Revitalization of agricultural cooperatives in Senegal : Lessons from South Korea

Kane Medoune 영남대학교 박정희새마을대학원 2018 국내석사

Among other strategies to achieve the rural development, Agricultural Cooperatives are the ones identified as potentially powerful mechanisms for supporting sustainable rural livelihoods and agricultural development as proven by policy makers, academics and donors. Moreover the agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) includes several mentions to cooperatives as diverse private sector actors to achieve the SDGs, creating an opportunity for the cooperative movement to demonstrate its contributions and commitment to engage. That is to say Sustainable Development is at the very core of cooperative enterprises. Also the United Nations Organization (UNO) stated that fifty five percent (55%) of agricultural production in developed countries is provided by agricultural cooperatives. Notwithstanding, it’s not granted to succeed this address on rural livelihoods and the poverty reduction in developing countries because of the lack of dynamisms and Senegal does not depart from the rule. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative data with descriptive statistic. And a survey questionnaire was given to 120 agricultural cooperatives members randomly in three different regions. The study found out that the current situation of Agricultural Cooperatives in Senegal copes with many challenges such as the management structure, a guaranteed market for the production and the access to credit as revealed by the survey analysis given to our respondents. Exploring the situation deeply through our documentation, the study revealed three periods characteristic of the evolution of the cooperative movement in Senegal. The first period corresponds to a certain interventionism of cooperatives by the Senegalese State. The second period, which began around 1980s, was marked by a relative decline in the cooperative movement, particularly following the disengagement of the State. The last period, which begins in the 1990s, reflects a tendency to revitalize the cooperative sector which this research seeks to contribute. Studying the agricultural cooperatives in Korea revealed a powerful structure with the multipurpose management system of Korea Agricultural cooperatives, the organizational structure and the financial system which contributed in the establishment of a strong agricultural cooperative known as NongHyup and lead by NACF. It is also found that ACK is ranked among the top five best ACs in the world and a good model for rural development that Senegal should copy for the revitalization and give a strong signal. Aware of this impact of agricultural cooperatives as a tool of rural development, we have deemed necessary to tackle this topic. By so doing, the Korean Agricultural Cooperatives was explored as being a good model for developing countries. This study revealed through the Korean system the factors that can lead to successful agricultural cooperatives for the revitalization in Senegal. As a matter of fact, the national program for investment of the country in agriculture has become more important than before. And thus the involvement in agricultural cooperatives will be profitable in the rural development of the country. This paper sought to contribute to the large field of knowledge to show that the agricultural cooperatives can be the engine of growth in order to generate income for the rural population, to ensure the structural transformation of the economy, food self-sufficiency and the sustainable rural livelihood in whole. All things considered, this study will arouse enthusiasm for farmers to join agricultural cooperative in Senegal, find out the effective roles of agricultural cooperatives in sustainability in the era of policies of the country for emergence. 농촌 개발을 달성하기 위해 농업협동조합은 지속 가능한 농촌 생활과 농업 개발을 지원할 수 있는 주요한 전략이다. 또한 지속 가능한 개발 목표 (SDGs)의 목표를 달성을 위한 다양한 민간 주체로서 협동조합에 대한 참여와 기여는 중요하게 인식되어 지고 있다. 즉 지속가능한 개발은 협동조합의 핵심이며, 선진국 농산물의 55 %가 농업 협동 조합에 의해 제공되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 농촌 생계와 개발 도상국의 빈곤 퇴치에 성공을 거두지 어려우며, 세네갈에서는 활력의 결여로 시행 조차 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국의 협동조합의 사례를 바탕으로 세네갈 농업협동조합의 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구방법은 문헌연구와 실증연구를 병행하였으며, 실증연구를 위해서는 120명의 세네갈 협동조합원을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 협동조합의 현황에 대하여 조사 분석하였다. 분석결과 조합원들은 관리구조, 시장확보 및 신용접근에 대한 문제점을 제시하였다. 한국의 농업 협동 조합은 다목적 관리 체계, 조직 구조 및 금융 시스템이 강력한 농협 협동 조합 (NongHyup)과 농협 중앙회 (NACF)의 설립에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ACK는 세계 상위 5대 최고의 ACs중 하나이며 세네갈은 재활을 위해서 모방과 강한 시그널을 주기 위한 좋은 모델이라는 평가받고 있어 한국 농업 협동 조합은 개발 도상국의 좋은 모델로 여겨진다. 이러한 요인을 교훈삼아, 세네갈의 재건을 위한 농업협동조합은 중요한 수단으로 인식되며, 한국의 제도는 세네갈의 중요한 요소로 인식된다. 이 논문은 농업 협동 조합이 전체적으로 농촌에 거주하는 시민들을 위해 소득을 창출하고 경제의 구조적 변화, 식량 자급 및 지속 가능한 농촌을 보장하기 위한 성장의 엔진이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 대규모 지식 분야에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Hammering down nails : Politics, diplomacy, and the quest for national unity in Japan and America, 1912--1919

Kane, Robert Gabriel University of Pennsylvania 2002 국내박사

An analysis of kinship in personal support systems

Kane, Stephen William Syracuse University 1983 해외석사

Oil Cross-Price Elasticity of Energy R&D Demand : A 12-Country Panel Analysis

Kane, Kevin P. 서울대학교 국제대학원 2009 국내석사

The League of left wing writers and Chinese literary policy

Kane, Anthony James UMI 1982 국내박사

An Analysis of kinship in personal support systems

Kane, Stephen W Graduate School of Syracuse University 1983 국내박사

JOHN HULL AND ROBERT SANDERSON : FIRST MASTERS OF NEW ENGLAND SILVER. (VOLUME I--TEXT AND VOLUME IV--APPENDICES ONLY) (MASSACHUSETTS)

KANE, PATRICIA ELLEN Yale University 1987 국내박사

FIGURING A TRADITION : ROMANTIC POETICS AND THE WRITING OF ENGLISH PAINTING, 1769-1860. (VOLUMES I AND II) (ART CRITICISM)

LEW, LAURIE KANE University of Chicago 1994 해외박사

The education of young girls: The case of Fouta Toro, Senegal

Kane, Rakhmatou University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The education of young girls in Senegal is affected by low admission and completion rates. This study unveils some of the socio-economic factors relating to the schooling of females in rural Muslim areas; it focuses on Fouta Toro, Senegal. Despite certain measures which aimed at closing the gap between males and females (i.e. the <italic>Programme pour la Scolarisation des Jeunes Filles </italic>), education still is, at least to some extent, considered a male endeavor in rural communities such as the ones described in this study. The status of women in their communities contributes to the current state of education with regard to females. The schooling of young girls is impacted by diverse socio-economic and curricular factors that pertain to patriarchal conceptions that have gone unquestioned. If girls are to be given the same social opportunities as their male counterparts, some of those concepts need to be reformulated to suit the needs of females. In addition, school curricula should reflect those changes.

Pilgrims, holy places, and the multi-confessional empire: Russian policy toward the Ottoman Empire under Tsar Nicholas I, 1825--1855

Kane, Eileen M Princeton University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

In the minds of most historians of imperial Russia, the reign of Tsar Nicholas I (r. 1825--1855) is closely linked with the ideological slogan known as Official Nationality. Consisting of three principles---Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality---and promoted by Russian officials as state doctrine beginning in the early 1830s, Official Nationality is generally considered the guiding ideology of both domestic and foreign policy under Nicholas I. Thus scholars have seen Russia's foreign policy toward the Ottoman Empire in this period as an expression of the tsar's commitment to Orthodoxy as a foundation of the Russian state. This dissertation argues that in fact Russia had no uniform "Orthodox policy" during this period: Russian officials did not only, or even primarily, rely on Orthodoxy to extend Russia's influence into the Ottoman Empire. While most studies of Russo-Ottoman relations rely on the perspectives of ruling elites in St. Petersburg and Istanbul, this dissertation also examines the correspondence of Russian and Ottoman officials posted in the Russian-ruled Caucasus and the Ottoman regions of Syria and Palestine. These sources reveal that policies favored by leading officials in St. Petersburg---such as restricting Muslim pilgrimage from the Caucasus to Mecca, and using the Orthodox Churches of Syria and Palestine as a base for Russian influence there---were not always embraced or executed by Russian officials on the ground in those regions. In the context of imperial rivalries in predominantly Muslim parts of Syria and Palestine, many saw the presence of Muslim pilgrims from Russia in the region as crucial to the establishment of Russian influence there. Finally this dissertation argues that Tsar Nicholas I's 1853 invasion of the Ottoman Empire on the pretext of "defending" Orthodoxy---the event that triggered the Crimean War---was not the culmination of a well-established "Orthodox policy," but rather marked a sharp break from the ongoing efforts of officials within Nicholas's government to promote the tsar as "protector" of many faiths, and to cultivate the loyalties of Ottoman subjects across confessional and sectarian lines. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).