This study aims to investigate the impact of digital literacy on life satisfaction among older adults and the mediating effect of social networks in this relationship, particularly focusing on generational differences. By comparing the baby boom gener...
This study aims to investigate the impact of digital literacy on life satisfaction among older adults and the mediating effect of social networks in this relationship, particularly focusing on generational differences. By comparing the baby boom generation, who have recently entered old age, with the pre-baby boom generation, this research seeks to derive policy and practical implications that reflect the heterogeneity within the older adult population. Furthermore, this study distinguishes itself from existing literature by examining social networks through their structural characteristics: network size and interaction frequency.
Data for the analysis were drawn from the "2023 Survey on the Elderly" conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), including path analysis and multi-group analysis, was performed while accounting for complex sample designs.
The key findings are as follows: First, digital literacy among older adults was found to have a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. Second, digital literacy positively influenced social networks, indicating that higher digital literacy is associated with larger network sizes and more frequent interactions. Third, social networks significantly improved life satisfaction. Fourth, social networks were found to mediate the relationship between digital literacy and life satisfaction, suggesting that digital literacy ultimately enhances life satisfaction by expanding social network size and increasing interaction frequency. Fifth, the impact of digital literacy on the frequency of social interactions and the total indirect effect mediated by social networks were significantly greater in the baby boom generation compared to the pre-baby boom generation.
The theoretical implications of this study are: First, it confirms the critical role of digital literacy, particularly functional proficiency, as a vital resource for older adults in a digital society. Second, it identifies the mediating role of structural characteristics of social networks (size and frequency) in the relationship between digital literacy and life satisfaction. Third, through multi-group analysis, it empirically demonstrates that baby boomers and pre-baby boom generations are distinct groups with different characteristics, necessitating a differentiated approach rather than treating the elderly as a monolithic group.
The policy implications are as follows: First, there is a need for universal digital education as a form of social welfare within the framework of lifelong learning to enhance life satisfaction. Second, policy and practical interventions must consider the generational differences between baby boomers and the pre-baby boom generation. Specifically, education for baby boomers should focus on communication-oriented functions to facilitate social interaction, while the previous generation requires foundational skills such as using kiosks and information searching. Additionally, for baby boomers, practical interventions utilizing digital technology are needed for those in single-person households, whereas for the pre-baby boom generation, the focus should remain on expanding opportunities for face-to-face social interaction.