The effects of information presentation and modification on decision performance

Ghani, Jawaid Abdul U.M.I. 1981 국내박사

The Effects of information representation on decision performance

Ghani, Jawaid Abdul University Microfilms International 1984 국내박사

Synthesis and characterization of aromatic group-cored amphiphiles for membrane protein study

Ghani, Lubna 한양대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

Membrane proteins are crucial for cellular physiology as they are directly involved in a large spectrum of cellular processes including transport of biological molecules and ions, intracellular signal transduction and are major human drug targets. These bio-macromolecules are difficult to study than soluble proteins because they are relatively unstable, often losing both structural and functional integrity, once extracted from the native membranes. Accordingly, there is great interest in the structure and function of these proteins in order to both fundamentally understand mechanism of action and to rationally design drug molecules. Their extraction, purification, and in vitro investigation remain challenging largely because these biological entities are present in low levels naturally, are challenging to recombinant overexpress and exhibit limited stability once extracted from the native lipid bilayers. A key requirement in the isolation and structural study of membrane proteins is that they must be maintained in solution by amphipathic additives that shield the large hydrophobic protein surfaces from the polar aqueous environment. Detergents are amphiphilic compounds widely used to extract membrane proteins from the native membranes and maintain them in a stable form during downstream analysis. However, due to limited properties of conventional detergents, it is essential to develop novel amphiphiles with optimal properties for protein stability in order to advance membrane protein research. In this thesis several novel classes of amphiphiles having distinct architecture from conventional detergents will be introduced. To investigate their utilities as biochemical tools, these agents were evaluated for solubilization and stabilization of a diverse set of membrane proteins. We have first designed and synthesized two sets of 1,3,5-triazine-cored detergents with two alkyl chains and a branched dimaltoside head group, designated 1,3,5-triazine-cored maltosides (TEMs and TSMs). Each set contains either serinol or diethanolamine as a linker used to connect the maltoside head group with the 1,3,5-triazine ring. These agents were evaluated with several model membrane proteins and their efficacies were compared with DDM in terms of protein solubilization and stabilization. This study identified several promising detergents, particularly TEM-E10 and TEM-T9, that endow a range of membrane proteins with markedly enhanced stability compared to DDM. Enhanced protein stabilization efficacy conferred by the TEM-Ts, especially TEM-T9, provoked us to prepare their analogs by changing the head group from maltose to glucose. Here a rigid linker, tris(hydoxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), was used to connect the 1,3,5-triazine-core with the glucoside-based hydrophilic group instead of the serinol or diethanolamine linker. This class of amphiphiles, designated TTG-Ts, not only displayed differences in physical properties in solution as compared to the previous version (TEMs/TSMs), but also showed a profound effectiveness with the tested membrane proteins despite the presence of the glucoside head group. All TTG-Ts were more effective than DDM at stabilizing model membrane proteins. Among all tested agents, TTG-T11 was the best performer for LeuT, MelBSt and β2AR stability. In next study we have synthesized a class of amphiphiles that can be divided into three subclasses according to a linker used to connect two triazine units. These amphiphiles were designed in such a way that two triazine units, possessing two alkyl chains and maltose head groups, were connected to each other using three different linkers: ethylenediamine (TZM-Es), hydrazine (TZM-Hs) and resorcinol (TZM-Rs). The TZM-Es and TZM-Hs were comparable to each other for membrane protein stabilization and these new agents were superior to DDM. In the case of the TZM-Rs, there agents were generally better than DDM, but were worse than the other sets for protein stabilization, mainly due to high hydrophilicity of the head group. As for another new class of detergents for membrane protein analysis, we continued to synthesize dialkoxybenzene-derived glycoside (ABGs) amphiphiles. These amphiphiles commonly bear two alkyl chains as the hydrophobic groups and four glucose or two maltosides as the hydrophilic groups. By varying the relative locations of the two alkyl chains or head groups around the central benzene core, we could prepare the new detergents with different degree of segregation between the head group and tail groups. By doing so, we can evaluate detergent efficacy for protein stabilization in terms of segregation of detergent hydrophilic group from the hydrophobic group. All the synthesized amphiphiles were physically characterized and utility of these amphiphiles with multiple membrane proteins is in progress. 막단백질은 생물학적 분자와 이온의 수송, 세포 내 신호 전달 그리고 인간 약물의 주요 표적을 포함하는 광범위한 세포 과정에 직접적으로 연관되어 있기에 세포 생리학에 있어 매우 중요하다. 이러한 생체 거대 분자는 수용성 단백질보다 연구하기가 어려운데 왜냐하면 막단백질은 상대적으로 불안정해서 일단 자연 상태의 막에서 추출되면 그들의 온전한 구조와 기능을 상실하기 때문이다. 그런 이유로 작용 기전을 근본적으로 이해하고 약물 분자를 합리적으로 설계하기 위해 이들 단백질의 구조 및 기능에 큰 관심을 가지고 있다. 막단백질은 자연적으로 낮은 수준으로 존재하고, 재조합 과발현에 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 일단 자연 상태의 지질 이중층으로부터 추출되면 제한된 안정성을 보이기 때문에, 이들의 추출, 정제 및 생체 외 검사는 큰 도전으로 남아있다. 막단백질의 분리 및 구조 연구에서 핵심적인 요구 사항은 소수성 단백질 표면을 보호하는 양친매성 첨가제를 이용하여 극성 수성 환경으로부터 막단백질이 유지되어야 한다는 것이다. 양친매성 분자는 세포막으로부터 막단백질을 추출하고 이를 다운 스트림 분석 동안 안정한 형태로 유지하기 위해 널리 사용되는 양쪽성 화합물이다. 그러나, 기존 양친매성 분자의 특성이 제한되어 있기 때문에 막단백질 연구를 진행시키기 위해서는 단백질 안정성을 위한 최적의 특성을 갖는 새로운 양친매성 물질을 개발하는 것은 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 기존 양친매성 분자와는 다른 구조를 가진 몇 가지 새로운 종류의 양친매성 분자 종류들이 소개될 것이다. 생화학적 도구로서의 유용성에 접근하기 위해, 이 물질들을 다양한 막단백질에 대한 추출 및 안정화 능력에 대한 평가를 진행하였다. 우리는 두개의 알킬 사슬과 1,3,5-triazine-중심구조의 maltosides (TEMs 및 TSMs)로 지정된 분지된 디말토사이드 헤드 그룹을 가진 1,3,5-triazine-중심 양친매성 분자 두 세트를 설계하고 합성하였다. 각각의 세트는 말토사이드 헤드 그룹과 1,3,5-트리아진 고리를 연결하는데 사용되는 링커로서 각각세리놀(Serinol) 또는 디에탄올아민(Diethanolamine)을 사용하였다. 우리는 이 물질들을 다양한 모델의 막단백질을 이용하여 평가하였고, 단백질의 추출 및 안정화 능력에 대하여 DDM과 비교하였다. 이 연구는 DDM과 비교하여 다양한 막단백질에서 현저하게 향상된 안정성을 갖는 여러 유망한 양친매성 분자, 특히 TEM-E10 및 TEM-T9를 확인하였다. TEM-Ts에 의해 향상된 단백질 안정화 효능을 바탕으로 기본구조에서말토오스에서 글루코즈로 헤드 그룹을 교체함으로써 TEM-Ts의 유사체를 설계 및 제조하였다. 여기서 세리놀 또는 디에탄올아민 링커 대신에 새로운 링커인 트리스 (하이드록시메틸) 아미노메탄 (TRIS)을 사용하여 소수성 부분을 친수성 부분과 연결하였다. 이 종류의 양친매성 물질은 이전 버전 (TEMs/TSMs)과 비교하여 물리적 특성의 차이를 보여줄 뿐만 아니라 평가된 막단백질에 대해 상당한 우수성을 나타냈다. 모든 TTG-Ts는 모델 막단백질 안정화에서 DDM보다 더 효과적이었다. 모든 시험된 분자 중에서, 특히 TTG-T11은 막단백질인 LeuT, MelBSt 및 β2AR 안정성에 대하여 최고의 성능을 가졌다. 다음 연구에서 우리는 두 개의 트리아진 단위를 연결하는데 사용되는 링커에 따라 세 가지 하위 클래스로 나눌 수 있는 양친매성 분자들을 합성하였다. 이들 양친매성 물질은 두개의 알킬 사슬 및 말토오스 헤드 그룹을 갖는 두개의 트리아진 단위가 3가지 다른 링커를 사용하여 서로 연결되도록 설계하였다: 에틸렌디아민 (TZM-Es), 히드라진 (TZM-Hs) 및 레조르시놀 (TZM- Rs). TZM-Es 및 TZM-Hs는 막단백질 안정화에 대해 서로 대등하였으며, 이 새로운 분자들은 DDM보다 우수하였다. TZM-Rs가 일반적으로 DDM보다 우수하였지만, 헤드 그룹의 높은 친수성으로 인해 단백질 안정화에서 다른 세트보다 더 나빴다. 막단백질 분석을 위한 새로운 종류의 양친매성 분자에 대하여, 우리는 디알콕시벤젠에서 유도된 글루코사이드 및 말토사이드 (ABGs 및 ABMs/Ms) 양친매체들을 계속 합성하였다. 이들 양친매체는 일반적으로 소수성기로 2개의 알킬 사슬을 가지고 친수성기로 4개의 글루코즈 또는 2개의 말토사이드를 가지고 있다. 중앙 벤젠 코어 주위의 두 알킬 사슬 또는 헤드 그룹의 상대적인 위치를 변경함으로써 헤드 그룹과 꼬리 부분 사이의 분리 정도가 다른 새로운 양친매성 분자를 준비할 수 있었다. 이렇게 함으로써, 양친매성 분자의 소수성기로부터 분리된 친수성기의 단백질 안정화에 대한 효능을 평가할 수 있다. 모든 합성된 양친매성 분자는 물리적으로 특징지어졌고, 다수의 막단백질에 대한 이 클래스 양친매성 분자의 유용성 평가가 진행 중이다.

The effects of information presentation and modification on decision performance

Ghani, Jawaid Abdul University Microfilms International 1984 해외박사

Genetic and environmental variations for soybean sprout traits : 콩나물 형질의 유전적 및 환경적 변이

Ghani, Mirwais 경북대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

콩나물은 비타민, 스테롤, 토코페놀, 미네랄, 지방, 당 그리고 페놀 등이 함유되어 있어 건강에 좋은 식물의 원료이다. 이 실험은 두 개의 재조합 자식계통을 2년간 심어 콩나물 관련 형질의 유전 변이와 환경변이를 측정하여 향후 나물콩 품종육성시 기초차료로 이용하기 위해 실시되었다. 콩나물 관련형질은 콩나물 총 길이, 배축 길이, 배축 두께, 단일 콩나물 무게, 계통 별 콩나물 수량을 측정하였다. Bosug x KLG11183(집단 1) 유래 170개의 재조합자식계통과 KLG11525 x KLG11183(집단 2) 유래 185개의 재조합자식계통을 2015년과 2016년에 대구에 위치한 경상북도 농업기술원 시험포장에 2반복으로 심어 수확하였다. 생육기간 동안 농업적 형질을 조사하였으며 성숙기에 수확된 종자를 정선하여 콩나물 재배 실험에 이용하였다. 콩나물 생장은 암실에서 온도는 20 ℃, 상대습도는 80%의 조건으로 5일 동안 진행되었다. 콩나물 특성에 대한 유전 변이와 환경 변이가 대부분 인정이 되었다. 각 집단에서 콩나물 총 길이, 배축 길이, 배축 두께 그리고 콩나물 수량은 유의적인 변이를 보였다. 집단 1에서 콩나물의 총 길이는 9.7-18.4 cm, 배축 길이는 5.2-11.8 cm, 배축 두께는 1.4-2.1 mm, 그리고 계통 별 콩나물 수량은 192.5-457.0%로 나타났다. 집단 2에서는 콩나물의 총 길이는 11.1-19.8 cm, 배축 길이는 6.5-12.0 cm, 배축 두께는 1.4-2.0 mm, 그리고 계통 별 콩나물 수량은 230.0-485.0%로 나타났다. 집단 1과 2에서 각각 43, 41개의 계통이 콩나물 특성이 우수하여 향후 나물콩 육성의 육종재료로 선발되었다. Soybean sprouts are rich in health-promoting phytochemicals. Soybean sprouts are contain vitamins, sterols, tocopherols, minerals, lipids, sugars and phenolic compounds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate inbred lines for several desirable sprout characteristics including sprout length, hypocotyl length, hypocotyl thickness, single sprout weight and sprout yield. A total of 170 (F7:8 to F7:9) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from Bosug × KLG11183 (population 1) cross and 185 (F4:5 to F4:6) RILs from KLG11525 × KLG11183 (population 2) cross along with the parental lines of the respective cross were grown in the year 2015 and 2016 at Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Service, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Agronomic traits were recorded at R7 and R8 growth stages. The mature plants were harvested and dry seeds of 170 lines from population 1 and 177 lines from population 2 were used for sprout experiments. Sprouts were grown at 20 0C and relative humidity of 80% in the dark growth chamber for five days. Significant variation for sprout length, hypocotyl length, hypocotyl thickness and sprout yield was observed among the inbred lines. RILs from population 1 showed sprout length from 9.7 to 18.4 cm, hypocotyl length from 5.2 to 11.8 cm, hypocotyl thickness from 1.4 to 2.1 mm and sprout yield from 192.5% to 457.0%. Similarly, the RILs from population 2 showed sprout length from 11.1 to 19.8 cm, hypocotyl length from 6.5 to 12.0 cm, hypocotyl thickness from 1.4 to 2.0 mm and sprout yield from 230.0% to 485.0%. Forty-three lines from population 1 and forty-one lines from population 2 were selected based on sprout high yield. These lines may find useful as a breeding material for developing new soybean cultivar for sprout.

Advanced visualization, navigation, and interaction in graphs: Theory, design, and evaluation

Ghani, Sohaib Purdue University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Graph visualization is one of the most common sub-fields of information visualization as graphs appear in numerous daily life applications such as social networks, web browsing, computer file systems, airline networks, and data structures. Graph visualization uses graphical representations of these networks to show relationship structures, allowing easy analysis, finding key nodes, etc. Realistic graphs are generally large in size; for example, Facebook or Twitter social networks are graphs consisting of millions of nodes and edges. In fact, these graphs are often so large that they cannot be seen all at once. Using interactive visualization to create graphical representations of these graphs is one approach, but the graphs are still too large to show entirely, and only a portion of them will be visible on the screen at any point in time. Also, nowadays many new types of graphs like dynamic graphs (that varies with time), multimodal graphs (where nodes or edges have different types), multivariate graphs (that have attributes associated to nodes or edges), knowledge networks (where nodes or edges have text attributes), etc are evolving and novel visualization and interaction techniques are needed to analyze them. Therefore, the main purposes of this thesis are: 1. Design, build, and evaluate navigation and interaction techniques that help users to gain insight and build a better mental map for large graphs navigation. 2. Design novel visualization and navigation techniques for new types of graph (dynamic graphs, multimodal graphs, and knowledge networks) arising in the field. 3. Build a pipeline to convert any relational datasets into graphs, and generalize our techniques to visualize and interact with these datasets. We first define a design space for classifying the existing techniques as well as designing new visualization or interaction techniques for graphs. Based on this design space, we design a set of graph visualization and navigation techniques. These techniques are then evaluated in the form of user studies where we show that our designed techniques are more efficient, more accurate, and perform better than current standard techniques. We give other applications as well; for example, maps, social networks, and databases, where our techniques are helpful.

The effects of information representation and modification on decision performance

Ghani, Jawaid Abdul UMI 1981 해외석사

Degrees of Bidirectional Naming Are Related to Derived Listener and Speaker Responses

Abdool-Ghany, Faheema A Columbia University ProQuest Dissertations & These 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Incidental language acquisition has been a topic of interest in the field of education, cognitive psychology, and behavior analysis (Horne & Lowe, 1996; Carey & Bartlett, 1978; Greer & Speckman, 2009). Researchers in the area of verbal behavior and derived relations have developed multiple perspectives that overlap in many ways (Greer & Ross, 2008; Greer & Speckman, 2009; Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, and Roche, 2001). Despite the overlap of these perspectives, research to date has been conducted independently. Fienup (2019) acknowledges the overlap in the respective work and suggest that integration can produce a more cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the development of verbal behavior. Study 1 included two experiments. In Experiment 1, the experimenter exposed 14 preschoolers with varying degrees of bidirectional naming (3 classified as having bidirectional naming (BiN), 8 as having unidirectional naming (UniN), and 3 as having no incidental naming (NiN) to two conditions, 1) directly reinforcing speaker (tact) responses and testing for the emergence of listener (point to) responses, and 2) directly reinforcing listener responses and testing for the emergence of speaker responses. The experimenter rotated between two conditions. Results suggested that participants with BiN readily derived speaker and listener responses, participants with unidirectional naming (UniN) readily derived listener, but not speaker responses, and participants with NiN had difficulty acquiring directly reinforced responses and deriving responses. In Study 1 Experiment 2, six participants with unidirectional naming (UniN) were selected from Experiment 1. Multiple Exemplar Instruction (MEI) and stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures were implemented to induce the capability of BiN. Following the acquisition of BiN, the experimenter replicated the repeated measure design of directly reinforcing speaker or listener responses and testing for the emergence of corresponding responses. Upon the acquisition of BiN, participants derived both listener and speaker relations, suggesting that the development from UniN to BiN is associated with the stimulus control for speaker responses following direct reinforcement for listener responses. Study 2 addressed the limitations of Study 1 and replicated the procedures with new participants and new science educational content. The experimenter selected 6 participants that demonstrated BiN and 5 that demonstrated UniN. Data support the findings of Study 1, suggesting that degrees of bidirectional naming are associated with degrees of derived relational responding.

Modeling of refrigerant flow through flexible short tube orifices

Abdel Ghani, Ramadan Bassiouny Mohamed Texas A&M University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Single-phase flow of refrigerants R-22, R-134a, and R-410a through flexible short tube orifices with three different geometries and a range in upstream operating conditions was modeled using the finite element method, FEM. A commercial package, ANSYS with its CFD counterpart, FLOTRAN, was used. Three tube moduli of elasticity, 5513 kPa (800 psi), 7084 kPa (1028 psi), and 9889 kPa (1435 psi) with three different L/D ratios as 5.5, 6.4, and 11.2 were investigated. The predicted mass flow rate values were compared to available published experimental results. The study showed that upon deformation, the short tube resembled the shape of a converging-diverging nozzle. Both tube inlet and outlet had a chamfered-like shape after deformation which reduced the sharp pressure drop at the tube inlet. The less modulus the tube, the larger chamfered-like angle at the inlet. Further, the more flexible tube, the higher pressure drop along the tube due to the higher tube contraction. The mass flow rates estimated with the numerical model were 14% over those from the experimental results. The model also indicated a pressure dip due to the contraction in the tube area just downstream of the vena-contracta region. The results illustrate that as the upstream pressure increased by 45%, the tube area deformed by 35–60% related to the tube geometry. The study showed that the more flexible tube restricted the mass flow rate by 2–6% less than the less flexible tube depending on the upstream pressure. A non-linear correlation to estimate the flow rate of a single-phase flow through flexible short tubes was predicted based on the model results. The percentage difference between the predicted mass flow rate and the experimental results was 13%. The tube deformed more in the case of R-410a and less in the case of R-134a compared to R-22 at the same condensing temperature, 46.2°C. R-410a showed a higher mass flow rate than R-22; while R-134a showed less variation in flow rate compared to R-22. This can be attributed to the higher pressure differential in case of R-410a compared to R-134a, and R-22 at the same condensing and evaporating temperatures.

Investigation of Synthesis Routes and Electrochemical Properties of rGO coated Vanadium Oxide Microspheres for Energy Storage Applications

Faizan Ghani 동국대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내박사