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Explanation of the Thermal Formation of Dioxins from Thermodynamic Viewpoint
Yazawa, Akira,Nakazawa, Shigeatsu 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.1
The thermal formation of dioxins is typical of recent environmental issues relating to metallurgy. To analyze the behavior of these toxic species, computer assisted thermodynamic assessments were extensively carried out. In the homogeneous gas phase equilibria of the C-O-H-Cl system, the formation of dioxins is usually observed below 300-350℃, but is observed at higher temperature under the condition of oxygen deficiency. It has become clear that the presence of enough oxygen and hydrogen, as well as a decrease in chlorine content, would be desirable to prevent dioxin formation. From a strict thermodynamic standpoint, dioxins are meta-stable products observed under the retardation of the carbon deposition reaction which must be very slow at low temperature. The effects of some inhibitors or accelerators on the formation of dioxins are also discussed.
Observation of disossiative recombination in the hydrogen sheet plasma
akira Tonegawa,Hiroie MATSUMOTO,Hiroyuki YAZAWA,Kazutaka KAWAMURA,Masataka ONO,Takehisa SHIBUYA 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The experimental observation of dissociative recombination in Molecular Assisted Recombination (MAR) for hydrogen detached plasma has been studied in the linear divertor plasma simulator, TPD-SheetIV. Measurements of the relative concentrations of atomic and molecular ions (nH+, n+ H2, and n+ H3), electron density (ne), electron temperature (Te), and heat load to the target plate (Q) were carried out in hydrogen detached plasma with hydrogen gas puff at varying discharge current. An “omegatron” mass analyzer, situated behind a small hole of the endplate, is used for analyzing ion species. It is shown from these results that the dominant molecular process is a dissociative recombination process via H+ 2 , H+ 3 in the plasma over the range of low plasma density (<5 × 1018 m.3) and low hydrogen pressure (<4 mTorr). In contrast, molecular assisted dissociation (MAD) always dominates over the MAR in the high density plasma (>5 × 1018 m.3).
Detached plasma control by H- / D- negative ion in divertor simulator
akira Tonegawa,Hiroyuki YAZAWA,Kazutaka KAWAMURA,Masataka ONO,Syusaku MAETA 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
We have developed a new way to stably maintain a detached hydrogen or deuterium plasma based on feedback control of the relative negative-ion (H.or D.) density in the linear divertor plasma simulator, TPD-SheetIV. Measurements of the relative negative ion density, nH.or nD., heat load to the target plate, Q, and the secondary gas-flow rate, Gdiv, were carried out as a function of neutral pressure in the plasma. The detached plasma is steadily maintained in the region of the target plate by rapidly varying Gdiv so as to maximize the value of the n.Hor n.Dand to keep the gas pressure constant. The new system has achieved the goal of reducing both Q and the amount of Gdiv in a detached plasma without radiative and three-body recombination processes.