위치정보의 보호 및 이용 등에 관한 법률의 구체적 해석론과 개선방안

오병철 ( Oh Byoung Cheol ) 연세법학회 2017 연세법학 Vol.29 No.-

The Location Data Act is a globally unique law that Korea legislated unprecedentedly. The Location Data Act is aimed at the balanced protection and utilization of location data, but in practice it is criticized to be weighted towards the protection of location data. Especially, it is pointed out that the robust legal protection also applies to location data of simple objects that are irrelevant to human privacy. Location data service business is distinctively classified into two categories: Location data business that collects coordinates directly from the subjects of the location data and location based service business that takes location data from the location data business operators to provide a service. The arrival of the IoT environment has caused greater importance of location data and increased necessity for location data service. It is questionable whether the current location data business system that is based on thorough consent is suited for the IoT environment. The present strict regulation on location data with no close relation with personal information, in particular, should be eased to a minimal degree. Through the deregulation, the objective of the Location Data Act to balance between the protection and utilization of location data will be wholly achieved.

기여분과 유류분의 관계에 관한 연구

오병철(Oh Byoung Cheol) 한국가족법학회 2017 가족법연구 Vol.31 No.1

The recent decision of the Supreme Court caused an academic debate on the issue of whether to deduct the contributory portion when assessing a reserve. Especially, the stand of the prejudication to disregard the contributory portion for the reserve assessment even when the contributory portion was previously determined through an agreement ora trial has called multiple criticisms. With a set contributory portion, the contributory portion should be deducted from the reserve for following reasons: ① The clause 2-1 of Article 1008 defines a deducted contributory portion as an inherited property. ② ‘Net shares in succession’ should be based on ‘definitive shares in succession’ when assessing a reserve, and ‘definitive shares in succession’ of an inheritor that is not a right holer of the contributory portion does not include the contributory portion. ③ In the case when the amount of the contributory portion is fixed, it is not impossible to reflect this to or deduct from the reserve assessment. ④ The German Civil Code takes a stand that deduct the contributory portion for the reserve assessment, and thus it is not essentially or logically unjust to deduct the contributory portion. Under the current law, however, it is not easy to deduct the contributory portion when a reserve is assessed without the amount of the contributory portion fixed. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the system to deduct the contributory portion from the assessed reserve, through the following revision proposals. ① The clause 2-4 of Article 1008 is derived from Japanese court administration and is not necessary. ② Eliminate the clause 2-4 of Article 1008 to enable separation of claim of contributory portion and the claim of partition of inheritance estate. ③ Allow the claim of partition of inheritance estate no earlier than the fixation of the contributory portion, allow concurrent application of the claim of partition of inheritance estate and claim of contributory portion, and prohibit claim of contributory portion once the inherited property is divided. ④ Regulate the claim of restoration to reserve to follow only after the inherited property is partitioned, in order to legislatively assess accurate ‘Net shares in succession’ in claim of restoration to reserve. ⑤ Reassign the contributory portion, partition of inheritance estate, and reserve to the jurisdiction of the Family Court. Through the stated theory of analysis and legislation, operation of the contributory portion, partition of inheritance estate, and reserve will be possible.

전자학습 디지털콘텐츠의 이용자 보호

오병철(Oh Byoung Cheol) 한국정보법학회 2009 정보법학 Vol.13 No.1

전자학습은 이용자의 범위확대, 공익성, 계속적 / 지속적 접속관계의 특성을 갖고 있으므로 다른 디지털콘텐츠의 이용자 보호와는 구별되어야 한다. 현재의 법규는 이러한 특성을 전혀 반영하지 못하고 있으므로, 어떠한 형태로든 전자학습의 특성을 고려한 이용자보호의 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 먼저 청약철회권과 관련하여서는 이용을 개시하지 않은 이상 언제든지 기간제한 없이 청약철회권이 인정되어야 할 것이다. 이용자의 사유로 인한 해지도 허용되어야 하며, 이때에는 이용한 비율에 따라 이용료를 감액하고 10%이내의 위약금을 부담시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이용자의 사유로 인한 이용정지도 또한 허용되며, 1년 이내의 기간 내에서 이용을 재개할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 계약해지시 기수령한 사은품의 경우에 미사용한 경우라면 원물을 반환하되 반환이 불가능한 경우라면, 동종 물건의 시중가격을 반환하여야 할 것이다. 만약 사용한 경우라면 사은품의 반환과 더불어 사용기간의 비율에 사은품의 가격을 곱한 액수만큼 추가지급하여야 할 것이다. 접속불가의 경우 사용자의 귀책사유가 있는 경우에만 책임을 부과하되, 사전에 고지되지 않은 경우에는 4시간 이상 서비스 불능시에만, 불능시간에 해당하는 이용요금에 3배를 배상하고, 사전에 고지된 경우에는 10시간 이상 서비스 불능시에만 불능시간에 해당하는 이용요금에 3배를 배상시켜야 할 것이다. 다만 사전에 고지하더라도 최장 7일을 초과할 수 없다고 규정해야 할 것이다. 끝으로 이용후 품질불만의 경우에는 현행 법제도상으로는 특별한 구제수단이 없으며, 시장기능에 맡겨야 할 것이다. The e-learning has a lot of characters as an expansion of user, public interest and continual / continuous access. So it may be regulated with distinction of other digital contents. For an operative law has no provisions related to characteristics of e-learning, the consumer protection measure under consideration of that should be constructed at any form of regulation. (i) A consumer has a cooling-off right without a time limit before streaming or downloading contents. (ii) If a consumer cancel a contract after streaming or downloading them, the service provider has to return fees deducting portional fees and 10% a penal sum. (iii) A consumer can suspend to use e-learning up to 1 year. (iv) A unused bonus gift must be returned at cancellation or cooling-off right but a used bonus gift also be returned with compensation that can be estimated with portional rate of a price of that. (v) The dissatisfaction of e-learning is not regal problem but marketability.

유류분 부족액의 구체적 산정방법에 관한 연구

오병철(Byoung Cheol Oh) 한국가족법학회 2006 가족법연구 Vol.20 No.2

  The calculation of legally secured portion is a significant factor for restoration of legally secured portion but it remains unsolved question in family law theory. The purpose of this paper is a suggestion of the concrete formulas for calculation of legally secured portion under variable situation for example extra special gift, specific testamentary gift and share in succession based on contribution.<BR>  At the point of theoretical issue, the conclusion is ① gift over 1 year before death that gave co-successor refused succession is excluded from basic property for legally secured portion, if he refuses succession, ② specific testamentary gift to the third is excluded from net shares in succession, ③ share in succession based on contribution is excluded from basic property for legally secured portion.<BR>  The suggested formula in this paper is;<BR>  ① amount of restoration of legally secured portion = amount of legally secured portion - net shares in succession<BR>  ② amount of legally secured portion = (presented property at death - share in succession based on contribution + various kind of gift<exclusive of gift over 1 year before death that gave co-successor refused succession> - all of inherited debt) × personal rate of succession exclusive of co-successor refused succession × rate of legally secured portion<BR>  ③ net shares in succession = (presented property at death - share in succession based on contribution - extra special testamentary gift to co-successor - specific testamentary gift to the third + gift and legacy to co-successor not received extra gift - all of inherited debt) × personal rate of succession exclusive of co-successor refused succession + share in succession based on contribution<if he is a right holder>

유언을 뒤늦게 발견한 경우의 법률관계

오병철(OH, Byoung-Cheol) 한국가족법학회 2014 가족법연구 Vol.28 No.1

It is very important for an heir or interested parties to know the existence of a will. There is no system that enables the heir or interested parties to be aware of the existence of a will in Korean civil law. Thus, it is possible to find a will after proceeding an intestate succession without the awareness of the existence of a will for a long period of time. When an intestate succession is proceeded without knowing the existence of a will, a complex problem may occur in the case of ① period of filing an action of denial of paternity by will, ② comprehensive gift or real estate by will, ③ specific gift by will, ④ designation of a method for division of succession, and ⑤ prohibition of division of succession. In this research, following conclusions are drawn. In legal theory, followings conclusion are suggested: necessity ① to limit a period of filing a denial of paternity to up to two years after the date a will was completed, ② to disable a request for the recovery of inheritance of a person who receives specific gift by will if comprehensive gift by will is found over 10 years after the death of the testator, ③ to oblige an executor of will to bear liability of compensation without fault by incurring original claim of family law in spite of the contractual effect of specific gift by will, ④ to acknowledge the effect of a partition by agreement for every heir when the partition is proceeded without knowing the designation of division of succession or prohibition on division of succession by will. Finally, legislatively, I proposed ① to allow transfer of an equal real right to specific gift by will as comprehensive gift by will, and ② to introduce a register of will. Besides, I also presented theory of legislation that establishes ③ the starting point of reckoning for denial of paternity by a will, ④ responsibility for impossibility of performance of specific gift by will, ⑤ force of a will to designate a method for division of succession, and ⑥ effect of partition by agreement against prohibition of division of succession in the civil code.

파일공유시스템과 검색엔진에 대한 차별적 시각의 비교고찰

오병철(Oh Byoung Cheol) 한국정보법학회 2011 정보법학 Vol.12 No.2

Through the long-time legal action for Sori-bada, the courts have a negative preconception that P2P is a technology for substantial infringing use. On the contrary, a positive preconception that search engine is a neutral technology for substantial non-infringing use and public interest is shaped. This discriminative treatment is obviously revealed for recent two cases which are what people call Sori-bada case and Twist-Kim case. From the point of view of technology, there is no fundamental difference between P2P and search engine. The conclusion is not that the courts have also a negative preconception to the search engine, but that they make an indiscriminate application of law P2P. The nature of a technology is not determined by it’s originator, actually the direction of evolution of technology is made up by a practical application of users. What is a responsibility of it’s originator for a infringing application of the technology by users is a very sensitive matter in the law and technology. It is criticized as retrogression to responsibility for bad result without a fault that P2P operator should be born contributory liability for infringing adaptation of users without a profound consideration of a direction of evolution of technology. 오랜 기간 이어진 소송과정을 통해서 우리 법원은 P2P프로그램은 본질적으로 침해적인 용도의 기술이라는 부정적인 선입견을 형성한 것으로 생각된다. 반면에 검색엔진에 대해서는 정반대로 본질적으로 비침해적이고 공공성있는 중립적인 기술이라는 긍정적인 예단을 형성하고 있다고 판단된다. 최근의 두 사건을 통해 이러한 차별적 시각은 명백히 드러났다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 차별적 시각이 근거하고 있는 기술을 고려해보면, 양자 간에 결정적인 차이가 존재하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 검색엔진에도 P2P프로그램과 같은 부정적 시각을 가지라는 것이 아니라, P2P프로그램에 대해서도 부정적 선입견을 버리고 검색엔진과 동일한 규범적 판단기준을 적용하는 것이 필요하다는 점을 강조한다. 기술은 원시적 고안자가 그 본질을 결정하기 보다는 이용자가 활용을 통해 진화의 방향성이 결정되는 것이다. 이용자에 의한 부정적 방향으로의 진화에 대해 기술 보유자가 어떠한 책임을 져야 하는가는 매우 신중하게 다루어져야 할 문제이다. P2P프로그램에 관한 일련의 소송에서 나타나는 방조에 의한 불법행위책임의 적용은 이용자에 의한 불법적 활용으로의 진화에 대해 기술보유자에 대한 가혹한 결과책임으로의 규범적 회귀라 비판하지 않을 수 없다.

클라우드 컴퓨팅의 통신정책적 고찰

오병철(Oh Byoung Cheol) 한국정보법학회 2011 정보법학 Vol.15 No.2

클라우드 컴퓨팅이야 말로 작금의 IT분야 최고의 핫이슈로 자리매김하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지는 대중들에게 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 웹하드나 동기화 정도 또는 잘해야 IT자원의 아웃소싱의 정도로만 이해되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 ‘컴퓨팅’의 관점이 아니라 ‘네트워킹’의 관점에서도 고려되어야 한다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 최종적인 지향점은 유선 클라우드 컴퓨팅이 아니라 무선 클라우드 컴퓨팅이 될 수밖에 없고, 그렇다면 ‘어디에 저장할 것인가’ 또는 ‘어떻게 컴퓨팅을 할 것인가’만큼 중요한 것이 ‘어떻게 전송할 것인가’의 문제이다. 현재 클라우드 컴퓨팅 사업자를 살펴보아도 IT기업 못지않게 많은 통신회사가 참여하고 있는 것도 이를 방증하는 것이다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 활성화를 위해서 가장 중요한 일은 클라우드 컴퓨팅 사업자가 기간통신망을 구축하여 모바일 클라우드 사업을 할 수 있는 길을 열어주는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 위한 주파수 분배의 재검토가 요구된다. 또 비면허대역 주파수를 이용한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경을 조성할 필요가 있으며, CR이나 UWB와 같은 주파수 공유에도 적극적인 자세를 취해야 할 것이다. Cloud computing is the hottest issue in the IT field in recent years. People may figure cloud computing out as web-hard, synchronization or IT resource outsourcing at best. Actually cloud computing is considered from a viewpoint of not computing but ‘networking’. I think the final goal of cloud computing is nothing but mobile cloud computing. So the matters of great importance are not only ‘Where we can store it?’ or ‘How we can compute it?’ but also How we can transmit it? . If we examine closely existing cloud computing companies, we can recognize that many telecom companies have started a cloud computing business for example BT, NTT and KT. The most important thing for mobile cloud computing is to open the way for cloud computing companies to establish a wireless communication network for their own business. To achieve this, the reallocation of frequency for mobile cloud computing is needed. Also cloud computing technology using ISM(Industrial-Scientific-Medical) band and spectrum sharing technology such as CR(cognitive radio) or UWB(ultra wideband) is developed.

적법하게 공개된 개인정보의 보호와 활용

오병철(Oh Byoung Cheol) 경희대학교 경희법학연구소 2017 경희법학 Vol.52 No.4

2016년 대법원은 정보주체가 직접 또는 제3자를 통해 공개한 개인정보는 정보주체의 동의가 있다고 객관적으로 인정되는 범위에서는 별도의 동의 없이 이용할 수 있다고 판결하였다. 그러나 개인정보보호법이나 정보통신망법에는 아무런 규정도 존재하지 않으며, 빅데이터 개인정보보호 가이드라인에서는 비식별화조치를 요구하고 있다. 그러므로 관련 법률의 공백현상과 더불어 사법부와 행정부의 법적 규율이 서로 모순되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 적법하게 공개된 개인정보의 법적 규율에 대해 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째로 공개된 개인정보도 개인정보로서 법적 보호의 대상이 된다. 둘째로 정보주체의 개인정보의 공개행위는 개인정보 활용에 대한 묵시적인 동의로서의 법적 가치를 가지므로, 개인정보의 수집이나 활용을 위해 별도의 동의를 필요로 하지 않는다. 셋째로 제3자에 의한 개인정보의 공개도 위임을 받은 경우, 개인적인 인간관계가 있는 경우, 공익적 목적이 있는 경우, 직업상의 필요성이 있는 경우에는 개인정보 활용에 대한 정보주체의 묵시적인 동의가 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 넷째로 공개된 개인정보의 활용은 비영리뿐만 아니라 영리적인 목적이라도 상관없다. 다섯째로 공개된 개인정보라도 공개목적 외의 활용, 범죄 등 명백한 유해목적의 활용, 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서 위반 활용은 허용되지 않는다. 끝으로 공개된 개인정보에 대해서도 정보주체의 사후적 보호수단인 열람청구권, 정정·삭제권, 처리정지권은 그대로 인정된다. 위와 같은 결론에 따라 개인정보보호법 제15조 제3항을 다음과 같이 신설할 것을 제안한다. “개인정보처리자는 정보주체가 직접 또는 제3자를 통해 개인정보를 공개한 경우에는 정보주체의 동의가 있다고 객관적으로 인정되는 범위에서 별도의 동의 없이 활용할 수 있다.” In 2016, the Supreme Court decided that personal information that is published by oneself or a third party can be utilized without extra consent in a degree that agreement of the data subject can be objectively acknowledged to exist. However, there is no regulation concerning this in the Personal Data Protection Act, while the Big Data Personal Data Protection Guideline demands de-identification. Hence, the legal regulations of the judicial branch and the executive branch contradict each other. In this article, regarding the legal protection of lawfully published personal information, I will conclude the following. Fist, published personal information is an object of legal protection as personal information. Second, since the data subject s act of releasing personal information has the legal value as an implied agreement on utilization of the information, collection or utilization of published personal information does not require a special consent. Third, disclosure of personal information by a third party can be considered to have implied agreement when entrusted, supported by an existing personal relationship, intended for the common good, or necessary for occupational duties. Fourth, published personal information can be utilized for either profit or nonprofit purposes. Fifth, the utilization of published personal information for purposes other than the purpose of release, with an obvious intention to harm or commit a crime, or disturbing morality and other social order is not allowed. Finally, the subsequent protective measures of the data subject like claim for inspection, correction, deletion or suspension is acknowledged for published personal information. Following the above conclusions, I suggest to establish the Personal Data Protection Act section 15, ③ as the following: “In the case where a data subject publishes one s personal information by oneself or through a third party, a personal data controller can utilize it without a special consent to a degree that agreement of the data subject can be objectively acknowledged to exist.

상속결격의 몇 가지 문제

오병철(Byoung Cheol, OH) 한국가족법학회 2010 가족법연구 Vol.24 No.3

The disqualification of succession has been discussed not enough in korean civil law theory. This paper deals with some subjects of the disqualification of succession which needs a little more research. The results of study are as followings; (1) KCC(Korean Civil Code) clause 3 article 1004 is interpreted and amended as “the person who makes a predecessor not to leave a will or to withdraw a will by fraud or threat” and KCC clause 4 article 1004 is interpreted and amended as “the person who makes a predecessor to leave a will or not to withdraw a will by fraud or threat”. (2) The person who already committed an act of some kinds(KCC clause 3 or 4 article 1004) of the disqualification of succession can receive a universal legacy. And the person who already committed an act of all kinds of the disqualification of succession can receive just a testamentary gift by specific title. In spite of KCC article 562, the person who already committed an act of all kinds of the disqualification of succession can receive a gift effective upon death. (3) There is no provisions for forgiveness of the disqualification of succession in KCC and there are opposing opinions on this problem. In my personal opinion, the predecessor can forgive a person who already committed an act of some kinds(just only KCC clause 3 or 4 article 1004) of the disqualification of succession in relation with the general theory of fraud or threat in KCC. (4) The person who already committed an act of all kinds of the disqualification of succession is under the legal obligation to return of all gift from the predecessor for legal reserve of inheritance in spite of disqualification of succession.

특집 무선랜 보안 정책 : 공공부문 무선랜 보안을 위한 정책방향

오병철 ( Byoung Cheol Oh ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 의료·과학기술과 법센터 2010 연세 의료·과학기술과 법 Vol.1 No.2

This paper examines both positive and negative impacts of strengthening wireless LAN security requirement on our society, and investigates those security issues from the legal standpoint categorizing wireless access points according to its operator/owner. Based on these examinations the paper provides advice on legislating and policy-making strategies for wireless LAN security. In public-sector, wireless LAN should be secured appropriately by certification of access and encryption of data.