NaOh 처리 볏짚 급여시 축우의 성장능력 및 생리적 상태에 미치는 효과

강태홍,이상철,탁태영,김강식,황의경 ( T . H . Kang,S . C . Lee,T . Y . Thak,K . S . Kim,I . K . Hwang ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.7

This experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of sodium hydroxide spray treatment and to know whether the physiological changes occur, when spray treated rice straw was fed to cattle during long-term period. Fifteen male Holstein cattle weighing about 200 ㎏ were randomly assigned to three treatments (untreated, 5% NaOH and 10% NaOH treated), Daily weight gain was slightly but not significantly increased by the 5% sodium hydrorcide treatment, bur decreased by the 10% sodium hydroxide treatment. Feed utilizations were improved by the sodium hydroxide treatments and it would be explained by the reduced daily DM intake. Serum Na and K levels were not increased by either 5% or 10% sodium hydroxide treatments of rice straw, There were no consistent or significant changes in the serum concentrations of other minerals betwesn untreated and sodium hydroxide-treated rice straw fed groups. Although plasma bicarbonate concentrations were elevated by the sodium hydroxide treatment, metabolic alkalosis was unlikely to be generated. Total VFA concentrations in the rumens were slightly increased but not significantly different by the sodium hydroxide treatments.

소 도체등급 기준설정에 관한 연구 1 . 품종 및 성별 도체특성 및 해체성적

김용곤(Y . K . Kim),한수현(S . H . Han),김동훈(D . H . Kim),이영진(Y . J . Lee),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.8

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic data for establishing the beef carcass grade in Korea. Characteristics of beef carcass were examined by breed and sex from 1984 to 1986. The results are as follows: 1. Dressing percentage was highest in pure beef breeds (60.7%) and lowest in Holstein (57,3%). 2. K × H crossbred was highest in percentages of dressed meat and retailed cuts and Holstein in bone. Korean native cattle and pure beef breeds were higher than Holstein in trimmed fat. 3. Percentages of dressing, dressed meat and retailed cuts were lower in female than male, while bone and trimmed fat were higher in female. It appears that female cattle has lower beef productivity than male.

Italian ryegrass 의 파종비율이 혼파초지의 수량 및 식생비율에 미치는 영향

김동암,강태홍( D . A . Kim,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1974 한국축산학회지 Vol.16 No.2

An experiment was carried oat to determine the effect of different seeding rates of Italian ryegrass on the dry matter yield and botanical composition of Ladino clover orchardgrass mixtures over a period of twelve months. Six different seed mixtures which contained 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ㎏ of Italian ryegrass with constant rates of orchardgrass and Ladino clover per 10 a were sown in the autumn, 1972. 1. At the first and second cuttings, the total dry matter yield of pasture species and also the yield of Italian ryegrass increased with increase in the seeding rate of Italian ryegrass, whereas the yields of orchardgrass, Ladino clover and weeds decreased. 2. At the third and fourth cuttings, the seeding rate of Italian ryegrass had no effect on the total yield of pasture species due to a trend towards depression in Italian ryegrass yield. The yields of orchardgrass and weeds, however, decreased with increase in the seeding rate of Italian ryegrass, but the yield of Ladino clover increased. 3. Over the experimental period, the increase in total dry matter yield of pasture species was proportional to increase of Italian ryegrass seeding rate, whereas the yields of orchardgrass and weeds were not proportional. 4. At the final stage of the experiment, the botanical composition of orchardgrass decreased with increase in the seeding rate of Italian ryegrass, whereas the composition of Ladino clover increased. 5. As the results of total dry matter yield of pasture species over the experimental period and of the botanical composition at the final stage, it is suggested that sow ing Italian ryegrass at the lower seeding rates, such as 0.3 and 0.5 ㎏ per 10 a is more advantageous than the higher seeding rates, such as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ㎏ and also where no Italian ryegrass is added.

가성소다 암모니아처리가 볏짚의 사료가치 증진에 미치는 효과

신기준,강태홍,차영호,김강식 ( K . J . Shin,T . H . Kang,Y . H . Cha,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Two digestive trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of alkali-treatment (NaOH or NH₃) on digestibility and intake of rice straw. In digestion trial I, rice straw was treated with NaOH and NH₃; (1) untreated rice straw, (2) rice straw was chopped and sprayed with 4% NaOH, (3) rice straw was chopped and sprayed with 4% NaOH and pelleted, (4) rice straw was treated by NH₃. Four sheep were assigned to four treated rice straws according to the 4x4 latin square design. In digestion trial II, each four sheep were assigned to untreated rice straw and 3% NH₃ treated rice straw. NH₃ treatment increased crude protein content from 4.47 to 12.65% (P$lt;0.01) but slightly decreased NFE. NaOH treatment did not improve the chemical contents of rice straw except crude ash. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber were significantly increased by NH₃ treatment while NaOH treatment increased only the digestibility of crude fiber. Cell wall content (ADF, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Cellulose, Silica) was slightly decreased by NH₃ treatment although not significant. Rice straw consumption was increased by NaOH and NH₃ treatment as well as pelleting treatment, powever no statistical significance was found (P$gt;0.05).

대사시험에 의한 한우성빈우 ( 韓牛成牝牛 ) 유지시 양분요구량에 관한 연구

탁태영,강태홍,김강식 ( T . Y . Thak,T . H . Kang,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.2

To estimate the energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Korean Native Cattle, balance experiments of nitrogen and energy have been conducted and the results are compared with those of other breeds in foreign countries and discussed. Series of trials were conducted feeding on maintenance amounts of the Korean Native Cow fed rice straw and hay as a major feeds. These cows were all dry and non-pregnant Korean Native Cow aged from 3 to 9 years. 1. While the average daily nitrogen excreted per metabolic body size (.㎏0.75) per day on 5th and 6th days of fasting was 360.845㎎ (average of 28 trials), and the average fasting heat production of 28 cases on the lying basis per ㎏0.75 per day was 54.32 ㎉. 2. The maintenance requirements of protein per metabolic body size would be sufficient at the amount of 2.26g DCP and 4.85g CP. 3. The ranges of energy loss expressed as the percentage for the gross intake in feces, urine, methane and heat production was 50.68, 1.64, 6.01 and 36.40%, respectively. 4. Net energy (BMR), metabolizable energy, digestible energy and TDN were 54.3, 85.59, 101.34㎉ and 26.53g per ㎏ 0.75 and were 4.40, 6.93, 8.20㎉ and 2.15 ㎏ per 350㎏ of body weight, respectively. 5. From the results of balance and feeding experiments, the average dry matter intake was 62.30g per ㎏ 0.75, corresponding to 1.4% for body weight.

젖소 육성비육우에 (育成肥育牛) 대한 가성소다처리 볏짚 펠렛 이용 및 사료가치에 관한 연구

배동호,탁태영,강태홍,김강식 ( Dong Ho Bae,Tae Young Tak,Tae Hong Kang,Kang Sik Kim ) 한국낙농학회 1981 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

알팔파의 사료가치연구 1 . 알팔파 가공시 영양가 변화에 관한 연구

차영호,문철성,강태홍,김강식 ( Y . H . Cha,C . S . Moon,T . H . Kang,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.8

In order to investigate feed values due to processing form of alfalfa, this study was carried out with 4 heads of sheep and Korean Native Cattle, respectively, for pellet, cube and hay of alfalfa imported in the year of 1984 and 1988. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Proximate composition Crude protein content was highest(24.66) in cube but lowest(17.60%) in pellet. crude fiber content was 29.0 and 17.82%, respectively, in pellet and cube, but NFE contents similar in all forms. 2. Cell wall constituent content ADF and NDF contents were 49.42 and 37.41%, respectively. in pellet but 31.15 and 22.03%, in cube. 3. Amino acid and mineral composition Contents of cystine and methioine were lowest in all forms. Ca, P and K were similar in all forms. Na content(%) was highest(0.45) in hay but lowest(0.05) in pellet. 4. Digestibility and digestible nutrientIn order to investigate feed values due to processing form of alfalfa, this study was carried out with 4 heads of sheep and Korean Native Cattle, respectively, for pellet, cube and hay of alfalfa imported in the year of 1984 and 1988. Digestibilities and nutrient values were high in cube. Dry mater digestibility and TDN value were 67.06 and 62.51%, respectively, in cube and 55.76 and 55.65% in pellet. 5. Because nutrient values of alfalfa are varied according to cutting stages and cultivating area such as above results, It is required to utilize alfalfa with evaluating exact feed components of alfalfa and considering feed cost between alfalfa and others.

한우비육시 사료급여수준이 에너지이용효율에 미치는 영향

탁태영,이상철,강태홍,김강식 ( T . Y . Thak,S . C . Lee,T . H . Kang,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.6

In order to investigate the influence of feeding level on the efficiency of energy utilization in fattening of Korean native cattle, a metabolic experiment was carried out with four mature Korean native cows by Latin square method. After determining 1.5㎏ mixed hay and 2.6㎏ concentrate mixture as the amounts for maintenance, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 times of the amounts of maintenance were calculated and fed to each of cattle successively by the feeding schedules. The regression equations between the energy intake and the proportion of energy deposited were made. The results above suggested 249.7 Kcal ME and 136.1Kcal net ME per metabolic body size daily should be fed to maximize the proportion of ME deposition and net ME deposition. At this point daily DM intake was about 2.2% of body weight.

돼지의 도체등급 관한 연구 2 . 돼지도체의 거래정육율 추정에 관한 연구

김용곤,주선태,정숙근,김병철,강태홍 ( Y . K . Kim,S . T . Joo,S . K . Jong,B . C . Kim,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.12

This study was conducted to determine the estimating equations for retail cuts percentage of pork carcass by grading machines and manual measurement with 160 hogs. Carcass grading machines used were Destron Pork grader-100(PG) and Danish Fat-O-Meat`er(FOM), and the summarized results are as follows; l. The carcass weight and carcass length showed negative correlation(r=-0.23, -0.19, respectively) with retail cuts percentage. 2. Among average of two site measurements, the average of backfat thickness at 11-12th ribs and last ribs showed the highest correlation with retail cuts percentage. 3. Average of three site measurements showed lower correlation with retail cuts percentage than average of two site measurements. 4. Conclusively, the estimating equations for retail cuts percentage by measurement methods were Y=77.60-0.003(Hot carcass weight) -4.46(Backfat thickness) for Handling, Y=73.97+0.011(Hot carcass weight) -0.60(Backfat thickness) +0.09(Muscle depth) for PG and Y=74.58+0.022(Hot carcass weight)-0.69(Backfat thickness) +0.07(Muscle depth) for FOM, respectively.

사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

오운용(W . Y . Oh),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김동철(D . C . Kim),진신흠(S . H . Jin),홍성귀(S . K . Hong),양승주(S . J . Yang),정재홍(J . H . Jung) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.