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정형외과 환자의 척추마취 후 체위변경 시간이 동통에 미치는 효과
김보열 병원간호사회 1996 임상간호연구 Vol.2 No.-
Since Bier and Matas started the spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia has been administered to many Patients. Spinal anesthesia is a common. Choice to operation on perineal and low abdominal area, lower extremities and c/s etc, and if can be used in case of renal or hepatic dysfunction or insufficient gastric empty time. Although spinal anesthesia is known as being much little risky than general anesthesia with little physical damage to patient, reported as complications such as headache, lumbago, dysurea etc. have been reported. Headache is reported as most common and severe complication in all that complications, and its incidence is reported from 3.4 up to 11% in different reports. About 2~25% of the patients administered to spinal anesthesia complained of lower back pain and a prolonged position without change on the operation table under spinal anesthesia and relaxation of paraspinal muscles and ligaments by the retractors are the proposed cause of lumbago. Clinically, patients administered to spinal anesthesia are advised to keep on supine postion for 12 hours generally. And they complained of back pain and difficulty in keeping on the same supine postion for such a long time. In fact, patients who neglected the advice to keep on the position and frequently changed their position seldom complained of headache. And this unexpected results make question to our nursing team that the nursing principles of keeping on same supine position for 12 hours described in literatures can be ineffective. For the objective evaluation about the question, we performed preliminary study. On the 16 patients who under went operation under spinal anesthesia from 1996 June to July. By recording subjective symptoms every 2 hours during 12 hours of bed resting after operation, and the results was revealed that complaint of back pain is 4 times more frequent than that of headache. Regarding that the orthopedic patients who underwent operation on lower extremies are usually administered to spinal anesthesia, our study was performed to reveal that there's no significant difference between 6 hours' bed resting and 12 hours' in patient's subjective symptoms for the purpose of promotion of the patient's comfort. 32 patients who underwent operation under spinal anesthesia in 3 orthopedic surgery unit in S. National university hospital from 1996 August to 1996 September. 16 patient's of experimental group were permitted to change their position after 6 hours from return to nursing unit. and 16 patients of control group, after 12 hours from return to nursing unit. Data was collected by scoring the severity of headache and lumbago on 15 point scale before position change, soon after, 2 hours, and four hours after position change. Collected data was analysed by means of percentage, t-test, Wilcoxon-test of SPSS program. Summerized result are follows 1. Comparison of severity of headache and lumbago between control group and experimental group before position change ;There was no significant difference in severity of headache between control and experimental group before position change p(<0.05) 0.207. ;There was no significant difference in severity of lumbago between control and experimental group before position change. p(<0.05) 0.495 2. Comparison of severity of headache and lumbago between control and experimental group after position change ;There was no significant difference in severity of headache soon after, 2 hours, 4 hours after position change. Each 9 value of them was 0.472, 0.189, 0.120 ;There was no significant difference in severity of lumbago soon after, 2 hours, 4 hours after position change. Each 9 value of them was 0.288. 0.556. 0.834 It has been a traditional principle in nursing that partients should keep on supine position with avoidence of head elevation during 24 hours after spinal anesthesia. But according to this study, we may try to permit patients to change their position even before 12 hours of keeping on their supine position after spinal anesthesia patients complained of severe lumbago during 12 hours of same position. So, shortening the time of same position to 6 hours could be helpful in resolving the discomfort of the patients. The result of this study Showed that the severity of lumbago between the control and experimental group is not significantly different. So, other, intervention like lumbar curvature roll application method etc. can be recommended in subsequent study.
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기계학습 기반의 메타모델을 활용한 ZnO 바리스터 소결 공정 최적화 연구
김보열,서가원,하만진,홍연우,정찬엽,Kim, Boyeol,Seo, Ga Won,Ha, Manjin,Hong, Youn-Woo,Chung, Chan-Yeup 한국결정성장학회 2021 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.31 No.6
ZnO 바리스터는 다결정구조를 가지는 반도체 소자로 결정립과 입계의 미세구조 제어를 통해 비선형적인 전류/전압 특성을 가지기 때문에 서지(surge)전압으로부터 회로를 보호하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 ZnO 바리스터에서 원하는 전기적 물성을 얻기 위해서는 소결 공정에서 미세구조의 제어가 중요하다. 따라서 소결 공정에서 중요한 변수들과 소결체의 전기적 물성인 유전율로 구성된 데이터셋을 정의한 후 실험계획법 기반으로 데이터를 수집했다. 수집된 실험데이터셋을 기계학습 알고리즘에 학습하여 메타모델을 개발했고, 개발된 메타모델에 수치기반 최적화 알고리즘인 HMA(Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm)를 적용하여 최대 유전율을 가질 수 있는 공정조건을 도출했다. 이러한 메타모델 기반의 최적화를 다변수 시스템인 세라믹공정에 적용한다면 최소한의 실험만으로 최적 공정조건 탐색이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. ZnO varistor is a semiconductor device which can serve to protect the circuit from surge voltage because its non-linear I-V characteristics by controlling the microstructure of grain and grain boundaries. In order to obtain desired electrical properties, it is important to control microstructure evolution during the sintering process. In this research, we defined a dataset composed of process conditions of sintering and relative permittivity of sintered body, and collected experimental dataset with DOE. Meta-models can predict permittivity were developed by learning the collected experimental dataset on various machine learning algorithms. By utilizing the meta-model, we can derive optimized sintering conditions that could show the maximum permittivity from the numerical-based HMA (Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm) optimization algorithm. It is possible to search the optimal process conditions with minimum number of experiments if meta-model-based optimization is applied to ceramic processing.
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Condenser의 溫度 變化에 依한 放射線 照射效果에 對한 硏究
金輔烈 大田工業專門學校 1978 論文集 Vol.22 No.-
The electric Characteristic of all the instruments and materials Used in atomic field is Changed due to radiation damge, by effects of radio activities. In this study, when the Condenser is Changed by quantity of irradiation and temperature s. Variations in its electric Characteristics have been investigated The following results are obtained. Capacitance and dissipation factor of the Condenger by quantity of irradiation and temperatures are increased but rather equivalent resistance and break down voltages are decreased.
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간호업무 수행에 대한 자가 및 상급자 평가가 직무 모티베이션과 간호업무 성과에 미치는 영향
김보열,박성애 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1999 간호학 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
The purpose of study is to examine the effect of the self and superior appraisal on the job motivation and performance of nursing practice. These subjects were divided into two groups by randomization, group is assigned by self-appraisal and superior appraisal group as the following steps. In the self-appraisal group (1) job motivation was measured before evaluating job performance, (2) self-appraisal on job performance (3) job motivation measured (4) self-appraisal on job performance after three months. In the superior appraisal group (1) job motivation was measured before evaluating job performance (2) superior appraisal on job performance (3) job motivation measured (4) superior appraisal on job performance after three months. The subjects were 185 staff nurses with under five-year work experience at 40 nursing units under the similar work condition university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected from these nurses from January 15 1998 to April 9 1998. for the motivation measurement, the Yang (1995)'s tool was used and for job performance measurement, Lee(1983)'s tool was used. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Cronbach's α, ANCOVA and pearson correlation. The corresponding results are as follows: 1. The significant difference of job motivation were observed in self-appraisal and superior appraisal on job performance after evaluating(t=10.15, p=0.0000). The mean score of motivation in self appraisal was 74.7, however, after evaluation the mean score was increased to 94.7. The mean score in superior appraisal was 77.0 before evaluating, and decreased to 75.6 after evaluating. 2. The significant difference of appraisal score were observed in self-appraisal and superior appraisal group on job performance(F=288.13, p=0.000). In the motivation score, the mean score of self-appraisal was increased from 159.9 before evaluating to 176.5 after evaluating, Also the mean score of superior appraisal was 148.9 before evaluating and 140.1 after evaluating. 3. The correlating in self-appraisal group(r=0.28, p=0.007) between job evaluating score and job motivating after evaluation was greater than superior appraisal group(r=-0.03, p=0.784). With summarization of the study, the result is concluded that self-appraisal leads superiority in job performance than superior appraisal. Thus self-appraisal prompts job performance with maximum productivity, and conducting the objection to perform natural features of organization where competent person has better credit. On the basis of the result of this study, the recommendations are as follows: 1. The long-term longitudinal study is necessary to observe the motivation affecting the job performance in self-appraisal group. 2. The study is necessary to analyze the effect of responsibility, achievement, and recognition in motivation. 3. Further study on self-appraisal in various group are necessary.
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김보열(Bo Yeal Kim),류수정(Soojung Ryu),이혁재(Hyuk-Jae Lee) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
Due to the growing interest in accelerating deep learning training, vector processors are becoming an essential element in deep learning accelerators. In this paper, unlike previous studies focused on matrix multiplication accelerator, the effect of the register file size in the vector processor on the performance of the entire accelerator was investigated. Results show that the vector processor with 16-entry register file can achieve the best energy efficiency for given workloads, which is 45% smaller and 53% power efficient compared to the 32-entry register file baseline architecture with same performance.
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김보열(Boyeoul Kim),이재천(Jaecheon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11
This paper suggests the practical method for designing anechoic chambers by investigating types of anechoic chambers for evaluating characteristics of antenna, shielding room, inner absorber and auxiliary facilities. The anechoic chamber for evaluating characteristics of far field antenna is designed to have a frequency bandwidth from 800 ㎒ to 18 ㎓ and quite zone of 0.5m distance. The path length was determined to be 4m by applying the equation of R?2D²/λ. The anechoic chamber is designed with a Panel Wood Enclosure; the skin depth (the width of the anechoic chamber) is determined by the equation δ=√1/πfμσ. The APM45(18 inch) absorber is applied to specular regions of both side walls, ceiling, and floor of the room where the greatest reflection occured as well as the back wall in the direction of the quite zone. The wall adjacent to the transmitting antenna is covered with APM20(8.3 inch) while all remaining surfaces are covered with APM30(12 inch). This is designed to minimize the amount of reflected energy at the quite zone. The design was validated by performing shielding tests in addition to measuring the amount of reflected energy. Through these test, it was shown that the design conforms to the industry standard for anechoic chambers.
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