Soundscape Ecology: Rich Contexts for Investigating Conservation Biology & the Effect of Informal Environmental Experiences on Youth's Conceptual Understanding, Interest and Identity Development

Ghadiri, Maryam Ghadiri Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Recent educational studies have shown increasing lack of interest and participation of youth (ages 10-14 years old) in various STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) fields in the U.S. The decline in the number of youth choosing to study STEM fields in higher education and the resulting lack of STEM professionals in the society has drastic economic impacts. Therefore, it is critical to introduce youth to quality STEM education that engages them with science practices and triggers their interest and curiosity in order to increase their participation in those fields. To address this issue, the aim of this study is to introduce a new ecological topic called soundscape ecology to middle school youth and high school students who are visually impaired. This study will use an informal summer camp setting to develop conceptual understanding, interest and identity in STEM via soundscape ecology. Soundscape ecology is a new emerging science that takes a holistic approach toward conservation biology and bridges across all STEM content areas. The focus of soundscape ecology is on the acoustic environment that is composed of different sounds originating from a variety of sources. The current study presents a combination of ecological and educational research. It includes an independent field research in soundscape ecology which led to the design of the soundscape ecology curriculum. The findings of the soundscape research supported the negative sonic and non-sonic impact of highways on bird biodiversity and acoustic diversity. It provided evidence of how forest interior specialist birds are attracted to habitats furthest from the highways because low frequency road noise masked their vocalizations and interrupted their communication. In addition, this study contains three qualitative research studies on the cognitive and affective development of participants in the soundscape ecology summer camp. The results of the qualitative studies show that the soundscape ecology curriculum is a great fit for an informal summer STEM camp setting and can be adapted for a variety of audiences with different abilities. Furthermore, the natural context of the soundscape camp allowed participants to engage with soundscape ecology in a natural setting, promoted their engagement with authentic technology and scientific practices, and supported collaboration with their peers and soundscape ecologists. Participants in the soundscape summer camp gained cognitive and affective development as they developed a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in soundscape ecology. Importantly, the experience also broadened and deepened the students' interests in science and being a scientist, as they developed a stronger scientific identity. The findings of this study have implications for STEM curriculum designers, researchers and informal education practitioners working on area of environmental education, youth interest development, conceptual understanding construction and science identity development.

4Es에 따른 습지 생태·경관 만족도가 방문객의 습지 옹호 행동에 미치는 영향 : 문경돌리네습지 중심으로

임상배 경희대학교 경영대학원 2023 국내석사

Wetlands are one of the ecosystems with the highest biological productivity and home to approximately 20% of all living organisms existing on the planet. In recent years, nature-friendly ecotourism for ecology and landscapes has become popular due to the primitiveness, biodiversity, and ecological and aesthetic natural resources of wetlands. Ecotourism can be defined as nature-based tourism including ecologically sustainable conservation, management, and education using natural resources. This ecotourism requires the continuous conservation and management of natural resources as well as appropriate benefits to the local community. As a wetland formed in a doline, in which the formation of wetlands is typically difficult, Mungyeong Doline Wetland has been designated as Korea’s nationally protected wetland because it is very unique in terms of topography, geology, and ecology, and thus is high in scarcity with a strong academic conservation value. This wetland is also about to be registered as a national geopark. With this as a momentum, basic research has been underway regarding the biodiversity and hydrogeology of Mungyeong Doline Wetland. In addition, tourists’ interest in Mungyeong Doline Wetland has been higher than ever since the Mugyeong Doline Festival introduced recently. Therefore, it is urgent to establish tour programs for experiential learning of natural ecology and landscapes as well as ecological experience to maintain Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s stable ecology and landscapes and wisely use the wetland. However, although many of the previous studies explored the relationship between the quality of tourists’ experiences and intentions to visit, no studies applied the characteristics of wetland ecology and landscapes. Moreover, despite the presence of studies on wetland ecology and landscape management, no studies attempted to understand this topic from the perspective of tourists’ experiences and visit intentions. Thus, the present study explored how tourists’ satisfaction with their experiences according to the characteristics of Mungyeong Doline Wetland’ ecology and landscapes influenced their advocacy behaviors for wetlands, and then proposed a plan for the wise use of Mungyeong Doline Wetland. The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the effects of tourists’ satisfaction with their experiences of Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes on their advocacy behaviors for wetlands. Accordingly, this study analyzed and verified the relationship between Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s scarcity and elements of the experiential economy and tourists’ satisfaction with its ecology and landscapes, as well as the relationship between tourists’ satisfaction and their advocacy behaviors for wetlands. Based on the analysis results, the study intended to increase tourists’ satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes, thereby providing policy and working-level frameworks that lead visitors’ own experiences to their intentions for wetland protection, revisitation, and recommendation. To achieve the purpose of this study, 1,000 questionnaires were distributed to visitors to Mungyeong Doline Wetland between August 29 and September 8, 2022 and 320 questionnaires were collected. In total, 306 questionnaires, excluding 14 insincere and inappropriate ones, were used for statistical analysis. To analyze the collected data, frequency and descriptive statistics analyses were employed and the reliability and validity of the measurement tools were analyzed. Prior to hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted, and then a regression analysis was performed to verify the study’s hypotheses. The study’s results are as follows: First, tourists’ educational experiences positively affected their satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes. Second, tourists’ aesthetic experiences positively affected their satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes. Third, tourists’ deviant experiences positively affected their satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes. Fourth, tourists’ satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes positively affected their intentions for wetland protection. Fifth, tourists’ satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes positively affected their intentions for revisitation. Sixth, tourists’ satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland’s ecology and landscapes positively affected their intentions for recommendation. The researcher hopes that the results of this study will help working-level personnel explore visitors’ advocacy behaviors for wetlands according to their levels of satisfaction with Mungyeong Doline Wetland, and thus develop ecotourism programs and establish strategies for revitalizing the local economy. 습지는 생물 생산성이 가장 높은 생태계 중의 하나로서, 전 지구상에 존재하는 생물들 가운데 약 20%가 습지에 생활 터전을 삼고 있다. 최근에는 습지의 원시성과 생물 다양성, 생태학적 그리고 심미적 자연 자원으로 생태·경관에 대한 자연 친화적인 생태관광이 각광을 받고 있다. 생태관광이란 자연 자원을 이용하여 생태적으로 지속 가능한 보전 및 관리와 교육을 포함한 자연에 근거한 관광이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 생태관광은 자연 자원의 지속적인 보전과 관리가 이루어져야 하며, 지역사회에 적절한 혜택이 주어져야 한다. 문경돌리네습지는 습지가 형성되기 어려운 돌리네(Doline)에 형성된 습지로서 지형·지질학적, 생태적 측면에서 매우 특이해 세계적으로 희소성이 높고 학술적 보존 가치가 높아 국가보호 습지로 지정되었고, 최근에는 국가지질공원 등록을 목전에 두고 있다. 이를 계기로 현재 문경돌리네습지의 생물 다양성과 수리·수문, 지질 등에 관한 기초연구가 진행되고 있다. 또한, 최근에는 문경돌리네습지 축제를 개최하여 관광객들의 관심이 어느 때보다도 고조되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 문경돌리네습지의 안정적인 생태·경관 유지와 습지의 현명한 이용을 위한 자연 생태·경관 체험학습과 생태체험 관광 프로그램 구축이 절실한 실정이다. 하지만, 선행연구의 경우 관광 체험 품질과 방문 의도의 관계에 대한 연구는 많았지만, 습지 생태·경관의 특성에 적용한 연구는 없었다. 또한 습지 생태·경관 관리에 대한 연구는 있었지만 이것을 체험과 방문 의도의 관점에서 이해한 연구는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문경돌리네습지 생태·경관의 특성에 따른 체험 만족도가 방문객 습지 옹호 행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았으며, 문경돌리네습지의 현명한 이용 방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문의 목적은 문경돌리네습지 생태·경관에 대한 체험 만족도가 습지 옹호 행동에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문경돌리네습지의 희소성 및 체험경제 요소와 습지 생태·경관 만족도 간의 관계 그리고 만족도와 습지 옹호 행동의 관계를 분석·검증하였다. 이를 통하여 문경돌리네습지의 생태·경관의 체험의 만족도를 높여, 방문객들이 자신의 체험 경험을 통하여 습지 보호, 재방문 및 추천 의도로 이루어지는 정책적, 실무적 기틀을 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2022년 8월 29일부터 9월 8일까지 문경돌리네습지 방문객을 대상으로 1,000부를 배부하여 320부를 수거하였으며, 불성실하고 부적절한 14부를 제외한 306부를 통계분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 위해 빈도 분석 및 기술 통계량 분석을 실시하였으며, 측정 도구의 신뢰성 및 타당성 분석을 실시하였다. 가설 검증에 앞서 기술 통계량 분석 및 상관관계 분석을 실시하였고, 가설을 검증하기 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육적 체험은 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미시는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 심미적 체험은 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일탈 체험은 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도가 보호 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도가 재방문 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 여섯째, 문경돌리네습지 생태․경관 만족도가 추천 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구자는 이번 연구 결과를 기초 토대로 하여 향후 실무 담당자들이 문경돌리네습지 만족도에 따른 방문객의 습지 옹호 행동을 탐색하여 생태관광 프로그램을 개발 및 지역 경제 활성화 전략을 수립하는 데 기여가 되기를 바란다.

TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF ECOLOGY IN THE LAI CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY OF THE CHIN HILLS

Kap, Joel Za Hlei Asia Pacific Garduate School of Theological Studie 2007 국내박사

The Lai are basically nature-oriented people. Their belief in the presence of spirits in every object is a protective belief in terms of ecology. However, the traditional way of shifting cultivation, the animal rearing system, and the collective behavior of hunting threatens the existence of the society. These collective behaviors cause four main integrated ecological problems-topsoil erosion, money erosion, animal erosion, and human erosion among the Lai community. Christianity was brought to the Lai community by the end of nineteenth century; a new world view was introduced to the Lai people. It enlightened the Lai people especially in terms of formal education. It approached the community with dualistic view of separating the secular and the sacred. This approach emphasized personal salvation and neglected the socio-economic reality of the community until today. A careful study of the social biography of a Lai farmer reveals to us that the Lai Christian community is suffering double poverty-material poverty and emotional or mental poverty. However, the message he or she usually hears is privatization of salvation, Jesus as personal savior, which tends to exclude other fellow human beings plus the rest of creation. What he or she needs is liberation now, but what he or she is given is salvation in the future. Therefore, for the Lai Christian community, the gospel becomes a comforter rather than a liberator; a sustainer rather than transformer. Although the Lai Christians have already celebrated one Christian centenary, they are still practicing the traditional shifting cultivation system which is one of the main causes of deforestation in Chin Hills. The dialectical analysis of the Lai Christian community uncovers some problems in the Lai Christian community. Namely, human beings are seen as creatures which dominate rather than care for the whole creation. The rest of creation is regarded as the means for human's end. The anthropocentric interpretation of salvation causes the privatization of salvation. It usually leads to selfish spirituality by ignoring the environment, including fellow human beings. Therefore, the research discovers that one of the main needs of the Lai Christian community is a new understanding of the whole creation. This new understanding will bring the Lai Christian from redemption-centered theology which tends to emphasize only salvation of the personal soul to creation centered salvation in which ground all creatures meet at the same position together. It also covers the whole aspects of human life. As the Lai Christians are the stewards of God in a broader sense, they are to prevent the four erosions and to present salvation in creation. In order to fulfill these two themes, the basic point is to the Lai Christians concept of the creature. The conceptual change, accepting the rest of the creatures as a part of human life, will develop the Lai Christians definition of sin and salvation. This change of theological understanding will create a new understanding of Christian stewardship. Christians' understanding of stewardship will become inclusive, keeping the rest of the creatures as their neighbors. Salvation will cover all aspects of life. Therefore, as we make the dialectical analysis on the Lai Christianity we find that Christian theology is social ethics. The consequences of conceptual change will be their eagerness to change their longtime practice of ecologically destructive traditional shifting cultivation to permanent commercial farming. Also needed is the change from an undisciplined animal rearing system to a systematic animal grazing system, from a hunting habit to caring for the valuable wild animals. The conceptual change will cause a change of lifestyle which finds better alternative ways of living as we propose Sloping Agricultural Land Technology as a permanent farming system for the Lai community by growing better cash crops. The Lai Christians will extend their traditional understanding of anthropocentric salvation to the understanding of the whole of creation as the household of God. This new understanding of ecology will lead the Lai Christians to take responsibility for all of creation. The selfish, personalized spirituality, will be turned into ecological spirituality which seeks justice, peace and integrity of the whole of creation. However, it is not to forget that as the dialectical method is an open ended method, this solution is an open ended solution. Instead of looking at ecology from the traditional perspective, the Lai Christians will read the Bible with the eyes of Asians from an ecological perspective. They will see all creatures in a new sense, realizing the interrelatedness of all creatures, and the interdependency of all creatures. They will realize the love of God in a broader sense which covers the whole of creation. Because, as the term "ecology" is derived from the Greek word iokos which means "house", the whole of creation is the household of God.

THE ECOLOGY OF NATIONS: BRITISH IMPERIAL SCIENCES OF NATURE, 1895-1945 (BRITISH EMPIRE)

ANKER, PEDER JOHAN HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This thesis focuses on the expansion of ecological research from botanical studies of sand dunes to human ecology within the British Empire. It argues that the correlation between nature's and society's imperial economy—the ecology of nations—was a crucial step in the conceptual and social development of ecological research. Elements of technology, psychology, epistemology, sociology, geography and historiography, as well as the natural sciences, constituted the broad methodological base of ecology. The result was a new ecological order of these ‘sciences of nature’ which could then establish a new order for both society and nature. Two different patronage networks supported the expansion of ecological reasoning: a small one centering around the South African botanist and politician Jan Christian Smuts, and a larger in the north, encompassing a set of British colonial agencies based in England. Both needed tools for understanding human relations to nature and society in order to set administrative economic policies for landscapes, population settlement and social control. With Arthur George Tansley as their main spokesman British ecologists developed a mechanistic view of ecology suitable for creating an administrative system for human and natural resources in the Empire. In the south, Smuts mobilized ecologists such as John Phillips and John William Bews to use his politics of holism to argue for an idealistic ecology that cold solve the Empire's environmental, social and racial problems. The clash between Tansley's ecosystem approach and Phillips' holistic theory of the biotic community was a formative debate which led to two different approaches to how to include humans in ecological research. In the south, Bews and Phillips explored the ecological division of labor in a racially segregated environment, while Smuts used ecological reasoning to write a racist charter for human rights for the United Nations. In the north, Tansley, Charles Elton, Julian Huxley, Max Nicholson, Edgar Worthington, and H. G. Wells promoted a new human ecology based on principles of economic planning, which Huxley tried to implement as Director General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

(The) effects of ecological English language learning on changes in EFL students' English proficiency and attitude

이윤정 Graduate School of Education, Korea University 2012 국내석사

Originally, the term ecosystem comes from biology, used to describe the populations living in a defined area and their interactions with each other and their shared environment. The academic study of ecosystems has been called as ecology (Vannucci, 1994; Kim, 2005). The term has also been used in sociology, psychology, and education, analyzing the elements and the relationship within each field for decades (Barker and Wright, 1954; Young, 1974; Bronfenbrenner, 1976, 1979; Gross, 2004). All the contexts of our lives may be thought of as elements of an ecosystem, interacting with others and with the environment. All of the living or nonliving components in any institution or organization can be compared to the biological features in an ecosystem. A classroom can be seen as an ecosystem, within which living components, such as the students, teachers and aides, and nonliving components are interdependent (Doyle, 1977; Sylverson, 2008). However, Buckelew (2010) points out “the autonomous and interdependent nature of humans and human ecosystems highlights the complexity of the human organisms in the educational setting.” Although the complexity of the interrelationship in a classroom ecosystem has been a serious impediment, it is necessary to understand how each factor of classroom ecology affects students’ learning. In recent decades, the attention on each separate factor in classroom ecology has been increasing continuously. The influence of teaching practices on secondary school students is typically studied in relation to academic achievement and motivational outcomes (Roeser, Eccles, & Sameroff, 2000). Also, peer influences on adolescents affect academic success (Berndt & Keefe, 1995). However, there are no studies which focus on the interrelationship between the learners and all the factors surrounding them, especially in EFL educational contexts. The purpose of the current study is, first, to propose a model for ecological English language learning, considering the framework of classroom ecology. Second, to examine the effect that the ecological approach has on English Language Learning contributes to and how it changes in students’ English proficiency, especially in receptive skills (e.g., listening, reading), and their attitude toward the English class. To empirically investigate the effect on the improvement of English proficiency, the CSAT scores were collected and analyzed. To explore the changes in attitude toward an English class the questionnaires were used twice. In the following sections I review research in support of the proposed model, specifically examining the ecological approach to education, classroom, and English language education.

The ecological Christ: Discerning an ecological consciousness in the Sermon on the Mount

Miaoulis, Nancy J University of New Hampshire 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ecology is the science that studies the function of communities of life within ecosystems. These systems are bound by an affirmation of relationship. Such relationships are very complex and every part of them is dependent on every other part if they are to maintain the integrity of nature that allows us all to survive. The adoption of the four principles of ecology: everything is connected to everything else; everything has to go somewhere; nature knows best; and there is no such thing as a free lunch---have been suggested to ensure the survival of all species. However, knowledge of scientific findings of both environmental problems and lasting solutions has had little impact on the way humans conduct their lives. Instituting an ecological consciousness will require a change in the values we commit to and the lens of ethics we apply to situations. Through a comprehensive literature review and a series of interviews with experts from the fields of ecology, theology, and ethics this dissertation will determine: (1) What is the core of ecological thought? (2) Are the principles of the Beatitudes applicable to the issues of ecology? (3) Can these principles induce a spiritual/behavioral paradigm shift sufficient to make a lasting and positive impact on the life of the universe?.

Bumble Bee Movement Ecology and Response to Wildfire with an Emphasis on Genetic Mark-recapture Techniques

Mola, John M University of California, Davis ProQuest Dissertat 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Bumble bees have long-served as model organisms of ecological research offering insight into the fields of behavioral ecology, animal movement, and pollination ecology. Recently reported declines in bumble bee populations have sparked intense interest in understanding their life history and response to changing landscapes. In this dissertation I focus on two areas of modern ecological interest: organismal movement and fire ecology, and examine them within the context of bumble bee biology. In chapter one, I review the tools available to researchers studying large-scale movements of bumble bees. In chapter two, I apply these tools to ask whether foraging range is potentially limited by natural barriers like forests or high elevations. In the final two chapters, I test how a natural disturbance in the form of wildfire affects bumble bee populations in terms of their floral resource availability, morphological changes, and population sizes as revealed from genetic mark-recapture. In my first chapter I sought to provide a one-stop-shop to the tools and methods available for the study of landscape-scale bumble bee movements. Because of bumble bees' cryptic nesting habits, high site-fidelity, and the difficulties of relocating marked insects over large distances, there have been a variety of direct and indirect ways researchers have attempted to estimate their movement patterns. I reviewed the advantages and limitations of various data sources including radar tracking, homing techniques, and genetic mark-recapture. I provide recommendations on appropriate techniques to use for different life stages and castes, emphasizing where recent methodological advances can help reveal key components of understudied parts of the bumble bee life cycle such as queen movement and dispersal.In chapter two, I examine the role of habitat fragmentation, resource availability, and species-specific differences in shaping the movement ecology of bumble bees. I used genetic mark-recapture to estimate the foraging distance, resource use, and population connectivity of two bumble bee species in a subalpine meadow complex. There was no evidence that forests function as barriers to fine-scale movement for either species. I found substantially larger foraging distances for Bombus vosnesenskii compared to B. bifarius. I commonly observed B. vosnesenskii foraging at distances exceeding 1 km among foraging patches separated by resource-poor conifer forest. The results suggest that bumble bee foraging patterns are explained by species-specific differences in movement capacity with little influence of previously suggested barriers like conifer forests. In chapters three and four, I took advantage of an unexpected opportunity to study wildfire. After the first year of field work, two wildfires burned through my study area subdividing it into burned and unburned patches. In chapter three I demonstrate how burning induces a prolonged flowering season, denser patches of blooms, and greater landscape-scale abundance of flowers available to bumble bee foragers. Importantly, the increased floral abundance in the burned areas did not come from a suite of fire-following plants unique to the burned sites, but instead was the result of an increased population of plants that were also present in the unburned areas. In chapter four I use genetic samples taken from bees before and after fire to show that the increased abundance of bumble bee foragers is not simply the result of a static population aggregating on concentrated floral resource abundance. Instead, genetic analyses reveal the presence of more bumble bee colonies following fire. Notably post-fire bees were also larger in body size and counts of queen bumble bees increased in the years following fire. Together these chapters represent new insights into bumble bee biology, movement ecology, and species response to disturbance. With technological advances in the tools available to researchers we can begin delving deeper into our understanding of cryptic parts of bumble bee ecology, like movement and response to disturbance. I hope this work stands as a worthwhile step towards that broader goal.

Using Anthropogenic Parameters at Multiple Scales to Inform Conservation and Management of a Large Carnivore

Wynn-Grant, Rae Jackson Columbia University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Human influence on the environment is becoming increasingly pervasive across the globe, and can drastically impact ecological patterns and processes. For many terrestrial wildlife species, human influence can fragment critical habitat, increase mortality, and threaten habitat connectivity and ultimately the persistence of wildlife populations. This dissertation aims to use multiple conservation ecology methods and tools to test the impact of human influence on the population dynamics of a large carnivore in a human-dominated landscape. To assess the impact of human activity on carnivore ecology, a series of empirical studies were conducted on a small population of American black bear (Ursus americanus) in the Western Great Basin, USA. A long-term dataset including geographic locations of animal habitat choices as well as mortality locations were used in multiple statistical models that tested the response of black bears to human activity. These analyses were conducted at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions to reveal nuances potentially overlooked if analyses were limited to a single resolution. Individual studies, presented as dissertation chapters, examine the relationships between human activity and carnivore ecology. Collectively, the results of these studies find black bear ecology to be highly sensitive to the magnitude and spatial composition of human activity in the Lake Tahoe Basin, observable at both coarse and fine spatial resolutions. The results presented in this study on the influence of human activity on large carnivore population dynamics allow for a more thorough understanding of the various ways common conservation ecology methods and tools can be used to evaluate human-wildlife relationships.

도시 등산로를 이용한 환경교육 프로그램에 대한 연구 : 수원시 청명산 중심으로

임혜자 연세대학교 교육대학원 2003 국내석사

오늘날 환경문제의 대안으로 교육을 통한 미래 세대들의 친환경적인 가치관 형성과 생태중심적인 사고의 전환이 가장 필요함을 요구하고 있다. 이러한 교육적 요구는 야외학습을 통한 자연과의 직접 체험과 환경에 대한 감수성을 기를 수 있는 현장체험학습의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 또한 많은 환경문제들이 지역을 중심으로 시작되는 것이기 때문에 환경교육의 시작은 지역을 기반으로 하는 프로그램으로 일상성과 지속성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 도시 등산로를 이용한 환경교육 프로그램을 적용 운영함으로써 등산로의 생태조사와 자연 체험놀이를 통하여 생태적 지식과 지역환경에 대한 관심을 증진시키고, 환경 감수성을 키움으로써 학생들의 친환경적 사고와 생태중심적 사고를 함양하는데 있다. 이에 대한 방법으로 먼 곳까지 자연 체험을 할 수 없는 도시의 학생들에게 도시 등산로는 다양한 생물종이 잘 보존된 곳은 아니지만 사계절에 걸친 숲의 생태 변화를 관찰할 수 있고, 숲을 이용한 자연체험 놀이를 중심으로 자연에 대한 감수성을 키울 수 있는 장소라 생각되어 등산로의 생태적, 지리적 조건을 이용하여 환경교육 프로그램을 적용, 운영하게 되었다. 숲을 주제로한 관련 프로그램을 영덕중학교 환경탐구반 33명을 대상으로 운영한 현장체험학습 프로그램은 생태조사 결과를 이용한 등산로의 생태지도 만들기, 도시 생태공원 탐방 , 자연체험 놀이를 중심으로 운영하였으며, 생태중심적인 사고와 환경에 대한 감수성을 증진하는데 프로그램의 주안점을 두었다. 프로그램에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위하여 활동 전과 후 학생들의 환경에 대한 지식, 태도, 행동의 변화를 알아보기 위한 통계 분석가 이루어졌다. 설문의 통계 분석 결과 활동후 학생들은 환경에 대한 지식보다는 야생 동·식물에 대한 태도와 보존에 대한 가치에 변화를 보였다. 또한, 가장 재미있었고 오래 기억에 남는 활동으로 자연체험놀이를 선택한 학생이 많았으며 자연체험놀이와 생태중심의 가치관에 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자연체험놀이가 환경에 대한 감수성을 강조한 프로그램으로 이루어져있고 생태중심의 사고를 형성하는데 관계가 있음을 의미한다. 이상과 같은 연구 결과 도시 등산로를 이용한 환경교육 프로그램은 학생들의 환경감수성과 생태적 사고의 함양을 위하여 의미있는 프로그램이긴 하나 가치관의 변화가 어느 한가지 요인에 의해서만 쉽게 이루어지는 것이 아니기 때문에 더욱 지속적이고 다양한 프로그램의 개발과 이를 지도할 수 있는 지역환경 단체 NGO와의 연계된 지도자와 지역사회의 지원체계가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. There is an urgent need as the alternative proposal of environment problem that the next generation build up the sense of environmental value and turn to the eco-centered values through the education. The educational requirement stresses the importance of field-experience and learns to grow direct experience in the nature and environment sensitivity through the out-door learning program. The program based on the community lets the environment education keep the connections to learners everyday lives and durability since a lot of environment problems are derived from the region. Therefore the purpose of study is to increase the interest of ecological knowledge and local environment by means of ecology investigation and nature experience game and build up the pro-environment and ecology-centered thought, operating the environment education program using the pathway in the mountain near the city. The pathway in the mountain near the city enables the students who cannot reach the wild nature environment far away to observe the movement of the ecology of forest over the four seasons and cultivate the sensitivity to the nature with their nature experience play in the forest even though a various creatures of the forest have not been in the good state of preservation. Thats why I pick up the pathway to adapt and operate the environmental education program to use its condition of ecosystem and geographical feature. Field-experience and learning program that operated the subject of 33 students in environment activity class, Young-duk middle school for the program related in based on the forest operated the center of nature experience game, city ecology park investigation and ecology mapping of pathway using result ecology research results and laid the main point of program to improve sensitivity of environment and ecology-centered. The statistical analysis is made to look into the students change of the knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior to the nature after and before the research. The report says that the students have more value change to the preservation of a wild animal and plant than information of environment. A great number of student select the nature experience play as the funniest and most impressed activity. And it shows there is relation between the nature experience play and ecology-centered value. The result means that the nature experience play is composed of programs to underline the sensitivity and related to the formation of ecology-centered thinking. As the result of study, there is a strong need of development of diverse programs, and leader and supporting system closely connected with the community and environ organization NGO in operating the environmental education program utilizing the pathway in the mountain near the city. Because the value of the students cannot be changed by only one unique factor in the program, even if the program has the advantage to develop the environment sensitivity and ecological thinking.

Indices and ecoinformatics tools for the study of soundscape dynamics

Villanueva-Rivera, Luis J Purdue University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The study of the new field of soundscape ecology presents several research avenues to explore. In the chapters in this dissertation, I have followed several of the technical and methodological areas of the study of soundscapes. In Chapter 1, I presented the current status of the study of soundscapes as well as an overview of the contributions made in this dissertation to the field. These contributions were framed in the definition of ecological informatics (Michener and Jones 2012). In Chapter 2, I developed a web-based system to manage audio archives. This system organizes thousands of audio files while collecting the necessary metadata. In Chapter 3, several of the concepts behind soundscapes and the science of soundscape ecology were introduced. This introduction was made in order to train ecologists that are interested in the field but have no experience in the science of acoustics or in the analysis of audio data. In Chapter 4, I tested several of the indices described in the soundscape ecology literature. These indices have been developed based on different aspects of the soundscape and may behave in different ways. Several of these indices were highly correlated, which indicated that the indices measured the same features of the soundscape using different calculations. In addition, I found that the length of the recording does not change the results obtained. This has practical implications since audio data takes a large amount of disk space per unit of time. The last chapter in this dissertation presented several general conclusions and recommendations for the further development of the field of soundscape ecology. The recommendations included dealing with the large number of soundscape indices in the literature and how to improve the technology used to study soundscapes. Several of these recommendations call for an organized effort between researchers to develop software tools, data archives and metadata formats.