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Female Victims of the Terror in Williams’s Fifth Volume of Letters
( Kim¸ Jihee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2021 영어권문화연구 Vol.14 No.2
This paper discusses the ways in which Helen Maria Williams represents female victims to criticise the Reign of Terror in her fifth volume of Letters. In accordance with the decree by the French National Convention, she was imprisoned for two months between October and November 1793 and was released in late November. To avoid another arrest for her connection with the Girondins, she departed to Switzerland in June 1794. In this volume, she narrates what she has been through during the Terror, representing herself as a victim of the Terror. Her accounts of arrest and exile vividly present her feelings when she was taken from her domestic space and forced apart from her family. As a survivor of the Terror, she also tells stories of other victims: Charlotte Corday and Madame Roland, who were guillotined. These women were accused of lacking femininity and abandoning their domestic roles. To rebut the accusations against them, Williams provides different representations of them using several sources, including her first-hand accounts and Roland’s own testimony. Through the stories of the female victims, Williams uses the fifth volume of Letters as evidence of the oppression of the Terror.
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Helen Maria Williams’s Love of England in A Farewell, for Two Years, to England
( Kim¸ Jihee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2021 현대영어영문학 Vol.65 No.3
After publishing her Letters Written in France (1790), Helen Maria Williams planned to travel to France again, for two years. Given the timing of her proposed trip, in a period when England had increasing concerns about, and was generally hostile to, the situation in France, she would have been keenly aware of the risks involved in a two-year trip there. Coupled with her support for the French Revolution, her long stay in France would have increased suspicions about her loyalty to England. This essay argues that Williams uses her poem A Farewell, for Two Years, to England (1791) to demonstrate her love of England and, at the same time, to defend herself against the criticisms of her sympathy for French liberty. This essay examines what makes Williams compose a poem before her trip to France by describing the changing social context of that period. By exploring Anna Seward’s shifting responses to the events in France and studying a review in the Gentleman’s Magazine of Letters, this paper reveals the criticisms that Williams would have faced. It then examines her strategies to demonstrate her loyalty to England and, at the same time, to present her support of French liberty in the poem. (Dongguk University)
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An affair of the heart: Sensibility, Revolution, Gender in Letters Written in France
( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2
Helen Maria Williams, one of the early romantic women writers, was a controversial figure of her age on the account of her being pro-French Revolution. Her support for the French Revolution is well expressed in Letters from France which were published in eight volumes between 1790 and 1796. Among them, I will focus on the first of volume of the Letters. This paper will explore why Williams used sensibility in her Letters (1790) and how she shows the sensibility with the political point of views in the epistolary form and the Memoir of Mos. and Madam Duf ―. Sensibility in Letters seems to be one of the ways to avoid critical remarks about female political prose. Williams would also use sensibility in Letters to accept her idea easily. In addition, the epistolary form assists Williams in expressing her political point of views with sensibility well in Letters and allows her to express her feelings freely and frankly. She can effectively persuade readers to sympathise with her feelings in the epistolary form. The other strategy enables Williams to show her sensibility with the political standpoint is the Memoir of Mons And Madam Duf - in later chapters of the Letters. The memoir is seemingly the love story but there is the contrast between the despotic government and the new government and the process of the revolution behind the romantic story. It is a sentimental story for covering Williams' political voice well. Williams's sentimental strategy looked to be a huge success before the revolution became violent. She expressed her political points of view with sensibility which could be the bulwark of her defence.
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( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.1
Byron was different from most of his fellow contemporary writers who wrote about the East because his writings were not totally dependent on his imagination or written texts. He experienced Eastern culture first hand and had several different perspectives of the East. However, like other writers, Byron was still unable to free himself from Western point of views. This paper explores Byron's fascination with the East and the limitation of his perspective. The Seraglio in Don Juan was portrayed in detail as a magnificent and luxurious place. He simultaneously described the people who Juan met in the Seraglio. Byron also located a man in the harem as a slave and took everything Juan had. Juan, having been subordinated, was in an unusual position for a European. However, he could not go beyond the bounds of European convention in Don Juan. The description of Eastern places implies an awareness of superiority of Western culture. It seems to focus on material abundance although the palace was portrayed in detail. Byron described Oriental characters as negative and simple. There is an enlightenment mechanism to one of the characters in Don Juan, Gulbeyaz. Even though Byron had Eurocentric values, he clearly possessed a more positive attitude toward the East. His ambivalent attitude toward the East would be a great topic to further explore in researching Orientalism.
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Molecular Phylogeny of Poecilostome Copepods Based on the 18S rDNA Sequences
Kim, Jihee,Kim, Won The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2000 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.4 No.3
To elucidate phylogenetic relationships among poecilostome families 18S rDNA sequence data were generated for seven poecilostome and one cyclopoid copopods by PCR cloning and sequencing techmiques. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood methods using cyclopoid sequence as an outgroup. The results from three different analyses showed that the seven poecilostome families were eiridel into two groups: Clausidiidae-Myicolidae-Synaptiphillidae-bomolochidae and Lichomologidae-Chondracanthidae-Ergasilidae. The molecular phylogenies were consistent with those from the morphological characters. Therefore, these analyses porvide further evidence for the utility of 18S rDNA sequences in addressing phylogenetic relationships among poecilostome families.
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( Jihee Kim ),( Young In Lee ),( Sungsik Shin ),( Jung U Shin ),( Jung Dong Kim ),( Hong Kee Kim ),( Dohyeon Jeong ),( Juyeop Shin ),( Jung Hyun Bae ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Ju Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2
<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Biodegradable microneedle is a recently developed method to deliver pharmaceutical components into the skin, and is expected to yield better clinical outcome compared to topical application. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microneedle patches containing ascorbic acid, tranexamic acid, niacin amide and resveratrol on melamsa patients. Methods: A twelve week, randomized, double blind study was performed. Twenty four Korean patients with mild to moderate melasma, according to Melasma Area and Severity Scale (MASI) were enrolled and completed the study. Patients used two different types of patches on each side of the designated area every other day for 8 weeks. Patients were requested for an additional 12-week follow up visit. Pigmentary improvements were assessed subjectively with MASI, patient satisfaction score, and photographic analysis. Additionally, quantitative analysis was performed with mexameter and corneometer (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Results: No patient complained of irritation or other side effects regarding the use of microneedle patch. Compared to control area without microneedle and active ingredients only, microneedle patch applied area showed statistically significant clinical improvement in degree of pigmentation. Conclusion: Results indicates that microneedle patch with active ingredients can be used safely and effectively for melasma treatment.
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Kim, Jihee,Choi, Seungse,An, Injung,Lee, Seunghyuk,Lee, Eun Ju,You, Young-Han,Kim, Baek-Jun,Han, Donguk,Park, Sangkyu,Joo, Sungbae National Institute of Ecology 2021 국립생태원회보(PNIE) Vol.2 No.3
Hulunbuir steppe, one of the four largest steppes in China, has experienced rapidly progressing desertification partly due to overgrazing by livestock. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of various vegetation recovery methods, including the selection of unpalatable plants less affected by grazing livestock. To determine livestock grazing preferences at Hulunbuir restoration sites, we used DNA barcoding methods to analyze fecal materials of horses and cattle grazing on four restored plants: two trees (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica and Populus canadensis) and two shrubs (Caragana microphylla and Corethrodendron fruticosum). Neither of the two tree species were detected in livestock feces, whereas both shrub species were detected at lo w frequencies. There were no significant differences in compositions of species consumed by horses and cattle except that Asteraceae species were more often consumed by cattle. Our results showed that the four plants used for restoration may be classified as unpalatable or less palatable species in the Hulunbuir restoration area. Our results may help inform restoration strategies implemented in restoration areas, especially regarding negative effects of livestock grazing during the initial stage of restoration in Hulunbuir.
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