19세기말~20세기초 티베트의 군주론의 변용

박장배(Park Jang-Bae) 동북아시아문화학회 2009 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.20

논문 : 근현대 중국의 역사교육과 중화민족 정체성 1 -민국시대의 민족 통합문제를 중심으로-

박장배 ( Jang Bae Park ) 한국중국근현대사학회(구 중국근현대사학회) 2003 중국현대사연구 Vol.19 No.-

아동해관의 설치와 티베트측의 대응

박장배 ( Jang Bae Park ) 한성사학회 2002 한성사학 Vol.15 No.-

근현대 중국의 역사교육과 中華民族 정체성 1

朴章培(Park, Jang-bae) 중국근현대사학회 2003 중국근현대사연구 Vol.19 No.-

근현대 중국의 역사교육과 中華民族 정체성 2 : 중화인민공화국 시대의 민족 통합문제를 중심으로

朴章培(Park Jang-bae) 중국근현대사학회 2003 중국근현대사연구 Vol.20 No.-

This essay is prepared to study the history educations and the effects in People's Republic of China(PRC). Chinese state of PRC used the history educations as one of the main systems for nation-building. Chinese school teachers say that patriotism is a permanent subject of the history educations. This common sense has a problem, because the contents of the patriotism is always changed. The history educations of PRC also is changed. In the early period of PRC the main concept of the history educations was the Socialist Revolution. It was just the mean of the national unification. After the open door of PRC, the 'pluralistic one-body(多元一體)' conception appered. The focus of the history educations of PRC was transformed from the class struggle to 'Zhonghua minzu(中華民族), nationalism. After the open door of PRC, the history of 'minority nationalities' was descried as the Chinese history in the school history textbook. So the traditional China became bigger. This paper tiger is now the frame of the history educations of PRC. This concept is also applied to the paper money and films, for example the fifth set of Renminbi and the film of the Red River Valley.

근대 캄 ( Khams ) 지역의 변화를 통해서 본 중국과 티베트의 관계

박장배(Jang Bae Park) 중국근대사학회 2000 근대중국연구 Vol.1 No.-

티베트 민족 문제의 역사적 궤적

박장배(Park Jangbae) 역사비평사 2008 역사비평 Vol.- No.85

The characteristic cognition of Tibetan national problem breeds the special nationality policy. Tibetan and Chinese people have the different Identities. They are historically constructed realities. Tibetan people have had regarded Tibetan Plateau as their home since 7th century. And They have seen themself buddhist. Tibetan people conceived the modern national consciousness on that foundation. According to their vision, they raised their voice like march 2008. Han Chinese leaders, for example, Liang QiQiao thought out the One China concept at first half of 20th Century. The One China concept consist of two part, namely One Nation and One State. Most of the Tibetan people disagreed that concept or didn't know that. So, Republican China government couldn't set lip the Province, and Communist China government didn't set up it, but do Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR). TAR system is the representative solution to the Tibetan National Problem at present.

20세기 전반기 티베트의 민족 인식과 국가 형성

박장배(Park, Jangbae) 동양사학회 2018 東洋史學硏究 Vol.143 No.-

Tibet began to form modern nationalism since the late 19th century, and with the weakening of Qing Empire, the movement to establish a "Tibetan state" expanded. In particular, after the Republican Revolution of 1911, the Dalai Lama government of Tibet conducted national activities to complete an independent Buddhist state just like the Outer Mongolia. Mostly, the Republic of China and Tibet competed for the completion of "one China" and "one Tibet" respectively. Overall, the center of Tibet in the first half of the 20th century remained largely in the hands of the British forces or buffer zones. In the meantime, Tibet was Insufficiently but partially transformed into a modern state, and in some periods, it had undergone major changes in the military and education sectors. In the first half of the 20th century, the Republic of China played an important role in the formation of national identity and formation of national consciousness in Tibet. The notion of region and ethnicity, both incompatible with each other, existed. Chinese nationalism grew in a confrontation with Japanese imperialism since the Manchuria Incident(1931), and in 1945 it finally reached the primary goal of the nationalism of the expulsion of foreign powers. The collapse of the Japanese empire once again raised the issue of the choice of Tibet to China or its own existence. The Tibetan National History is proof of the existence of Tibetan nationalism, but in the first half of the 20th century, Tibet did not have a full-fledged modern historical narrative. It did not mean that Tibetan people did not have their own eyes of the Tibetan National History. Tibetan nationalism also had a historical example of its national heros and experiences, and emphasized some elements as needed. This paper focuses on the historical mural paintings of Norbulingka Palace which can be considered as the highlight of Tibetan historical mural paintings. It can be seen that the Tibetan people had formed a historical awareness of maintaining their own independent Buddhist civilized state. However, it can be said that the modern history narrative appeared relatively slowly.

만철 조사부의 확장과 조사 내용의 변화

박장배(Park Jangbae) 중국근현대사학회 2009 중국근현대사연구 Vol.43 No.-

Japanese Imperialism have organized the Mantetsu to Control the Manchuria in November 1906. The Mantetsu have had three essential part, that is the Railway and Coal Main and Research Wing. This is prepared for the Expansion of the Mantetsu Research Wing and the Changes of the Key Contents on Investigation. The Investigation Operations are the Method of breaking the Ignorance and incorrect Intelligence, are the common Activity of every State. Specially, the overall Informations and Top Secrets are important. Investigation Process is the Process of making the Established Intellectual Practices. First of all, the Using of the Scientific Method was the Established Intellectual Practices from the West. Between the objective Investigation and Japanese Slogan 'Peace of East', there was a broad gap. The Organization of the Mantetsu Research Wing was the Combination of Bureaucrats and Scholars. The Agents of the Mantetsu Research Wing were the Elite Group in Japan's Society. They made the Investigation Plan, the main dynamic of the Changes of the Contents were the Change of Situation in China. There were a lot of Criticisms about the Investigation of Items and Contents. But Investigation is needed, because Investigation make so many values added. Investigation make the new Established Intellectual Practices. It ultimately intends to Pax Japonica. Between the ultimate Objects and Realities were so big gap.

‘新中國’의 티베트 정책

박장배(Park Jang-bae) 중국근현대사학회 2008 중국근현대사연구 Vol.39 No.-

Tibetan uprising happened around Tibetan region in march 2008. It suggests the policies for Tibet of the People' s Republic of China have the characteristics and weaknesses. In fact, all concerned including PRC and the Tibetan government in exile have the very different point of views about Tibetan problems. Also, General Policy for Tibet in "New China" was comprehended in different ways, for example, success and failure. General Policy for Tibet in "New China" is divided in two periods, that is, first period(l949~1979) and second period(l980~). General Policy of a basic framework is the policy as a regional autonomy of minority nationalities. On the this framework, General Policy for Tibet in first period is almost the adaptation to circumstances, but the ruling power had the strong ideolgy. This situation made the fatal conflicts. General Policy in first period is more military policy than the political one. Policies for Tibet is almost one of the proper nouns like the Northest Project and The Western Great Development Strategy. There is no Autonomous Province that the forum like the forum on Tibetan work is held. General Policy for Tibet of the counterparts is mainly the Tibetan people and the 14th Dalai Lama's Tibetan government in exile and the United States of America. We also need more the 'seeking truth grounded on concrete evidence' about the subject.