers. It was turned out that degree of satisfaction of the family volunteers is generally high. Especially, the degree of satisfaction of family volunteers utilizing special skills is higher than those of participating in other types of volunteer activities. The participants in this study indicated that they have participated in the family volunteer program for educational purpose such as succession of family values to children, improvement of family relationship, and participating in communities activities. They described that family volunteer programs are beneficial to family as well as communities. However, they pointed out that the three components of family volunteer program-family volunteer, agency which in need of volunteer services, and family volunteering program center-are needed to change. This study revealed that program development and recruitment of proper agency for volunteer services are needed to meet the need of family volunteers. It also showed that the management of enlisted members of family volunteering is more important than the recruitment of new volunteers. Continuing education is also needed to help volunteers gain volunteer spirit, and special knowledge and skill to be used in special area.

호주의 치료재료 관리체계 개혁 동향

문석준 ( Moon Seokjun ),김희년 ( Kim Heenyun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2024 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.28 No.-

의료기술이 발달하면서 치료재료의 급여 항목도 함께 증가하고 있다. 하지만 한국을 비롯한 세계 각국에서 치료재료에 대한 관리체계가 미흡하여 이로 인한 의료비 지출이 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 호주는 한국과 같이 전 국민 의료보장제도를 운영하고 있으며, 지속적인 보험료 상승으로 최근 치료재료의 급여목록 개편을 통해 재정의 안정성을 확보하고자 하였다. 이 글에서는 호주 정부의 치료재료 관리체계의 특징과 함께 최근 개혁 동향을 살펴봄으로써 한국의 치료재료 관리체계에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. As medical technology advances, the positive list of prostheses expands. In many countries, including Korea, a lack of management has led to increased health expenditures on prosthesis items. In recent years, Australia, with its national health insurance system like Korea’s, has increased health insurance premiums and amended the list of reimbursable prosthesis items in a bid to ensure financial stability. In this article, we aim to examine the characteristics of prosthesis management in Australia and recent amendments made to its prosthesis list and explore implications for prosthesis management in Korea.