http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Microflora Modulation of Motility
( Eamonn M M Quigley ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.2
That gastrointestinal motility can influence the gut microbiota has been known for decades and the clinical consequences of impaired motility, in terms of the bacterial population of the small intestine, amply illustrated by the syndrome of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth which so commonly accompanies diffuse intestinal motility disorders. As the importance of the microbiota to homeostasis in health and to a variety of disease states is increasingly appreciated and as the full diversity and biology of this "hidden organ" have been revealed by molecular methodologies, the true nature of the interaction between the microbiota and motility is being re-examined and the complexity of this relationship exposed. In health, as well as in disease states, this is a truly bi-directional relationship: not only can gut motor patterns influence the microbiota but changes in the microbiota can exert profound influences on gut sensori-motor function. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:140-147)
Review : Prokinetics in the Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
( Eamonn M M Quigley ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.3
A variety of common and some not common gastrointestinal syndromes are thought to be based on impaired gut motility. For some, the role of motility is well defined, for others and the functional gastrointestinal disorders, in particular, the role of hy-po- or dysmotility remains unclear. Over the years pharmacological and physiological laboratories have developed drugs which stimulate gut motility; many have been evaluated in motility and functional disorders with what can best be described as mixed results. Lack of receptor specificity and resultant expected and unexpected adverse events have led to the demise of some of these agents. Newer, more selective agents offer promise but the heterogeneity of the clinical disorders they target continues to pose a formidable challenge to drug development in this area. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:330-336)
Clinical Trials of Probiotics in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Some Points to Consider
Eamonn M M Quigley 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.2
Probiotic products in various formulations are widely used world-wide for a seemingly limitless range of indications––from health maintenance to the alleviation of common intestinal ailments and on to the prevention and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. The profusion of probiotic preparations, together with a very different regulatory climate compared to that which surrounds drugs and devices, leaves the consumer and the health care professional alike bewildered. How can they tell which products truly are what they claim to be? Which probiotics should be chosen for a particular clinical situation? These questions are thrown into stark relief when one evaluates the literature on probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. To provide some guidance the current probiotic landscape is reviewed and some achievable steps to help bring light to a murky environment are proposed. The goal is to promote verifiable quality control and generate actionable evidence from well-conducted clinical trials of probiotic products in irritable bowel syndrome.
Pharmabiotic Manipulation of the Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Clinical Perspective
( Fanny Giron ),( Eamonn M M Quigley ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.3
The advent and widespread availability of high-throughput technology has revolutionized the assessment of the communities of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract--the gut microbiota. As our understanding of the role of the microbiota in health and human disease increases, so also do efforts to prevent and treat disease through the modulation of the microbiota. Several strategies are available to us and range from time honored approaches, such as antibiotics and probiotics, to changes in diet, the administration of prebiotics as food supplements, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Of these, diet is perhaps the most pervasive but often ignored modulator of the microbiota, and a failure to recognize its impact complicates the interpretation of many microbiota studies. The impacts of antibiotics on the microbiota are more complex than originally thought and, though antibiotics can be life-saving, their effects on commensal bacterial populations can be clinically significant. Though there have been many studies of, and even more claims made for, probiotics, the majority of available studies suffer from significant deficits in study design and execution and many claims remain to be substantiated. Though holding much promise, the study of prebiotics in human disease is still in its infancy. Possibilities other than the administration of live organisms have been identified through efforts to mine the microbiota for novel therapeutics and include: dead organisms, bacterial components, small molecules elaborated by bacteria, and even bacterial DNA. Accordingly, the term pharmabiotic has been introduced to encompass the full range of therapeutic possibilities that the microbiota offers. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:355-366)
( Mei Yun Ke ),( Jan Tack ),( Eamonn M M Quigley ),( Duo Wu Zou ),( Suck Chei Choi ),( Somchai Leelakusolvong ),( Andy Liu ),( Jin Yong Kim ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.4
Background/Aims To compare the efficacy and safety of prucalopride, a novel selective high-affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor agonist, versus placebo, in Asian and non-Asian women with chronic constipation (CC). Methods Data of patients with CC, receiving once-daily prucalopride 2-mg or placebo for 12-weeks, were pooled from 4 double-blind, randomized, phase-III trials (NCT00488137, NCT00483886, NCT00485940 and NCT01116206). The efficacy endpoints were: average of ≥ 3 spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBMs)/week; average increases of ≥ 1 SCBMs/week; and change from baseline in each CC-associated symptom scores (bloating, abdominal pain, hard stool and straining).Results Overall, 1,596 women (Asian [26.6%], non-Asian [73.4%]) were included in this analysis. Significantly more patients in the prucalopride group versus placebo experienced an average of ≥ 3 SCBMs/week in Asian (34% vs. 11%, P < 0.001) and non-Asian (24.6% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001) subgroups. The number of patients reporting an increase of ≥ 1 SCBMs/week from baseline was significantly higher in the prucalopride group versus placebo among both Asian (57.4% vs. 28.3%, P < 0.001) and non-Asian (45.3% vs. 24.0%, P < 0.001) subgroups. The difference between the subgroups was not statistically significant. Prucalopride significantly reduced the symptom scores for bloating, hard stool, and straining in both subgroups. Conclusions Prucalopride 2-mg once-daily treatment over 12-weeks was more efficacious than placebo in promoting SCBMs and improvement of CC-associated symptoms in Asian and non-Asian women, and was found to be safe and well-tolerated. There were numeric differences between Asian and non-Asian patients on efficacy and treatment emergent adverse events, which may be partially due to the overlap with functional gastrointestinal disorders in non-Asian patients.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:458-468)
( Somchai Leelakusolvong ),( Mei Yun Ke ),( Duo Wu Zou ),( Suck Chei Choi ),( Jan Tack ),( Eamonn M M Quigley ),( Andy Liu ),( Jin Yong Kim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.2
Background/Aims: This integrated analysis aimed to identify the factors associated with the most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in Asian and non-Asian patients with chronic constipation (CC) who receive prucalopride or placebo over 12 weeks. Methods: Pooled data from four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III studies (NCT00488137, NCT00483886, NCT00485940, and NCT01116206) on patients treated with prucalopride 2 mg or placebo were analyzed. The associations between predictors and TEAEs were evaluated based on a logistic regression model. Results: Overall, 1,821 patients (Asian, 26.1%; non-Asian, 73.9%) were analyzed. Prucalopride treatment was significantly associated with diarrhea, headache, and nausea (p<0.001), but not with abdominal pain, compared with placebo. Differences in the prevalence of TEAEs between prucalopride and placebo decreased greatly after the first day of treatment. Compared with non-Asians, Asians were more likely to experience diarrhea and less likely to develop abdominal pain, headache, and nausea. Prior laxative use, CC duration, and body weight were not predictive of any of these TEAEs. Conclusions: Prucalopride treatment was positively associated with diarrhea, headache, and nausea. Asian patients tended to have a higher frequency of diarrhea but lower frequencies of headache, abdominal pain, and nausea compared with non-Asians. (Gut Liver, 2015;9:208-213)
Computed Tomography Assessment of Intestinal Gas Volumes in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
( Sebastian R Mc Williams ),( Patrick D Mc Laughlin ),( Owen J O’connor ),( Alan N Desmond ),( Aine Ni Laoire ),( Fergus Shanahan ),( Eamonn Mm Quigley ),( Michael M Maher ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.4
Background/Aims Many patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) rank sensations of bloating and distension among their most debilitating symptoms. Previous studies that have examined intestinal gas volume (IGV) in patients with FGIDs have employed a variety of invasive and imaging techniques. These studies are limited by small numbers and have shown conflicting results. The aim of our study was to estimate, using CT of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP), IGV in patients attending FGID clinic and to compare IGV in patients with and without FGID. Methods All CTAP (n = 312) performed on patients (n = 207) attending a specialized FGID clinic over 10-year period were included in this study. Patients were classified into one of 3 groups according to the established clinical grading system, as organic gastrointestinal disorder (OGID, ie, patients with an organic non-functional disorder, n = 84), FGID (n = 36) or organic and functional gastrointestinal disorder (OFGID, ie, patients with an organic and a functional disorder, n = 87). Two independent readers blinded to the diagnostic group calculated IGV using threshold based 3D region growing with OsiriX. Results Median IGVs for the FGID, OGID, and OFGID groups were 197.6, 220.6 and 155.0 mL, respectively. Stepwise linear regression revealed age at study, gender, and calculated body mass index to predict the log IGV with an r2 of 0.116, and P < 0.001. There was a significant positive correlation between age and IGV in OGID (Spearman’s = 0.253, P = 0.02) but this correlation was non-significant in the other groups. Conclusions Although bloating is a classic symptom in FGID patients, IGV may not be increased compared with OGID and OFGID patients. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012,18:419-425)