Anticipatory Learning in Two-Person Games : An Experimental Study : by Tang Fang-Fang

Fang-Fang, Tang Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat 1996 국내석사

FOREST PARAMETER ESTIMATION FROM AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA IN RUGGED MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

Fang Fang Graduate school of UNIST 2014 국내석사

During the past decade, the procedure for quantification of forest parameters using LiDAR data has been rapidly improved. Among various forest parameters, biomass is the paramount in understanding the potentials productivity of forests. Various methods have been developed to estimate biomass at both plot and individual tree levels. In order to quantify biomass at the individual tree level, tree crown delineation must be conducted, which is sometimes challenging especially for multi-layer dense forests in rugged mountainous areas. In this study, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were used to delineate tree crowns and estimate biomass in a mountainous forest. Firstly, a novel algorithm was proposed to identify individual tree crowns using the concept of live crown ratios based solely on LiDAR data. Then, above ground biomass (AGB) was estimated using machine learning approaches based on tree crowns delineated in the previous step. LiDAR-derived metrics related to forest parameters such as tree height and crown areas as well as topographic characteristics extracted based on the delineated tree crowns were used to estimate AGB. Three machine learning models— random forest, Cubist, and support vector regression—were evaluated for AGB estimation and relative importance of input variables was examined.

Alleviating Poverty through Microfinance : (An)Analysis of Grameen Bank and Its Feasibility in China

Wang, Fang-fang 고려대학교 국제대학원 2008 국내석사

The purpose of this research is to analyze the successful microfinance model of Grameen Bank and its feasibility in China, so that we can have a better understanding of alleviating poverty trough microfinance. In the past two hundred years, the gap between the rich and the poor has enlarged worldwide. The appearance of microfinance has brought the poverty-trapped world a piece of good news. As a successful model of microfinance, Grameen Bank model has drawn attention from scholars and policy makers all over the world. More than 15 years ago, a number of scholars started experimental projects of microfinance in China. However, due to legal restriction and lack of managing experiences, serious problems occurred in China’s microfinance industry. Based on the basic microfinance theory and vast researches on existing works on Grameen Bank and China’s microfinance market, this paper has examined the current situation of this industry in China and provided possible solutions for the future reforms.

중국IT산업의 세계화전략에 대한 연구

Jia Fang Fang 한국해양대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

This paper aims at analyzing the globalization strategy of Chinese information technology (IT) industry. Based on industry trends, analyzes the development of IT in China and compares its level with that of other countries. It is well known that the high-tech industry in China plays a important role to that nation's development and to the global technological relationship. China, as a latecomer, has relatively low market share in the world market. But Chinese market is expanding rapidly so that it cannot be ignored in the global market. This paper is summarized as follows. The first chapter gives a overview of the paper including the purpose the plan of this paper. The second chapter introduces the theoretical methodology of the study. The theory of FDI used here provides a more adequate understanding of companies' operational modes as well as business strategies, especially in an extremely competitive high-tech market. The third chapter analyses the globalization strategies and processes of Chinese IT industry. It attempts to link these strategies and processes to the changing contexts of global competition and national institutions. The fourth chapter aims at providing more insights into the strategies and development of IT industry by conducting an case study of a Chinese high-tech company, Huawei Company, in the communications equipment industry. This study proposes that IT industry tend to nurture their capability in the domestic market as a base before globalization. By taking advantage of conventional FDI theories we may explain the globalization of Chinese MNEs. In terms of entry modes, it would appear that Chinese IT industry among emerging economies focuses on obtaining advanced technology only to build up global strategic linkages and seek to acquire new markets by attracting foreign ventures and buying out the foreign company through M & A. It prefers to enter markets with fewer barriers in cultural, technological, economic area and uses inward and outward linkages to complement their strengths and offset their weaknesses in the global market. This study on the globalization patterns of Chinese IT industry enriches and broadens the horizon of understanding the current IT industry; In the end is the conclusion of this paper. This study advances our understanding of the role of globalization in the catch-up race of IT firm. The firms in emerging economies usually have weak technological capabilities or limited resources compared to the firms in developed economies. 중국은 지난 20여년 동안 눈부신 경제성장을 이룩하였으며 그 중 IT산업의 성장은 경외로웠다. 2008년 IT산업생산액은 세계에서 미국 다음으로 2위이며 수출액에서는 세계1위를 차지하고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 중국 IT산업이 어떤 발전전략을 사용하여 세계화에 대처해왔는가를 중국의 대표적인 IT회사인 Hwawei사의 사례연구를 통해서 분석하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 먼저 중국IT기업들은 넓은 국내시장의 이점인 규모의 경제를 활용하여 경쟁력의 기초를 다졌다. 세계화가 진전됨에 따라 서구의 우수한 기술을 가진 다국적기업들이 OLI(ownership specific advantage, location specific advantage, internalization specific advantage)이점을 활용하여 직접투자 형태로 중국시장에 진출하자 중국시장 내에서 IT산업의 경쟁은 격화되었다. 지금까지 대체적으로 선진국에서 개도국에 직접투자하는 것이 일반적이었고 경쟁이 격화되면 국내기업들은 다국적 기업과 전략적 제휴하는 선에서 마무리되었다. 그러나 이런 세계화흐름에 적응하기 위해 중국IT산업은 신시장을 개척과 신기술 유입을 촉진하고 장기적인 이윤추구를 위해 다각적인 글로벌 전략을 사용하여 오히려 선진국에 직접 투자하는 새로운 투자형태를 보여주었다. Hwawei사로 대표되는 중국IT산업은 적극적으로 대내외적인 네트워크를 형성하고 FDI를 통해서 기술뿐만 아니라 세계시장에서 마케팅능력 향상, 세계화를 리드하는 인재양성 등 다각적인 목적을 실현하기 위해 세계화를 적극적으로 활용하고 있는 것으로 분석된다.

Some non-linear aspects of ultra-intense, laser-plasma interactions

Fang, Fang University of California, Los Angeles 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

Ultra-intense, laser-plasma interactions refer to physical processes that occur when subpicosecond laser pulses are focused in an underdense or solid target plasmas to give relativistic intensities. In this thesis one such process, the forced excitation of a wake in underdense plasma, is experimentally investigated. In this process a non-optimal (2-3 plasma wavelengths long rather than one half plasma wavelength long), but intense (a 0 ∼ 1) laser pulse relativistically self-focuses and evolves spatially and temporally as it propagates through the plasma. As a result of these changes it can excite a large amplitude wakefield that can trap and accelerate plasma electrons. It is this so-called "forced-laser wakefield accelerator" (F-LWFA) regime that is studied in this thesis by carefully monitoring the velocity at which the plasma density front associated with the wakefield propagates until the laser pulse finally becomes too weak to excite the wakefield. By comparing the experimental results with computer simulations, we find that there are four overlapping but distinguishable phases of the evolution of the wakefield in this regime. First the wakefield appears to move superluminaly as the laser pulse relativistically self-focuses and its peak intensity increases by up to a factor of 9. Thereafter the wakefield density front propagates at approximately the group velocity of the laser in the plasma. This occurs over approximately one linear dephasing length. In the third phase, the wakefield density front begins to slow down. This slowdown is thought to be related to photon frequency downshifting as a consequence of energy transfer to the wake. Indeed forward transmitted spectrum measurements show significant red-shifting of the spectrum. Finally the wakefront rapidly recedes relative to the laser pulse as the laser pulse pump depletes. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell code simulations of our experiment reproduce many of the features of our experiment although the agreement on the electron spectrum observed in the experiment and the simulation is at best qualitative. As a result of interaction between the trapped electrons and the laser electric field the emittance is seen to be blown up in the simulations whereas in the experiment, round and relatively high quality electron beams with equal emittance in both directions are often observed. This discrepancy requires further investigation.

Probabilistic interval-valued computation: Representing and reasoning about uncertainty in DSP and VLSI design

Fang, Claire Fang Carnegie Mellon University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

In DSP and VLSI design, there are many variational parameters that are unknown during the design stage, but significantly affect chip performance. Some uncertainties are due to manufacturing process fluctuations, others depend on the dynamic context in which the chip is used, such as input patterns, temperature and voltage. Chip designers need to consider these uncertainties as early as possible to ensure chip performance, improve yield and reduce design cost. However, it is a challenging task to model uncertainties and predict the joint impacts of them, which often either requires high computational cost or yields unsatisfactory accuracy. Interval algebra provides a general solution to modeling and manipulating uncertainties. The idea is to replace scalar quantities with bounded intervals, and propagate intervals through arithmetic operations. A recent technique---affine arithmetic---advances the field in handling correlated intervals. However, it still produces overly conservative bounds due to the inability to consider probability information. The goal of this dissertation is to improve the accuracy of affine arithmetic and broaden its application in DSP and VLSI design. To achieve this goal, we develop a probabilistic interval method that enhances the interval representation and computations with probability information. First, we provide a probabilistic interpretation for affine intervals based on the Central Limit Theory. Based on this interpretation, we present a probabilistic bounding method that returns less pessimistic bounds of affine intervals. Second, we propose an enhanced interval representation form that utilizes probability information to handle asymmetric affine intervals. This addresses a fundamental issue of current affine arithmetic, i.e., it only represents center-symmetric intervals. This restriction highly limits the accuracy of nonlinear interval functions. By introducing center-asymmetric affine intervals, we are able to design better algorithms for nonlinear interval functions. We present the improved algorithms for common nonlinear functions, with emphasis on the multiplication and the division algorithms. Finally, we also realize that in many applications, detailed probability distribution within an interval is more desirable than its bounds. Therefore, another contribution of this dissertation is to enable our interval method to estimate not only the bounds, but also the distribution within an interval. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques by several applications in DSP and VLSI design.

Functional characterization of the heteromeric OSTalpha-OSTbeta transporter, a potential steroid hormone conjugate transporter in the adrenal gland and brain

Fang, Fang University of Rochester 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

Neurosteroids such as pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are synthesized by specific cells within the brain, and are then delivered to their target sites in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. PREGS and DHEAS are also steroid hormone precursors in the peripheral circulation with important physiological functions. The present study tested the hypothesis that the heteromeric organic solute and steroid transporter, OSTalpha--OSTbeta, mediates the transport of these compounds in steroidogenic cells. Measurement of [3H]DHEAS and [3H]PREGS transport in OSTalpha--OSTbeta-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes established that these neurosteroids are relatively high-affinity substrates, with apparent Km values of 1.5+/-0.4 and 6.9+/-2.1 microM, respectively. OSTalpha--OSTbeta-mediated transport was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by a variety of steroid hormone conjugates, including DHEAS and PREGS, whereas the unconjugated parent compounds had no effect, suggesting that conjugated steroids are substrates for this transporter. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy localized mouse Ostalpha and Ostbeta and human OSTalpha and OST proteins to steroidogenic cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus, namely cells in the CA region of the hippocampus and in Purkinje cells. These observations were supported by analysis of Ostalpha and Ostbeta mRNA levels in mouse Purkinje and hippocampal cells isolated via laser capture microdissection. In Ostalpha-deficient mice, serum DHEA and DHEAS levels were altered, as was the distribution of administered [3H]DHEAS, supporting a role of the transporter in steroid disposition. OSTalpha and OSTbeta proteins were also located to the zona reticularis of human adrenal gland, the major region for DHEAS production in the periphery. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that OSTalpha-OSTbeta is a neurosteroid transporter, and suggest that it contributes to steroid hormone homeostasis.

Comparative analysis of safety consciousness among Korean local, foreign and Chinese workers

Ye, Fang Fang Sungkyunkwan university 2018 국내석사

(A) Study of Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction and Purchase Intention of Accommodation : the case of Chinese medical tourists in Korea

Fang Wei 경희대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Due to the rapid economic development and an increasing demand for medical treatment, China has played an important role in the world market of medical tourism, especially for the development of medical tourism in Korea. However, there were few studies to investigate the factors affecting customer satisfaction and purchase intention of accommodation among medical tourists, therefore in order to realize the research purposes, the number of 557 Chinese medical tourists who have visited Korea for medical care, were invited to participate in the survey. After removing unreliable data, finally 520 faithful cases were used to analyze via AMOS programs. Firstly, the frequency analysis was performed to study the demographic characteristic of the respondents. Then CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and SEM (Structural Equation Model) were applied to measure the validity and reliability of the construct and test the relationships between the five variables. The findings showed that price, service quality, privacy & security have significant influence on the purpose intention and price and service quality have a significant role in affecting customer satisfaction. Therefore, Inspired by the research results, the hoteliers can understand the demand of specified health cares among the Chinese medical tourists, and provide their guests with a safe service environment and confidential space at a reasonable price. By performing more customer-centric services to caters for medical tourists and developing more effective marketing strategies to achieve customer satisfaction, and finally leading to the purchase intention of accommodation. 중국의 신속한 발전과 더불어 의료에 대한 사람들의 수요 또한 나날이 증대하고 있다. 따라서 중국은 세계 의료관광 시장에서 매우 중요한 역할을 하게 되었다. 특히, 한국에서 더욱 그러하다. 하지만 의료관광객들을 대상으로 숙박에 대한 고객만족도와 구매의도에 관하여 진행한 조사연구는 거의 존재하고 있지 않다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 설문조사에서는, 한국을 방문한 557명의 중국 의료관광객이 참여하게 되었다. 불성실한 데이터를 삭제한 결과, 최종적으로 520명의 성실한 설문답변에 대하여 AMOS분석을 실행해 보았다. 우선, 샘플의 인구통계학적 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 구성개념들과의 유효성과 신뢰성을 규명하기 위하여 CFA(확인적 요인 분석)을 실시하였고 다섯 개 변수들간의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 SEM(구조방정식)을 사용하였다. 설문조사를 분석한 결과, 가격·서비스 품질·프라이버시와 안정성은 구매의도에 대하여 매우 중요한 영향을 미치는 것과 가격·서비스품질은 고객만족도를 영향하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 설문조사의 결론은 호텔이 중국의료관광객들의 특별한 의료서비스와 간호서비스에 대한 수요를 이해하고, 그러한 고객들에게 합리적인 가격으로 안전한 서비스환경과 개인의 프라이버시가 보장되는 공간을 제공해야 할 것을 시사하고 있다. 의료관광객들을 중심으로 하는 서비스를 제공함으로써 고객만족도에 도달할 수 있는 효과적인 마케팅전략을 발전시키고, 궁극적으로는 숙박에 대한 구매의도를 이끌어 낼 수 있다.

한국어 학습자를 위한 동사 '가다'의 문형 교육 연구

FANG XINGYAN 경희대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

There are two purposes of this research. The first one is to analyze the sentence patterns of the verb 'Gada(go)' appearing in native speakers' corpus, the textbooks, and the TOPIK data for the sentence patterns education for Korean learners. And the second one is, based on this data, to select the educational sentence patterns of 'Gada(go)' and build educational contents of the each sentence pattern. In order to construct more objective sentence patterns' contents for education, first of all, the sentence patterns of the verb 'Gada(go)' were analyzed, using the native speaker's corpus, the Korean textbooks and the TOPIK data. Next, a questionnaire survey of 80 advanced learners was conducted in order to analyze their perceptions for sentence patterns education and the using patterns of 'Gada(go)'. Most of the respondents in the survey responded positively to the sentence patterns education. However, in terms of the usage of the 'Gada(go)'s sentence patterns, the respondents were not familiar to the sentence patterns of the 'Gada(go)' except for some basic sentence patterns. In addition, I analyzed learner errors and then found out that there were many syntactic errors such as postposition submission and ommission. The main cause of these errors is lack of systematical teaching for the sentence patterns of the verb to the learners. Lastly, I selected educational target sentence patterns of 'Gada(go)' and constructed education contents accordingly. In order to select the sentence patterns for education, I firstly comprehensively examined the frequency of use of the sentence patterns of 'Gada(go)' in chapter 2. And the practicality and importance of 9 sentence patterns in total are acknowledged. However, among them, 'Gada(go)' in idiomatic verb sentences 'N0-i/ga N2-ekay/(eu)ro C1-ul/rul gada.' and functional verb sentences 'N1-i/ga N2-ey/ekay/i Npr0-i/ga gada.' and 'N1-i/ga N2-ey/ekay Npr0-i/ga gada.' is separated from its original meaning. In addition, there are three or more arguments about the sentence patterns. As the meaning class nouns that can be used in the C1 and Npr0 are very limited, these are excluded from the target sentence patterns. Those patterns should be taught by presenting through actual lexical expressions and sentences. Therefore, based on the results of this analysis, the remaining 6 verb sentence patterns were selected and arranged according to the following grades. (1) Level 1: N0-i/ga N1-ey/ekay/(eu)ro/ekayro gada. (2) Level 1: N0-i/ga N2-ey/(eu)ro N1-ul/rul gada. (3) Level 2: N0-i/ga N1(moim)-ey gada. (4) Level 2: N0-이/가 N1(gil)-ul gada. (5) Level 3: N0-이/가 N1(danche)-ey gada. (6) Level 4: N0(sigan)-i/ga gada. After reviewing the contents of 'Gada(go)' in the some textbooks being used in Korean class, the contents of the individual sentence patterns were discussed in detail with reference to the learner usage patterns discussed above. The construction, the usage of sentence patterns, the roles and the usage of the postpositions are presented by explaining the role and meaning classes of each argument through each sentence pattern. In particular, it was emphasized that when the semantic nouns of the argument, which are directly connected to the 'Gada(go)', having an abstract meaning that are definite, we should teach it first by lexical expression. To reduce the burden of the learners, in the practical education, I suggested that the students should learn first by input flood through coherent practical sentences and practice, by introducing linguistic expressions with part of sentence patterns, and then explicitly present the sentence patterns. In other words, it is to educate the contents of the sentence patterns in inductive method. In addition, I proposed the contents based on actual expressions and example sentences about idioms verb and functional verb sentence patterns of 'Gada(go)' which are proved to be important based on the frequency of corpus use. At the end, I took two typical sentence patterns of 'Gada(go)' and suggested the composition of the textbook contents. 본 연구의 목적은 두 가지가 있다. 첫째는 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 하는 문형 교육을 위해 원어민 말뭉치, 교재, TOPIK 자료에 나타나는 동사 '가다'의 문형을 분석하는 것이며 둘째는 이를 기초로 하여 '가다'의 교육용 문형을 선정하고 각 문형에 대한 교육내용을 구축하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 보다 더 객관적인 문형 교육내용을 구축하기 위해 우선 원어민 문어 말뭉치, 한국어 교재, TOPIK 자료를 활용하여 동사 '가다'의 문형에 대한 분석 작업을 실시하였다. 다음으로 학습자들의 문형 교육에 대한 인식과 '가다' 문형의 사용 양상에 대한 분석을 위해 80명의 고급 학습자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사에서 대부분 학습자들이 문형 교육에 대해 긍정적인 반응을 보였으나 '가다' 문형의 사용 양상에 있어서는 '가다'의 기본적인 문형을 제외한 다른 문형에 대해서는 생소해 했다. 또한 학습자 오류를 분석하였는데, 조사 대치와 누락과 같은 통사적 오류가 많이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 오류를 일으키는 주된 원인은 학습자에게 동사 문형을 체계적으로 가르치지 않기 때문임을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 동사 '가다'의 교육대상 문형을 선정하여 그에 따른 교육내용을 구축하였다. 교육용 문형을 선정하기 위해 먼저 2장의 세 가지의 자료에서 나타나는 '가다' 문형의 사용빈도를 종합적으로 살펴보았다. 총 9개 문형의 실용성과 중요성을 인정하였으나, 그 중에 숙어동사 문형 'N0-이/가 N2-에게/(으)로 C1-을/를 가다', 기능동사 문형 'N1-이/가 N2-에/에게/이 Npr0(이해 등)-이/가 가다'와 'N1-이/가 N2-에/에게 Npr0(관심 등)-이/가 가다'에서의 '가다'는 원형적인 의미에서 멀어졌고, 또한 문형에서 3 개 이상의 논항을 갖추며 논항 C1과 Npr0 자리에 쓰일 수 있는 의미부류 명사가 매우 한정적이므로 실제 어휘적 표현과 문장을 통해 제시하기로 하여 교육대상 문형에서 제외하였다. 그러므로 이와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 하여 교육대상 문형으로 나머지 6개의 일반동사 문형을 선정하고 아래와 같이 등급에 따라 배열하였다. (1) 초급1: N0-이/가 N1-에/에게/(으)로/에게로 가다. (2) 초급1: N0-이/가 N2-에/(으)로 N1-을/를 가다. (3) 초급2: N0-이/가 N1(모임)-에 가다. (4) 초급2: N0-이/가 N1(길)-을 가다. (5) 중급1: N0-이/가 N1(단체)-에 가다. (6) 중급2: N0(시간)-이/가 가다. 이어서 또한 기존 교재에서 '가다'에 대한 내용을 살펴본 후에 앞서 고찰한 학습자 사용 양상을 참고하여 개별 문형에 대한 교육내용을 구체적으로 논의하였다. 각 문형을 통하여 각 논항의 역할과 의미부류를 설명함으로 문형의 구성과 용법 및 격조사의 역할과 용법을 제시하였다. 특히 '가다'와 직접 연결되는 논항의 의미부류 명사가 추상적인 의미를 가지면서 한정적일 때 어휘적 표현으로 우선 익히게 하는 것을 강조하였다. 실제 교육에서는 학습자들의 부담감을 줄이기 위하여 일관성 있는 실제적인 문장과 연습을 통한 입력홍수와 함께 일부 격틀을 갖춘 어휘적 표현을 제시하여 먼저 익히게 한 다음에 문형을 명시적으로 제시하는 것을 제안하였다. 즉 귀납적인 방법으로 문형에 관한 내용을 교육하는 것이다. 더불어 말뭉치 사용빈도를 근거로 하여 중요성이 증명된 ‘가다’의 숙어동사와 기능동사 문형에 대해서도 실제 표현과 예문을 기반으로 한 교육내용을 제안하였다. 마지막으로는 '가다'의 대표적인 문형을 2개를 뽑아 교재내용 구성에 대한 예시를 보였다. 이를 통해 외국어로서의 한국어 교육 현장에서 교육용 참고 자료와 기초 연구 자료로 활용되는데 도움이 되고자 하였고, 다른 개별 동사의 문형 교육 연구에 참고 자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.