Embassy and the unequal treaties

Mayo, Marlene June Xerox Univ. Microfilms 1961 국내박사

Operational Antecedents and Impacts of Turnover

Mayo, Kevin ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Operational turnover is double-edged. On the one hand, operational turnover may lead to the infusion of necessary fresh perspectives, while on the other it can lead to undesirable loss of knowledge. Additionally, operational turnover can occur at multiple levels, including across supply chains, among executives and among front-line workers. Turnover, as it relates to operations management, is an under-studied and important domain to explore as it may be influenced by, or lead to changes in, pivotal operational performance measures.While many firms manage employee turnover in light of operational requirements, operational decisions of the firm themselves impact turnover rates. In aggregate, a firm’s operational decisions may impact the turnover rate which can, in turn impact the operational performance. Thus, both the operational antecedents to and consequences of turnover must be understood.This dissertation addresses these questions, with two essays that study the operational impacts of turnover and one that studies the operational antecedents of turnover using large scale data and econometric methods. The first and third essay look at performance following turnover of CEOs and suppliers, respectively. The second essay examines the impact of scheduling decisions on nurse-aide turnover.

Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus Infection of Dairy Cattle in California

Mayo, Christie Ellen University of California, Davis 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The objectives of the studies were to utilize epidemiologic, virologic, and entomologic surveillance methods to further characterize the epidemiology of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection within California. The use of these methods has generated contemporary data for better-informed analyses and predictive models to estimate risk for BTV transmission among California dairy cattle. These data will also facilitate development of accurate predictive models that explore potential transmission among dairy cattle, as well as strategies for control and prevention of BTV transmission within the western United States and, potentially, the rest of the US. Findings from these studies confirm the importance of using sensitive surveillance methods for both midge collection and virus detection in epidemiological studies of BTV infection. Our results confirmed those of prior studies showing regional variation in the prevalence of BTV infection of livestock throughout California, with defined areas of exposure. Sentinel cattle from coastal northwestern California were consistently negative whereas there was a non-uniform distribution of BTV infection amongst cattle on dairy farms in the Central Valley. The BTV-free status of the northwestern region is probably attributable to the cooler temperatures in this area and their effect on the vectorial capacity of resident insect vector populations. Vector abundance and BTV infection prevalence of Culicoides sonorensis at individual farms within the Central Valley was analogous to the prevalence of BTV infection of sentinel cattle at each of the 4 farms studied. Although mean maximum and minimum temperatures were similar at the 4 dairy farms, the variation in vector abundance most likely was the result of lagoon waste-water and irrigation management practices at individual farms. Dairy wastewater lagoon ponds are present on many dairy farms throughout California and are a major larval habitat as larvae thrive within the muddy embankments of gently sloping and polluted lagoons. Lagoon wastewater provides a cost-effective irrigation and nitrogen source for corn grown on dairy farms for silage. Planting of corn typically begins in late April and early May, and the waste lagoons are slowly drained for irrigation providing moist, muddy habitats at the margins for larval populations of Culicoides sonorensis. Thus, extensive irrigation of crops coupled with the use of lagoon waste-water at individual farms likely promotes the expansion of resident populations of C. sonorensis midges and subsequent seasonal transmission of BTV to livestock. Findings of BTV infection rates of C. sonorensis midges detected earlier in the season than infection of sentinel cattle, in addition to the plurality of serotypes on individual dairy farms, might suggest that the midge vector constitutes a reservoir of genetically divergent BTVs that potentially sustain the virus in seasonally endemic areas. The data also suggest that infection prevalence may be misrepresented when UV light traps are exclusively used for collection of C. sonorensis midges, a method most often used in vector surveillance. In summary, our studies confirmed anthropogenic factors, and not just meteorological ones, can be important in determining the prevalence of BTV infection of livestock on individual farms in California. Identifying the relationships among ecological and anthropogenic drivers of BTV infection, vector biology, and viral transmission dynamics are important first steps towards developing realistic epidemiologic models to identify and assess cost-effective control measures for mitigation of BTV transmission.

More to the Story: Minoritized Students' Narratives of Provocative Moments Abroad

Mayo, Julius William ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Ohio State Uni 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Unexpected, disruptive personal dilemmas that occur during experiential learning opportunities such as study abroad spark intellectual and developmental growth by requiring participants to reflect internally on different ways to think and act. Expanding the existing literature on the unique and consequential ways students with marginalized social identities navigate this process overseas motivated this study. Interviews with two female and three male undergraduates provided new insight into the provocative moments that required these individuals with lived experiences traditionally underrepresented in study abroad to reflect inwardly on their meaning-making processes during a four-week course in France and Morocco.This narrative inquiry included artifact analysis describing how context, disorientation, social support, and preparation shaped participants’ self-reflective journeys abroad. Areas of investigation included examining which contexts generated what participants described as provocative moments and the approaches they used to navigate these significant perceived dilemmas. The use of a Post-Foundational and poststructural lens for additional analysis revealed additional contextual considerations. The other frameworks shed new light on understanding how participants used their developing internal voice to figure out strategies for adapting and adjusting to unsettling predicaments that required them to look inwardly for resolution.

H.O.T. Communication: Honest, Open, & Two-Way: Examining the Effectiveness of a Communication Suite in Online Education

Mayo, Idris ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Distance education has grown over the past several years due to the integration of technology and its advancements. The flexibility, convenience to the learner, and cost-effectiveness of online learning contributes to this rise in popularity (Boling et al., 2012). Consequently, U.S. colleges and universities are quickly establishing a vast array of distance learning programs and initiatives (Ernest et al., 2013; Jones & Wolf, 2010; Northcote et al., 2015). Communication in these colleges and universities among professors and students is vital, but it is especially critical in an online learning environment where social relationships are formed from the information conveyed by computer-mediated communication (Tu, 2000). Communicating immediacy between the instructor and student, facilitating reflection, and furthering discourse can build rapport while allowing the student to engage with the course content (Tu, 2000; Swan et al., 2008). Further, communication between the professor and the student enhances a sense of belonging, individuality, and intimacy in online learning environments (Boling et al, 2012). Online professors operate in a unique digital space where they provide guidance, instruction, and support to their online students without being in the same place and time. The purpose of this action research study was to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students regarding the strategies that can be used to improve the professor-student communication within the online educational setting. I explored this phenomenon using the theory of transactional distance and the social presence theory. This action research study involved the intervention of a Communication (COMM) Suite along with the participation of undergraduate students who have experienced online learning using both synchronous and asynchronous platforms. I collected data using a Likert scale survey accompanied by individual semi-structured interviews.

Field and matrix models of two-dimensional turbulence

Mayo, Jackson Ralph Princeton University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The turbulent behavior of a two-dimensional incompressible fluid is interesting for its atmospheric and astrophysical applications as well as for its unique dynamical features. In contrast to the three-dimensional case, energy injected by continual stirring is transferred to ever-larger scales in an "inverse cascade." Linear friction (rather than viscosity) can ultimately dissipate the energy, resulting in statistically stationary turbulence. This large-scale behavior is analyzed here using the path-integral form of stochastic dynamics and the renormalization-group (RG) methods of quantum field theory. Galilean invariance and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) reflect important symmetries of the path integral and together imply vanishing anomalous dimensions. Thus the observed nontrivial scaling of the inverse cascade cannot be explained by any RG fixed point. Instead, the scaling is conjectured to arise from a linear beta function at strong coupling, consistent with an extrapolation of the two-loop perturbative beta function. The RG flow indicates violation of scale invariance, but the expected intermittency has not been definitively observed. When analogous RG methods are applied to the one-dimensional Burgers equation using an FDT-preserving dimensional continuation, equipartition is obtained instead of a cascade---in agreement with numerical simulations. For a complementary view of the two-dimensional inverse cascade, a discrete-time matrix model is used to compactify the configuration space of a fluid two-sphere and enable a strong-coupling expansion. At infinite coupling, the fluid configuration is uncorrelated in time and the energy stays at small scales. The leading correction, however, suggests a continuous-time limit qualitatively consistent with the inverse cascade.

Essays on the Nonprofit Sector

Mayo, Jennifer ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation uses public-use data to examine the ways in which nonprofits respond to information and emerging trends. Chapter I studies responses to charity ratings. Chapter II examines the effect of big gifts on rival charities. Chapter III describes long-run trends in giving in the United States.Chapter I focuses on donor and nonprofit responses to the star rating system designed by Charity Navigator. Using IRS Form 990 data from 2002 to 2019, I find that an increase in a charity's rating from 3- to the highest 4-star rating is associated with a 6% rise in contributions, with larger effects among smaller charities. Some charities respond to the incentives by changing their behavior to try to get themselves above the star thresholds, leading to "bunching" at the thresholds. This response is equal to the effect of charities halving spending on administration. I find that some of the response is due to misreporting of expenses in order to achieve a higher star rating. The analysis suggests that a notched rating system induces greater behavioral change than a continuous measure, but affects a smaller number of charities. Which rating system is preferred depends on the relative value placed on these effects.In chapter II, I examine the effect of very large donations on rival charities. Recent work has documented a shift in charitable giving, such that an increasing share of households are "non-givers", while major donors are giving more. We know that this has changed the distribution of giving, but we know less about how it is affecting the nonprofit landscape. Using novel information on big gifts, I find evidence of positive spillovers on donations and charitable activities for charities that are "close" to the recipient of a big gift, but negative spillovers on organizations that are viewed as substitutes. Positive spillovers are strongest for smaller gifts and smaller charities, suggesting that charities are first to react when they are less visible to donors.Chapter III, which is co-authored with Nicolas Duquette, describes long-run trends in the distribution of charitable contributions in the United States. Over the past several decades, those who donate the most in any given year have made a rising share of all contributions. These households are also more likely to be married, older, and to have children than those who are not top donors. The concentration of giving across charitable organizations has been more modest, suggesting much of the concentration of donations has happened within, rather than across, charities. We conclude with a review of tax policies that affect the composition of donors and donees and proposals for tax policy reforms that would broaden the donor base.

Law and Discretion in California Charter School Oversight

Mayo, Kelsey W ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Over the past 25 years, charter schools have grown rapidly both in number and in popularity through market reforms to education at federal, state, and local district levels. With this rise has come a practical and scholarly focus on charter scho. One strategy to ensure charter quality has been to attend to oversight responsibilities carried out by local and state authorizers. Existing literature on these authorizers has taken a predominantly comparative approach, mapping the oversight st. To address such gaps, this project trains a sociolegal lens on oversight fora and its participants. How do formal legal requirements shape the local practice of charter oversight? How does embedded discretion affect regulatory processes surround. This study examines the role of law as a primary institutional logic of charter oversight in California, the state with the largest and arguably most diverse population of charter schools in the nation. I focus on charter establishment and renew. The first chapter provides background on the demographics of charter schools and the oversight structure in California. Chapter 2 reviews the previous research on charter quality and oversight and delves into the conceptual approaches mentioned. The study's findings challenge the prevalent notion that charter quality is an objective organizational fact. It presents evidence that authorizers' decisions reflect conflicting institutional currents now present in larger charter environment a.

Classroom Technology and Motion Sickness

Mayo, Anthony Maurice University of Minnesota 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

This study was spurred by reports of a presentation software application causing symptoms of motion sickness in classroom and training environments. Many educators use presentation applications to help convey ideas and concepts related to course learning objectives. Thus, presentations that make learners ill can have a serious consequence on learning. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of classroom presentations with different optic flow characteristics on symptoms of motion sickness. In Experiment 1, college-aged students were exposed to either a low optic flow (LOF) presentation or a high optic flow (HOF) presentation. In Experiment 2, students were exposed to either a HOF presentation or a moderate optic flow (MOF) one. In both experiments, students completed a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) (Kennedy, Lane, Berbaum, and Lilienthal, 1993) before and after instruction to assess severity of motion sickness. In addition, in both experiments, students completed a quiz that assessed learning. Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Tests were conducted to determine differences in ranking of PRE- and POST-SSQ scores. Differences in quiz scores between groups were assessed using independent samples t-tests. In Experiment 1, participants who viewed a HOF presentation experienced a significant increase in simulator sickness symptoms, while those who viewed a LOF presentation did not. In Experiment 2, participants in both HOF and MOF groups experienced a significant increase in simulator sickness symptoms. In both experiments, no differences in quiz scores between groups were found. These results suggest that moderate to high amounts of optic flow can cause an increase in symptoms of motion sickness in individuals who view animated instructional presentations.

Human drug conditioning: Combining self-report, behavioral, and psychophysiological measures

Mayo, Leah Marie The University of Chicago 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Environmental stimuli, or cues, present during the drug taking experience become powerful reinforcers of drug seeking and drug taking behaviors and play a central role in several theories of drug addiction. This is demonstrated by animal models of addictive-like behaviors, which have shown that drug-related cues contribute to the acquisition, maintenance, and relapse to drug-motivated behaviors. Clinical findings suggest that cues and contexts associated with drug use can incite relapse in formerly dependent individuals trying to abstain from drug use. Furthermore, experimental evidence from substance-dependent human populations have shown that drug cues elicit a range of subjective, cognitive, and physiological responses and that variation in these responses can predict relapse. However, little information exists on the acquisition of these drug-cue associations in humans, or on the mechanisms underlying the variation in responses to drug cues. Controlled studies are critical to gain better understanding of the acquisition of these responses, potential implications of the differences in the response modality, and determinants of variation in the expression of such responses to attenuate their influence on drug motivated behaviors. This dissertation describes the implementation of a novel human drug conditioning paradigm in which we can study both the acquisition and expression of responses to drug-associated cues in humans. In study one, we describe the paradigm and its production of enhanced behavioral preference towards a methamphetamine-associated cue. In study 2, we extend the paradigm to include objective measures of conditioned response, including emotional reactivity and attention bias. In study 3, we further extend the research to a different drug of abuse; alcohol. Overall, we demonstrate that humans acquire associations between drugs environmental stimuli present in the drug taking experience. Furthermore, our findings suggest that subjective drug effects may play a key role in the acquisition of these associations.