Effects of visual feedback-based eccentric pulley training on muscle function, balance ability and pain changes in chronic low back pain

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the effect of visual feedback based eccentric pulley training (EPT) on muscle function, balance ability, and chronic low back pain (CLBP). All subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups 18 subjects in the visual feedback-based EPT (VF-EPT) group, 18 subjects in the EPT group and 18 subjects in the eccentric training (ET) group. Subjects in the VF-EPT group trained while receiving visual feedback during the eccentric training, the EPT group received pulley eccentric training without visual feedback, and the ET group performed only eccentric training. All groups conducted 30 minutes of training per session, and the training was performed 3 times/week for 4 weeks. For muscle function evaluation, all subjects were assessed for the muscle strength and speed of trunk rotation, squat & trunk rotation, single-leg deadlift, seated lat pull down motion, and the muscle strength of both C7 and L4 erector spinae and hamstring. For balance ability evaluation, Star Excursion Balance (SEB) test and Single-Leg Standing (SLS) test were measured. For pain evaluation, Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was measured. Results showed statistically significant changes in muscle strength and speed in all groups (p<0.05), however, no significant difference was observed between groups. Balance ability statistically improved only in the VF-EPT group (p<0.05), and differences between the groups were observed (p<0.05). PPT was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.05) and differences were observed between groups (p<0.05). The results suggested that visual feedback training can be effective in improving muscle function, balance ability, and pain control in patients with CLBP.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• STUDY 1. EFFECTS OF VISUAL FEEDBACK-BASED ECCENTRIC PULLEY TRAINING ON MUSCLE TONE AND STRENGTH IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
• LIST OF APPENDIXES ⅱ
• LIST OF TABLES ⅳ
• LIST OF FIGURES ⅴ
• ABSTRACT xⅱ
• I. INTRODUCTION 13
• A. Background 13
• B. Purposes of the Study 15
• C. Hypotheses 16
• D. The Definition of Terms 17
• II. LITERATURE REVIEWS 19
• A. Visual feedback based exercise training 19
• B. Eccentric exercise training 23
• C. Pulley exercise training 27
• III. METHODS 33
• A. Experimental Design 33
• B. Subjects and Experimental Procedures 34
• 1. Subjects 34
• 2. Experimental Procedure 35
• C. Experimental Methods 37
• D. Assessment Tools and Data Collection 40
• E. Experimental Variables 42
• F. Data Analysis 43
• IV. RESULTS 44
• A. General Characteristics of Subject 44
• B. Homogeneity Test on Outcome Measures 46
• C. Comparison of Muscle Tone changes with Myotone 49
• D. Comparison of Muscle Strength changes with Hand Held Dynamometer 61
• V. DISCUSSION 65
• A. Methodological Consideration 65
• B. The change in muscle tone and strength depending on experiment methods 67
• VI. CONCLUSION 70
• ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 71
• REFERENCES 72
• STUDY 2. EFFECTS OF VISUAL FEEDBACK-BASED ECCENTRIC PULLEY TRAINING ON MUSCLE FUNCTION, BALANCE ABILITY AND PAIN CHANGES IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
• ABSTRACT ⅱ
• I. INTRODUCTION 3
• A. Background 3
• B. Purposes of the Study 7
• C. Hypotheses 8
• D. The Definition of Terms 9
• II. LITERATURE REVIEWS 11
• A. Visual feedback based exercise training 11
• B. Eccentric exercise training 18
• III. METHODS 24
• A. Experimental Design 24
• B. Subjects and Experimental Procedures 25
• 1. Subjects 25
• 2. Experimental Procedure 27
• C. Experimental Methods 29
• D. Assessment Tools and Data Collection 33
• E. Experimental Variables 38
• F. Data Analysis 39
• IV. RESULTS 40
• A. General Characteristics of Subject 40
• B. Homogeneity Test on Outcome Measures 42
• C. Comparison Muscle Strength and Motion Speed Changes with Pulley
• Device Measurement 46
• D. Comparison of Muscle Strength Changes with Hand Held Dynamometer 54
• E. Comparison Balance Ability Changes with SEBT 58
• F. Comparison Balance Ability Changes with SLST 70
• G. Comparison of Pain Level Changes with PPT 74
• V. DISCUSSION 80
• A. Methodological Consideration 80
• B. The change in Muscle Function depending on experiment methods 84
• C. The change in Balance Ability depending on experiment methods 88
• D. The change in PPT depending on experiment methods 92
• VI. CONCLUSION 94
• ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 96
• REFERENCES 97
• Appendix 1. Consent Form for Participation in a Clinical Trial 113
• Appendix 2. Experimental Equipment 115
• Appendix 3. Assessment Method 117
• Appendix 4. Eccentric Pulley Training Program 122