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Development of State-Based Squeak and an Examination of Its Effect on Robot Programming Education
( Hiroyuki Aoki ),( Jamee Kim ),( Yukio Idosaka ),( Toshiyuki Kamada ),( Susumu Kanemune ),( Wongyu Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.11
Robot programming often sparks students` interest in programming, but it is not easy for them to program both procedure and reactivity of robot movements that are essential requirements. In this study, we reviewed in detail a new programming language, State-Based Squeak. It allows novice students to implement both procedure and reactivity of robots easily. The effect of this new language on robot programming education was also examined using a group of 28 middle school students. According to the results of analyzing the students` understanding of programming, reading and programming abilities the group that used State-Based Squeak (the experimental group) showed a higher completion ratio than the other (control) group. The significance of this study is that a robot programming language has been developed that addresses the concepts of both procedure and reactivity in such a way that middle school students can more easily learn how to program robots, something that is often difficult to attempt even for professional programmers.
Isaku Kanno,Hidetoshi Kotera,Kiyotaka Wasa,Ryouichi Takayama,Takeshi Kamada,Toshiyuki Matsunaga 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.IV
Compositional dependence of crystallographic structure of the epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) lms was investigated. The c-axis oriented PZT lms with Zr/Ti ratio ranging from 10/90 to 70/30 were epitaxially grown on (100)Pt/(100)MgO substrates using rf-sputtering. Four-circle x-ray diraction measurements revealed that the PZT lms exhibited anomalous crystalline structure which was considerably dierent from the phase diagram of bulk PZT. In particular, the PZT lms showed tetragonal structure even with the Zr/Ti composition above 53/47 and rhombohedral phase could not be identied even for the PZT lms of 70/30. The lattice constants of the PZT lms were independent of the lm thickness. The sputtering process accompanies non-thermal equilibrium reactions with the bombardment of the energetic sputtered particles to the growing lms and might induce isotropic internal stress across the lms. The anomalous crystalline characteristics are attributed to the sputter-induced stress of the PZT lms.