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James H. Crawford,Katherine Travis,Laura Judd,Barry Lefer,Jack Dibb,Jhoon Kim,Rokjin Park,Gangwoong Lee,Limseok Chang,James Simpas,Maria Obiminda Cambaliza,Ronald Macatangay,Vanisa Surapipith,Narisara 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
The recent launch of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) provides an important catalyst for increased dialogue and cooperation among Asian countries to address air quality. Other emerging efforts to support GEMS validation and international cooperation include the Pandora Asia Network (PAN) and the Pan Asia Partnership for Geospatial Air Pollution Information (PAPGAPI). These efforts represent long-term commitments to bridging satellite observations with ground-based monitoring to inform air quality. Aircraft observations can provide invaluable context to the satellite and ground-based perspectives that are used more routinely to inform air quality models used for both forecasting and attribution. Important information from aircraft includes measuring detailed composition for source fingerprinting, vertical profiling of composition for satellite validation and model assessment, observing chemical and dynamical processes affecting secondary pollution (i.e., fine particles and ozone), relating specific VOC mixtures to satellite HCHO, providing fine scale pollution mapping with remote sensors, etc. Such information is critical for understanding the local factors influencing air quality for a specific location, quantifying emission sources, and assessing potential mitigation strategies for decision makers. ASIA-AQ proposes to provide airborne observations over three to five Asian megacities with repetitive observations that will observe the diurnal and vertical distribution of primary emissions and secondary pollutants with at least four flights over each location. In combination with satellite and ground observations, data would support analyses for assessment of emissions, model evaluation, process-level understanding of secondary pollutants (i.e., fine particles and ozone), and satellite validation and interpretation. Current status of the ASIA-AQ white paper, nominal plans, and opportunities for involvement will be presented.
Tobacco-Related Chronic Illnesses: A Public Health Concern for Jamaica
Crawford, Tazhmoye V.,McGrowder, Donovan A.,Barnett, Jasper D.,McGaw, Barbara A.,McKenzie, Irving F.,James, Leslie G. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9
Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of annual income used to purchase tobacco-related products and treat tobacco-related illnesses, and assess the characteristics of smokers and their awareness of the health-related risks of smoking. Method: Stratified and snowball sampling methods were used to obtain information (via a 17-item, close-ended questionnaire) from 85 adult respondents (49 males and 36 females). The instrument comprised of demographic characteristics, smoking behavioural/lifestyle, health, and micro socio-economics. Results: There were no significant differences between individuals who were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (14.1%) and cardiovascular disease (18.8%). It was found that respondents spend 30-39% of their annual income on tobacco-related products. Forty percent (40.0%) and 41.7% of respondents with lung cancer and COPD respectively spend more than 50% of their annual income to treat these diseases. The majority (80%) of those who continues to consume tobacco-related products were uncertain as to why they were doing it. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents who had tobacco-related illnesses such as lung cancer and COPD spend a significant amount of their income on their health care. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. This suggests the need for increase public awareness where both smokers and non smokers are being fully or adequately informed about the dangers or health risks of tobacco consumption.
High-Strength Chemical-Vapor–Deposited Graphene and Grain Boundaries
Lee, Gwan-Hyoung,Cooper, Ryan C.,An, Sung Joo,Lee, Sunwoo,van der Zande, Arend,Petrone, Nicholas,Hammerberg, Alexandra G.,Lee, Changgu,Crawford, Bryan,Oliver, Warren,Kysar, Jeffrey W.,Hone, James American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.340 No.6136
<P><B>Graphene Staying Strong</B></P><P>Although exfoliated graphene can be extremely strong, it is produced on too small a scale for materials application. Graphene can be produced on a more practical scale by chemical vapor deposition, but the presence of grain boundaries between crystallites apparently weakens the material. <B>Lee <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1073) show that postprocessing steps during the removal of the graphene sheets can oxidize the grain boundaries and weaken them. If these steps are avoided, the material is comparable in strength to exfoliated graphene.</P>