『나사의 회전』: 여성주의적 읽기

김봉광(Kim, Bong-Gwang) 새한영어영문학회 2017 새한영어영문학 Vol.59 No.2

In Henry James’s novella, The Turn of the Screw, a young Victorian governess narrates her painful life at Bly, her first employer’s country home. Adopting a historicist approach, this study aims to suggest (the) reason(s) for her agonies and sufferings at Bly from a feminist perspective. The discussion follows a narrative sequence of major incidents, illuminating the significance of each one. The primary focus is given to the Governess’s ambivalent, at once submissive yet rebellious, attitude toward her master, the anonymous Uncle, who may be said to be an avatar representing the then dominant patriarchal social order.

노예제 담론과 여성의 글쓰기

강옥선(Kang Ok-Sun),김봉광(Kim Bong-Gwang),이상우(Lee Sang-Ou),홍옥숙(Hong Ok-Sook) 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

This study aims at examining the anti-slavery discourse written by the early 19th-century women writers. Based on their own moral sensibility and Christian belief of non-Anglican Church, these early romantic women writers strongly advocated abolitionism and were involved in anti-slavery activities, such as writing pamphlets and joining anti-slavery groups. However, their writings have been ignored for a long time, overpowered by 'major' male writers of Romanticism. Thus this study tries to shed light on these women writers and discuss their importance in the literary history. The study will discuss why the anti-slavery discourse was an important issue among the women writers. In the late 18th century, women were beginning to recognize their inferior social status and naturally identified themselves with the slaves. The French Revolution which emphasized equality of humankind had strong impact on them. Mary Wollstonecraft and Helen Maria Williams experienced the Revolution in France and put their experiences into the writing advocating the rights of women and the socially weak people. Based on their religious belief, Hannah More and Ann Yearsley wrote poems attacking the slave trade. Their naive attitude toward Christianity, which tacitly approved slavery in spite of its belief in the equality of human beings, may be problematic. Their poems are significant, however, as an official beginning of antislavery discourse by women. Women poets' attack upon the slavery and advocation of the oppressed is further developed by poets such as Anna Barbauld, Helen Maria Williams and Amelia Opie. On the other hand, Harriet Martineau wrote an anti-slavery novel "Demerara." As a popular pamphlet writer of the time, Martineau was influential in the antislavery movement of the United States. "Demerara," written as a part of John Stuart Mill's Illustrations of Political Economy contains a scientific and systematic criticism of slavery. "Demerara" puts the colonized West Indies into the foreground of the novel and enlists the reasons the slavery should be abolished. In addition to the touching story of the hardships of a slave family, she analyzes the disadvantages of slavery in terms of political economy. Romantic women writers' anti-slavery writing ranging from poems to novel contains a distinctive voice different from that of male writers. Recognizing their social status inferior to men's, these women writers sought to correct the discrimination against them. Their concern about the socially oppressed people can be understood in this context. Though silenced as a radical voice and ignored as minor writers for a long time, women writers of the 19th century should be reilluminated from the postcolonial viewpoint. They provide valuable assets to Romanticism as a newly found voice resisting the social ills and upholding the silent others in society.

액션러닝 프로그램의 핵심성공요인에 관한 연구 : 공무원 학습자를 중심으로

김형숙 ( Hyeong Suk Kim ),봉현철 ( Hyeong Choel Bong ),김봉광 ( Bong Gwang Kim ) 한국인력개발학회 2007 HRD연구 Vol.9 No.2

The Duchess of Malfi : Bosola's Tragedy

김봉광 경남정보대학 2001 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

노예제 담론과 여성의 글쓰기

강옥선,김봉광,이상우,홍옥숙 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol.48 No.4

This study aims at examining the anti-slavery discourse written by the early 19th-century women writers. Based on their own moral sensibility and Christian belief of non-Anglican Church, these early romantic women writers strongly advocated abolitionism and were involved in anti- slavery activities, such as writing pamphlets and joining anti-slavery groups. However, their writings have been ignored for a long time, overpowered by 'major' male writers of Romanticism. Thus this study tries to shed light on these women writers and discuss their importance in the literary history. The study will discuss why the anti-slavery discourse was an important issue among the women writers. In the late 18th century, women were beginning to recognize their inferior social status and naturally identified themselves with the slaves. The French Revolution which emphasized equality of humankind had strong impact on them. Mary Wollstonecraft and Helen Maria Williams experienced the Revolution in France and put their experiences into the writing advocating the rights of women and the socially weak people. Based on their religious belief, Hannah More and Ann Yearsley wrote poems attacking the slave trade. Their naive attitude toward Christianity, which tacitly approved slavery in spite of its belief in the equality of human beings, may be problematic. Their poems are significant, however, as an official beginning of antislavery discourse by women. Women poets' attack upon the slavery and advocation of the oppressed is further developed by poets such as Anna Barbauld, Helen Maria Williams and Amelia Opie. On the other hand, Harriet Martineau wrote an anti-slavery novel "Demerara." As a popular pamphlet writer of the time, Martineau was influential in the antislavery movement of the United States. "Demerara," written as a part of John Stuart Mill's Illustrations of Political Economy contains a scientific and systematic criticism of slavery. "Demerara"puts the colonized West Indies into the foreground of the novel and enlists the reasons the slavery should be abolished. In addition to the touching story of the hardships of a slave family, she analyzes the disadvantages of slavery in terms of political economy. Romantic women writers' anti-slavery writing ranging from poems to novel contains a distinctive voice different from that of male writers. Recognizing their social status inferior to men's, these women writers sought to correct the discrimination against them. Their concern about the socially oppressed people can be understood in this context. Though silenced as a radical voice and ignored as minor writers for a long time, women writers of the 19th century should be reilluminated from the postcolonial viewpoint. They provide valuable assets to Romanticism as a newly found voice resisting the social ills and upholding the silent others in society.

Why Does Isabel Archer Return to Her Husband? : The Institution of Marriage in The Portrait of a Lady 『귀부인의 초상』에 나타난 결혼제도

Kim, Bong-Gwang 새한영어영문학회 2000 새한영어영문학 Vol.42 No.2

헨리 제임즈의 소설『귀부인의 초상』결미에서 여주인공 이자벨 아처는 억압적인 남편과의 불행한 결혼생활을 계속하기로 결정한다. 이글은 소설 텍스트에 명시되지 않은 이자벨의 최종결정의 이유를 역사적인 접근방법을 사용하여 규명하고자 하는 시도이다. 그 과정에서 19세기 후반 영국의 결혼제도와 그에 관련된 문제들-성도덕, 이혼제도-이 당시 여성들에게 억압적이었다는 사실을 밝힌다. 19세기 후반 영국에서 결혼은 대부분의 여성들에게 선택사항이 아니고 실질적으로는 의무적인 행위였다. 그 이유는 산업화로 인해 18, 19세기 서구사회에서 여성의 노동에 대한 수요는 급격히 감소되었고 그 결과 경제력이 남성들에게 집중되어 남성들에게 의존하지 않고는 여성들은 생존하기가 어려웠기 때문이다. 그 결과 결혼은 개인의 애정의 결실이나 종족을 보존하는 수단이었을 뿐만 아니라 사회를 구성하는 기저단위인 가정에서 부인이 남편에게 종속됨으로써 사회적으로 가부장제를 강화하는 수단으로 가능하게 되는 결과를 낳았다. 게다가 19세기 영국 여성들은 이혼을 자유로이 할 수 없었다. 그 이유는 첫째, 이혼은 1857년에 "이혼법"이 통과될 때까지 제도적으로 금지되어 있었고 여성의 재산권도 1882년에 "기혼여성의 재산권에 관한 법"이 최종적으로 통과될 때까지 법적으로 제한되어 있었기 때문이다. 두 번째 이유는 당시 여성들의 결혼에 관한 의식은 낭만적 이상의 지배를 받았다는 것이다. 즉 한 여인은 자신의 운명적인 배우자와 평생을 같이해야 한다는 이데올로기에 종속되어 당시 여성들은 극단적으로는 이혼을 죄악시하기도 했다. 세 번째 이유는 정숙성을 여성의 최고의 덕목으로 설정했던 사회에서 여성들은 본능적인 성욕의 해소 대상을 제도적으로 용인된 배우자로 제한할 수 밖에 없었다. 이런 사회구조 속에서 진보적이고 독립적인 성향의 이자벨은 자신의 처녀 적 생각과는 달리 결혼할 수 밖에 없었고 남편과의 앞으로의 결혼생활이 결코 행복하지 않을 것이라는 것을 알면서도 남편에게 돌아가기로 결정하게 되는 것이다.