품행문제 청소년의 공감손상: 인지공감의 손상인가 정서공감의 손상인가? = Impairment of Empathy in adolescents with conduct problems: Is it due to the deficit in affective empathy or cognitive empathy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many studies have reported lower empathic ability in children and adolescents with conduct problems, including aggression, than children with normal behavior patterns. However, as empathy has been defined differently among researchers, it is unclear which empathic ability is impaired in those with conduct problems. Therefore, this study examined whether adolescents with conduct problems showed impairment in affective or cognitive empathy. Affective empathy was measured using emotional contagion, a facial mimicry reaction that occurs in response to the facial expression of a target individual. Cognitive empathy was measured using an emotional reading task. Fourteen adolescents with conduct problems and 23 adolescents without such problems participated in this study. The two groups showed differences in facial mimicry but not in the emotional reading task. Adolescents with conduct problems showed a smaller magnitude of facial mimicry to dynamic happy and sad expressions. In particular, when viewing sad expressions, the zygomaticus muscle activity in those with conduct problems was relatively high; this is the muscle reaction that typically occurs when expressing happiness. These results suggest that adolescents with conduct problems have a normal ability to recognize other people’s feelings, but are impaired in affective empathy, i.e., the ability to feel other's emotions in a congruent way.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

공격적이거나 품행장애를 가진 아동청소년의 공감 능력 손상은 많은 연구에서 보고된다. 그러나 연구마다 공감을 다르게 정의하고 있어서, 어떤 측면의 공감능력이 손상된 것인지에 대해서 분명한 결론을 내리기 쉽지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 품행문제 청소년의 공감 손상이 인지공감의 문제인지 정서공감의 문제인지 알아보았다. 인지공감은 상대방의 생각이나 관점, 정서를 이해하는 능력이므로 얼굴표정에서 정서를 읽는 능력으로 측정하였다. 정서공감의 초기단계는 상대방의 표정을 자동적으로 모방함으로써 동일한 정서를 경험하게 되는 정서전염이므로, 얼굴표정에 대한 안면모방 반응으로 정서공감을 측정하였다. 품행문제 청소년 14명과 일반 청소년 23명을 대상으로 인지공감과 정서공감을 측정한 결과 인지공감에서는 품행문제 청소년들과 일반청소년의 차이가 없었으나, 정서공감에서는 차이가 나타났다. 품행문제 청소년은 일반 청소년보다 기쁨/슬픔 표정을 짓고 있는 동영상에 대한 안면모방이 적었으며, 특히 슬픔 표정에 대해서는 웃을 때 움직이는 대협골근 수축반응이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 품행문제를 가진 청소년들이 상대방의 정서를 인식하는 인지공감에는 손상이 없으나 상대방의 정서를 공유하는 정서공감에 손상이 있음을 보여준다.

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