복합식 공기청정기의 물리적 및 생물학적 입자상 물질의 제거 효과

김기연,김치년,김윤신,노영만,이철민,Kim, Ki-Youn,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Kim, Yoon-Shin,Roh, Young-Man,Lee, Cheol-Min 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.5

There was no significant difference in the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) between physical aerosols, NaCl and smoke, and biological aerosols, airborne MS2 virus and P. fluorescens, which implicate that the hybrid-type of air purifier, applying the unipolar ion emission and the radiant catalytic ionization, imposed identical reduction effect on both physical aerosol and bioaerosol. Ventilation decreases the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization because high ventilation diminishes the particle concentration reduction effect. The particle removal efficiency decreases with increase in the chamber volume because of the augmented ion diffusion and higher ion wall loss rate. Particle size affects the efficiency of air ionization. The efficiency is high for particles with very small diameter because reduction of charge increases with particle size. If there is no increasing supply of ions, the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization increases with respect to initial concentration of particles because of the large space charge effect at high particle concentration and amplified electric field.

젖소 사육에서 탄소 순환 체계에 관한 고찰 연구

김기연,고한종,김치호,최은규,김종구,유영선,김현태,Kim, Ki-Youn,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, Chi-Ho,Choi, Eun-Gyu,Kim, Joung-Ku,Ryou, Young-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Tae 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

젖소를 사육하는 유우농가 마을을 대상으로 선행 국내/외 문헌자료들에 대한 고찰을 통해 탄소 유입과 배출에 따른 각 부문별 발생량 원단위에 대한 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 1. 젖소 사육과정에서 탄소 유입에 대한 발생량 원단위는 젖소의 사료 섭취에 의한 탄소 유입(${\fallingdotseq}$ 5.9 ton C/head/year), 젖소 분뇨 퇴비를 초지로 환원시 탄소 유입(${\fallingdotseq}$ 2.3 ton C/head/year), 초지가 함유하고 있는 유기탄소(${\fallingdotseq}$ 318g C/$m^2$/year), 사료작물이 함유하고 있는 유기탄소(${\fallingdotseq}$ 145 g C/$m^2$/year) 및 광합성에의한 대기 중 $CO_2$의 초지 사료작물 흡수(${\fallingdotseq}$ 17 g C/$m^2$/year)로 정리할 수 있다. 2. 젖소 사육과정에서 탄소 배출에 대한 발생량 원단위는 젖소 호흡 및 트림에 의한 대기 중으로 $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 2,9 ton C/head/year), 젖소 분뇨내 유기탄소 분해에 의한 대기 중으로 $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 0.4 ton C/head/year), 초지에서 대기 중으로의 $CO_2$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 440 g C/$m^2$/year), 및 초지 내 유기탄소의 지하수 용출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 0)로 정리 할 수 있다. The first objective of this study is to estimate emission coefficient of organic carbon regarding its inflow and discharge for dairy farm through reviewing domestic and foreign literature published or reported previously. Its second objective is to provide fundamental data to establish carbon cycle system related to livestock production. Based on literature review, emission coefficients by inflow of organic carbon into dairy farm were 5.9 ton C/head/year for feedstuff ingestion by milk cow, 2.3 ton C/head/year for recycling manure compost of milk cow to grassland, 318 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in grassland, 145 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in fodder crop, and 17 g C/$m^2$/year for $CO_2$ uptake by fodder crop, respectively. on the other hand, emission coefficients by discharge of organic carbon from dairy farm were 2,9 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by respiration and burp of milk cow, 0.4 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by decomposition of organic carbon in manure of milk cow, 440 g C/$m^2$/year for emission of $CO_2$ from grassland, and 0 for elution of organic carbon in grassland into underground water, respectively.

환절기의 피부손질

김기연,Kim, Gi-Yeon 한국건강관리협회 1985 건강소식 Vol.9 No.3

액상 첨가제 살포 방법에 의한 밀폐형 돈사에서의 분진 저감 평가

김기연,고한종,김치년,Kim, K.Y.,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, C.N. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 지금까지 활용되었거나 새로이 제안된 액상 첨가제를 돈사에 살포하여 분진 농도의 경시적 변화를 관찰하여 제거 효과에 대해 객관적으로 비교 평가하기 위한 것으로 다음과 같은 결론들을 도출했다. 1. 살포 전 밀폐형 돈사내 분진 농도는 다른 연구자의 결과와 비교시 전반적으로 낮았다. 2. 온도의 경우는 살포 후 24시간까지 돈사 내부와 외부 큰 차이가 없었으나, 상대습도는 살포 후 1시간까지 증가하여 외부와 약 10% 가량의 차이를 보였다. 3. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들의 살포직후 분진 평균 저감율은 살포 전 농도 대비 약 30%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 살포 3시간 이후부터는 콩기름을 제외하고 다른 액상 첨가제들의 분진 농도에 대한 경시적 저감 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 5. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들 중 콩기름의 살포가 제거 효율성 및 안전성 측면 모두 돈사 분진 제어에 대해 가장 효과적인 첨가제였다. Appropriate air quality in the pig building is essential to prevent farmers' health as well as to increase pig performance. This on-site experiment was conducted to assess dust reduction efficiencies of several liquid additives with spaying method in the enclosed pig building. The mean reduction rate of total dust only after spray was approximately 30% for all the treatments compared to initial level before spraying additives, which was found to reduce the initial level of total dust significantly (p<0.05). The mean reduction rate of all the treatments at 1hr after spray was about 24% which was 6% lower than only after spray. Since 3hr after spray, however, total dust level were fluctuated variably for all the treatments besides application of the soybean oil. Based on this result, effect of soybean oil on dust reduction in the enclosed pig building was most prominent among liquid additives evaluated in terms of efficiency and duration.

담배 배양세포에서 인간 히스톤 단백질 H1.5의 발현

김기연,권석윤,송재영,이행순,곽상수,Kim, Kee-Yeun,Kwon, Suk-Yoon,Song, Jae-Young,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Kwak, Sang-Soo 한국식물생명공학회 2004 식물생명공학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Collagen에 의해 유도되는 류마티스 관절염을 저해하는 효과가 있는 인간 histone 단백질 Hl.5 (hHl.5)를 산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터에 연결하여 형질전환 담배(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) 배양세포주를 개발하였다. hH1.5 유전자는 Agrobacterium 매개 형질전환 방법으로 담배 BY-2 배양세포에 도입되었다. 형질전환 캘러스는 150mg/L kanamycin과 300mg/L claforan이 포함된 변형된 MS 선발배지에서 선발하여, PCR분석으로 hHl.5 유전자의 도입을 확인하였다. 형질전환 현탁배양세포에서 hH1.5 단백질의 발현은 northern 분석과 Western 분석으로 확인하였는데, 담배배양세포에서 재조합hHl.5 단백질 (42 kDa)은 인간의 것 (32 kDa)과는 다른 크기의 단백질이 확인되었다. 금후 재조합 hH1.5 단백질의 자세한 특성규명이 요구된다. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) cell lines expressing a human histone H1.5 (referred to as hH1.5), which suppress collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis, were developed under the oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter. Tobacco BY-2 cells were transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated method. The kanamycin-resistant calli were selected on the modified MS medium containing 150mg/L kanamycin and 300mg/L claforan. Transgenic cell lines were confirmed by PCR and northern blot analysis. Recombinant hH1.5 (rhH1.5) protein (42 kDa) was also detected by Western blot analysis, showing a different molecular weight of human hH1.5 (32 kDa). These results suggested that a hH1.5 gene was properly introduced in tobacco cultured cells under the control of SWPA2 promoter. The further characterization of rhH1.5 protein remains to be studied.

여성과 가을, 그리고 아름다운 피부

김기연,Kim, Gi-Yeon 한국건강관리협회 1985 건강소식 Vol.9 No.9

여심의 피부는 가을바람에 피어오른다 낙엽 내음을 싣고 오는 가을바람에 가슴은 설레이고, 만물은 활동을 주춤하는 9월. 그러나 가을바람과 밤낮의 심한 기온차의 심술은 여자의 아름다움을 창조하고자 하는 마음을 시샘하며, 여심의 가슴에 응어리를 만든다.

서울시 일부 지하철역 내 분포하는 부유 세균 및 입자상 오염물질 평가

김기연,박재범,김치년,이경종,Kim, Ki-Youn,Park, Jae-Beom,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Kyung-Jong 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4

In activity areas of subway workers and passengers in Seoul metropolitan subway lines 1-4, mein concentrations of airborne bacteria were relatively higher in workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas concentrations of particulate matters, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in platform, inside train and driver's seat as compared with other activity areas. This result indicates that little correlation between airborne bacteria and particulate matters was found, which assumed that most airborne particulate matters distributed in subway consisted of mainly inorganic dust like a metal particles. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in station precinct and platform exceeded the threshold limit value ($PM_{10}:150{\mu}g/m^3,\;PM_{2.5}:65{\mu}g/m^3$) but those in station office and ticket office were below it. The genera identified in all the activity areas of subway over 5% detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium, of which Staphylococcus and Micrococcus covered over 50% of total airborne bacteria and were considered as predominant genera distributed in subway.

가축분뇨 자원화시설에서 발생되는 암모니아와 황화수소의 계절별 현장 평가

김기연,Kim, Ki Youn 한국축산환경학회 2015 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The objective of this study is to measure the levels of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock manure composting facility according to seasonal condition. Mean concentrations of ammonia in livestock manure composting facility were 84.3 (${\pm}15.2$) ppm for spring, 115.2 (${\pm}34.7$) ppm for summer, 76.2 (${\pm}18.9$) ppm for autumn, and 38.1 (${\pm}10.4$) ppm for winter, respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, the seasonal levels of ammonia in livestock manure composting facility were highest in summer followed by autumn, spring and winterroom (p<0.05). Mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in livestock manure composting facility were 7.46 (${\pm}2.24$) ppm for spring, 9.42 (${\pm}2.82$) ppm for summer, 8.15 (${\pm}3.06$) ppm for autumn, and 10.18 (${\pm}4.11$) ppm for winter, respectively. The livestock manure composting facility showed the highest levels of hydrogen sulfide in winter followed by summer, autumn and spring. However, there was no significant difference of hydrogen sulfide concentration among seasons (p>0.05). 본 연구의 목적은 가축분뇨 자원화시설에서 배출되는 주요 악취물질을 대상으로 계절별 현장 방문 조사를 통해 전반적인 악취발생 현황을 파악하고 가축분뇨 자원화시설 운용시 효율적으로 적용될 수 있는 악취 저감대책을 설정하기 위한 기초 데이터 구축이다. 횡형 로터리 (Rotary) 교반방식의 퇴비화시설 내부의 암모니아 발생 농도는 봄철은 84.3 (${\pm}15.2$) ppm, 여름철은 115.2 (${\pm}34.7$) ppm, 가을철은 76.2(${\pm}18.9$) ppm, 겨울철은 38.1 (${\pm}10.4$) ppm으로 측정되었다. 분석 결과 여름철이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 가을철 > 봄철 > 겨울철인 것으로 조사되었다 (p<0.05). 반면 황화수소 발생 농도는 봄철은 7.46(${\pm}2.24$) ppm, 여름철은 9.42 (${\pm}2.82$) ppm, 가을철은 8.15 (${\pm}3.06$) ppm, 겨울철은 10.18 (${\pm}4.11$) ppm으로 측정되었다. 분석 결과 겨울철이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 여름철 > 가을철 > 봄철인 것으로 조사되었으나, 계절별 통계적 차이는 유의하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다 (p>0.05).

여름철 그을린 피부손질

김기연,Kim, Gi-Yeon 한국건강관리협회 1985 건강소식 Vol.9 No.8

불타는 태양은 우리와 함께하고 여름의 낭만이 우리를 손짓하지만 여름의 낭만이 우리를 손짓하지만 여름을 맞이한 피부는 높은 기온과 강한 자외선으로 피지 분비가 많아지고 피부내 자연보습성분인 NMF와 수분이 감소되어, 피부는 거칠어 집니다.

유기성 폐기물 자원화 시설에서 발생되는 부유 세균의 분포 특성

김기연,고한종,김대근,Kim, Ki-Youn,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, Dae-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Bioaerosols released by treating organic-waste resources cause a variety of environmental and hygiene problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution characteristics of the airborne bacteria emitted from a pig manure composting plant, a principal site for organic-waste resource facilities. Methods: Three types of pig manure composting plant were selected based on fermentation mode: screw type, rotary type and natural-dry type. Each site was visited and investigated on a monthly basis between September 2009 and August 2010. A total of 36 air samplings were obtained from the pig manure composting plants. The air sampling equipment was a six-stage cascade impactor. Quantification and qualification of airborne bacteria in the air samples was performed by agar culture method and identification technique, respectively. Results: The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in pig manure composting plant were 7,032 (${\pm}1,496$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for screw type, 3,309 (${\pm}1,320$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for rotary type, and 5,580 (${\pm}1,106$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for natural dry type. The screw type pig manure composting plant showed the highest concentration of airborne bacteria, followed by the natural dry type and the rotary type. The ratio of respirable to total airborne bacteria was approximately 40-60%. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia spp. Conclusion: Monthly levels of airborne bacteria were highest in August and lowest in November regardless of fermentation mode. There was no significant correlation relationship between airborne bacteria and environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and particulate matters in pig manure composting plants.