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The Impact of Southern Regional Trading Arrangements on Trade Regime Bias: Some Evidence for CARICOM
( Chris Milner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
Trade regime bias, in particular anti-export bias, is likely to be a feature of ``southern`` regional trading blocs of small, relatively inefficient countries, with relatively high external tariffs. This paper explores the reasons for this, and provides evidence of the pattern of trade regime bias prevailing in two CARICOM countries, Barbados and Trinidad. The paper also investigates the extent to which trade regime bias can be lowered through country-specific policy reforms, such as the lowering of non-tariff barriers, and the extent therefore to which regional commitments may constrain trade policy reform in developing countries.
( Chris Milner ),( Nicolas Peridy ),( Yvan Decreux ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2010 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.25 No.4
The present study proposes an updated and extended quantitative assessment of the EU-South Korea FTA, through a new version of MIRAGE CGE model. Several distinctive contributions are offered. Firstly, the quantitative assessment takes into account non-tariff barriers (NTBs) as well as tariffs. Second, it considers trade liberalization of goods, services as well as FDI (establishment). A third contribution is that simulations of policy changes are closely aligned with the actual agreement for each industry and service category. Finally, this article relies on recent techniques for calculating the tariff equivalents of NTBs following Kee et al. (2009). The main findings show that the EU may increase trade performance in several industries (chemicals, machinery, other manufactured and food products) as well as in specific services to a lesser extent (business, insurance and transport services ). On the other hand, Korea takes advantage of the agreement for specific manufactured products (textiles, leather/clothing, cars and other transport equipment).
Milner, Chris 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
Trade regime bias, in particular anti-export bias, is likely to be a feature of 'southern' regional trading blocs of small, relatively inefficient countries, with relatively high external tariffs. This paper explores the reasons for this, and provides evidence of the pattern of trade regime bias prevailing in two CARICOM countries, Barbados and Trinidad. The paper also investigates the extent to which trade regime bias can be lowered through country-specific policy reforms, such as the lowering of non-tariff barriers, and the extent therefore to which regional commiments may constrain trade policy reform in developing countries.
( David Greenaway ),( Chris Milner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4
The European Union (EU) has more preferential trading arrangements than any other trading entity. For a quarter of a century African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries have benefited from unreciprocated preferential access to the EU market under a succession of Lome Arrangements. Sunset provisions now apply to these concessions and after 2007 unreciprocated preferences will end. The EU is proposing that a network of regional Economic Partnership Agreements (REPAs) replace Lome. This is a new form of regional trading arrangement for both the EU and ACP countries. In this paper we develop an analytical framework for evaluating the impact effects of a REPA and apply this to estimate costs and benefits in the CARICOM region. Our results suggest that a REPA would be inferior on welfare grounds to either extended reciprocity with the EU and US, or broader multilateral liberalisation.
Immigration, Trade Costs and Trade: Gravity Evidence for Greece
( Andromachi S. Piperakis ),( Chris Milner ),( Peter W. Wright ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.4
This paper investigates the influence of immigration into Greece on the volumes of Greeces bilateral trade using a gravity modelling approach. An augmented gravity model is estimated using a panel data set for the period 1981-1991. The results show that immigration had a positive impact on the volume of Greeces bilateral exports, but no effect on its bilateral imports. This is consistent with immigration reducing transactions or trading costs on Greeces exports.