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      망중립성에 대한 공법적 고찰

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12716575

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      At the beginning, opened architecture of the inter-net technology brought about innovation and development. However, environmental changes of the Information and Telecommunication need a social-economic revaluation of the neutral network. The changes also cause conflicts among various kinds of interests.
      The end-to-end principle of the network is a technological basis of neutrality. As possibility of technical control becomes strong, it needs to be revaluated by brand new measures, such as discrimination and efficiency. There is a controversial issue over the net neutrality to support an open access platform which treats all data in public network without discrimination. The issues of the dispute extends from technological debate to relevant industry parties’ interests, and also extends to consumer's rights these days.
      However, the existing dispute focuses on only relevant technology and gain and loss of parties directly involved economically, while the inter-net can affect all people in all area. It seems hard to reach a compromise due to technological developments in information control and conflicts of the persons’ interests.
      Therefore, we need to have a normative discussion over the net neutrality. But technological and economic views on the issues cannot directly be a normative law because of limits the views have got. To make the views norms, it needs to control ambivalence of the technology and to consider one of nation’s goals, social market economic order.
      At this point, we need to have a brand new type of normative discussion and to consider legislations under Constitutional law. The process of the net neutrality revaluation should start from the effort to understand what the net neutrality is. In modification of relevant law systems, understanding what the net neutrality is can be a standard for a consistent principle.
      Equality of access and information(packet) is a crucial part for the innovation and the alteration, and also it has boosted fundamental human rights. Therefore, problems of the net neutrality must be resolved not by how to design the inter-net system and to regulate the inter-net, but by understanding what the net neutrality affects and protection of the net neutrality.
      The inter-net is a public tool for all people to use for their own innovation. And it plays a role as an infrastructure in information-oriented society. The net neutrality principle, created naturally, is the foundation of the innovation and increases fundamental human rights. The proper state intervention to the net neutrality principle is reasonable because innovation from below implies political-legal values, such as formation of the public opinion, participatory democracy and guarantee of fundamental human rights.
      The net neutrality is peculiar because it tends to preserve original values of the inter-net via a realization of data equality. A legal concept of the net neutrality needs to be technology-neutral and to accomplish a concept of justice.
      The net neutrality means that governments or ISPs must not violate people’s fundamental human rights against blocking access or unreasonable discrimination in transmitting of senders-recipients, information(packet), device. The equality is not only a purpose of the constitutional law but also a measure to protect another basic values of the law. A criterion of judgment on equality should be a specific content of violated rights. It is because other specific fundamental rights can be violated by the unreasonable discrimination in a real society though the discrimination is a just simple discrimination of personnel and materiel elements in public network.
      Because the issue of the net neutrality is special and related to fundamental human rights under the whole circumstances relevant to the net neutrality, authorizing only character of fundamental human rights is not desirable, but rather it should be harmonious interpretation and processing. With the interpretation and the processing, causal statements for necessity of the legal protection of characters and states, the net neutrality has got, will be reasonable.
      Researches or debates on the nature of the net neutrality have been done not so much because only conflicts of the economically relevant parties’ interests have been focused by this time. And also preparations for possibility or necessity of legislation have been not enough in understanding the nature of the net neutrality because there is not enough consideration of the technological or economical views’ limits.
      Neutral and open managements of the inter-net have leaded to the innovation and increased fundamental human rights. Therefore, the problem we have is not a choice in whether the net is managed neutrally, but rather it is a consideration of the regulation over the technology, affects innovation and fundamental human rights. It should be a reestablishment of fundamental human rights and a united legal system.
      Many fundamental human rights are violated in these days due to lack of the general rules on the net neutrality. We need to prepare against the violations. Also related basic human rights should be harmonized in a regulation or guarantee of the net neutrality.
      Specific and direct rules are not enough though current laws and regulations include rules over the net neutrality. We should make a general rule over the net neutrality not to make imperfect interpretations of new coming problems. With the general rule, we need to prevent a disaster, such as violations of the fundamental human rights. Laws and regulations must include concrete plans and measures for rationality. Courts and related administrative agency must use the plans and measures in application and interpretation of the law.
      Benefits from science technology must be guaranteed and harms from it must be prevented. Excessively specific and detailed statement of open concepts, such as rationality, is not ideal, but rather the open concepts must remain as issues of application and interpretation of laws with general meaning of the concepts and technological - social change.
      번역하기

      At the beginning, opened architecture of the inter-net technology brought about innovation and development. However, environmental changes of the Information and Telecommunication need a social-economic revaluation of the neutral network. The changes...

      At the beginning, opened architecture of the inter-net technology brought about innovation and development. However, environmental changes of the Information and Telecommunication need a social-economic revaluation of the neutral network. The changes also cause conflicts among various kinds of interests.
      The end-to-end principle of the network is a technological basis of neutrality. As possibility of technical control becomes strong, it needs to be revaluated by brand new measures, such as discrimination and efficiency. There is a controversial issue over the net neutrality to support an open access platform which treats all data in public network without discrimination. The issues of the dispute extends from technological debate to relevant industry parties’ interests, and also extends to consumer's rights these days.
      However, the existing dispute focuses on only relevant technology and gain and loss of parties directly involved economically, while the inter-net can affect all people in all area. It seems hard to reach a compromise due to technological developments in information control and conflicts of the persons’ interests.
      Therefore, we need to have a normative discussion over the net neutrality. But technological and economic views on the issues cannot directly be a normative law because of limits the views have got. To make the views norms, it needs to control ambivalence of the technology and to consider one of nation’s goals, social market economic order.
      At this point, we need to have a brand new type of normative discussion and to consider legislations under Constitutional law. The process of the net neutrality revaluation should start from the effort to understand what the net neutrality is. In modification of relevant law systems, understanding what the net neutrality is can be a standard for a consistent principle.
      Equality of access and information(packet) is a crucial part for the innovation and the alteration, and also it has boosted fundamental human rights. Therefore, problems of the net neutrality must be resolved not by how to design the inter-net system and to regulate the inter-net, but by understanding what the net neutrality affects and protection of the net neutrality.
      The inter-net is a public tool for all people to use for their own innovation. And it plays a role as an infrastructure in information-oriented society. The net neutrality principle, created naturally, is the foundation of the innovation and increases fundamental human rights. The proper state intervention to the net neutrality principle is reasonable because innovation from below implies political-legal values, such as formation of the public opinion, participatory democracy and guarantee of fundamental human rights.
      The net neutrality is peculiar because it tends to preserve original values of the inter-net via a realization of data equality. A legal concept of the net neutrality needs to be technology-neutral and to accomplish a concept of justice.
      The net neutrality means that governments or ISPs must not violate people’s fundamental human rights against blocking access or unreasonable discrimination in transmitting of senders-recipients, information(packet), device. The equality is not only a purpose of the constitutional law but also a measure to protect another basic values of the law. A criterion of judgment on equality should be a specific content of violated rights. It is because other specific fundamental rights can be violated by the unreasonable discrimination in a real society though the discrimination is a just simple discrimination of personnel and materiel elements in public network.
      Because the issue of the net neutrality is special and related to fundamental human rights under the whole circumstances relevant to the net neutrality, authorizing only character of fundamental human rights is not desirable, but rather it should be harmonious interpretation and processing. With the interpretation and the processing, causal statements for necessity of the legal protection of characters and states, the net neutrality has got, will be reasonable.
      Researches or debates on the nature of the net neutrality have been done not so much because only conflicts of the economically relevant parties’ interests have been focused by this time. And also preparations for possibility or necessity of legislation have been not enough in understanding the nature of the net neutrality because there is not enough consideration of the technological or economical views’ limits.
      Neutral and open managements of the inter-net have leaded to the innovation and increased fundamental human rights. Therefore, the problem we have is not a choice in whether the net is managed neutrally, but rather it is a consideration of the regulation over the technology, affects innovation and fundamental human rights. It should be a reestablishment of fundamental human rights and a united legal system.
      Many fundamental human rights are violated in these days due to lack of the general rules on the net neutrality. We need to prepare against the violations. Also related basic human rights should be harmonized in a regulation or guarantee of the net neutrality.
      Specific and direct rules are not enough though current laws and regulations include rules over the net neutrality. We should make a general rule over the net neutrality not to make imperfect interpretations of new coming problems. With the general rule, we need to prevent a disaster, such as violations of the fundamental human rights. Laws and regulations must include concrete plans and measures for rationality. Courts and related administrative agency must use the plans and measures in application and interpretation of the law.
      Benefits from science technology must be guaranteed and harms from it must be prevented. Excessively specific and detailed statement of open concepts, such as rationality, is not ideal, but rather the open concepts must remain as issues of application and interpretation of laws with general meaning of the concepts and technological - social change.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 제1장 서론 1
      • 제1절 연구의 목적 1
      • 제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 3
      • 1. 연구의 범위 3
      • 2. 연구의 방법 4
      • 제1장 서론 1
      • 제1절 연구의 목적 1
      • 제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 3
      • 1. 연구의 범위 3
      • 2. 연구의 방법 4
      • 제2장 망중립성 개념의 형성과 논의의 전개 6
      • 제1절 망중립성 개념 분석 6
      • 1. 망중립성의 학술적 개념 분석(학술적 논의의 시작) 6
      • 1) 문제의 제기 7
      • 2) 해결 방안 8
      • 3) inter-network의 중립성 원칙 9
      • 4) 반대 견해에 대한 검토 11
      • 5) 결론 12
      • 2. 망중립성의 기술적 기초 12
      • 1) 단대단 원칙의 개념 14
      • 2) 단대단 원칙의 변화 15
      • 3) 단대단 원칙에 상반되는 동향 18
      • 4) 단대단 원칙의 새로운 변화 가능성 22
      • 5) 인터넷 표준에 관한 논쟁 25
      • 6) 단대단 원칙의 의의 25
      • 3. 각국에서의 망중립성 이슈화 26
      • 1) 미국 26
      • 2) 유럽 27
      • 3) 한국 28
      • 제2절 망중립성 논의의 전개 28
      • 1. 망중립성 논의의 스펙트럼 28
      • 1) 망중립성 논의의 개요 29
      • 2) 찬·반 양론 비교 31
      • (1) 기본 시각 차이 31
      • (2) 차별 유무 및 허용정도 32
      • (3) 혁신과 시장환경 33
      • (4) 경쟁과 이용자 보호 34
      • (5) 쟁점별 비교 35
      • 2. 망중립성에 대한 특정 관점에서의 논의 37
      • 1) 자유의 기술과 통제의 기술(기술적 관점) 37
      • 2) 서비스의 수직적 통합구조와 개방성(효율성 관점) 40
      • 3) 수직적 통합구조에 따른 지배력 전이 가능성(공정성) 43
      • 4) ISP의 합리적 망관리 행위의 필요성(ISP 관점) 47
      • 5) 망이용 대가와 망중립성(CP 관점) 49
      • 6) 차별 우려에 대한 불확실성 제거(이용자 관점) 51
      • 3. 망중립성 논의 전개과정의 특징 및 문제점 54
      • 제3장 망중립성에 대한 규범적 논의의 전개 56
      • 제1절 미국에서의 규범적 논의 56
      • 1. 망개방 문제로서의 망중립성 56
      • 1) Hush-a-phone 및 Carterfone Case 56
      • 2) Brand X Case 57
      • 3) 망개방과 망중립성 60
      • 2. 인터넷 환경변화에 따른 망중립성 논쟁의 변화 62
      • 1) VoIP 차단한 Madison River사건 62
      • 2) 범사회적 이슈가 된 America Online사건 64
      • 3) 인터넷 환경변화와 망중립성 논쟁 65
      • 3. 무선망중립성에 대한 논쟁 67
      • 1) AT&T, Comcast 등 사업자들의 Skype VoIP차단 67
      • 2) 무선망에 대한 중립성 논쟁 68
      • (1) 무선망중립성 69
      • (2) 무선망중립성에대한 반론 74
      • 4. FCC의 망중립성 규칙 76
      • 1) FCC Powell 의장의 Internet Freedoms 76
      • 2) FCC 망중립성 4원칙 정책선언(2005년) 77
      • 3) AT&T-BellSouth 합병조건(2006년) 78
      • 4) 망중립성 문제에 대한 공개적 조사와 NPRM 79
      • 5) NPRM에 대한 각계 의견 82
      • 5. Comcast 사건 항소법원판결이후 FCC의 대응 95
      • 6. FCC 망중립성 법안공포 98
      • 1) FCC의 오픈 인터넷 규칙 채택 경과 98
      • 2) 망개방성 보호의 필요성 100
      • 3) 투명성(Transparency) 101
      • 4) 접속차단 금지(No Blocking) 102
      • 5) 불합리한 차별 금지(No unreasonable discrimination) 104
      • 6) 합리적인 망관리(Reasonable Network Management) 106
      • 8) 무선 광대역(Mobile Broadband) 규칙 107
      • 9) 특수서비스(Specialized Services) 108
      • 7. 의회의 입법 시도 110
      • 제2절 유럽에서의 규범적 논의 115
      • 1. 망중립성 사례 116
      • 1) 영국 BBC iPlayer 서비스 116
      • 2) 영국 BT사의 P2P이용제한 정책 116
      • 2. 2009년 EU 통신 규제 개혁 117
      • 3. EC의 오픈 인터넷 정책 의견수렴 120
      • 4. 영국 121
      • 5. 노르웨이 123
      • 제3절 한국에서의 망중립성 논의 124
      • 1. 망중립성 사례 124
      • 1) 하나TV 호 차단 사건 124
      • 2) IPTV와 망개방 126
      • 3) ISP의 전용회선 제공 관련 이용자이익저해행위 128
      • 4) 인터넷메신저, 스마트TV와 망중립성 논란 130
      • 5) 이동통신사에 의한 mVoIP 제한 132
      • 2. 망중립성 정책방향 논의 133
      • 3. 한국에서의 논의의 문제점 137
      • (1) 「혁신과 투자」 중심의 논의 137
      • (2) 「혁신과 자유」로의 전환 139
      • 제4장 망중립성에 대한 새로운 규범적 논의 142
      • 제1절 새로운 규범적 논의의 필요성과 법적 개념 정의 142
      • 1. 새로운 규범적 논의의 필요성 142
      • 1) 규범적 개념 정의의 곤란함 142
      • 2) 새로운 기술·환경에 대한 인식의 필요 146
      • 3) 기존가치의 보호 149
      • 4) 사적 계약의 반경쟁성 151
      • 5) 과학기술의 양면성 154
      • 6) 미국 및 유럽의 규범적 논의의 특징 156
      • 2. 망중립성의 법적 개념 정의 158
      • 1) 기존의 망중립성 논의의 문제점 158
      • 2) 법적 개념 정의 160
      • 3) 유사개념과의 비교 162
      • (1) 망개방 162
      • (2) 동등접근 163
      • (3) 망개방과 망중립성 164
      • 제2절 망중립성의 공법적 기초 165
      • 1. 망중립성 문제에 대한 국가개입의 근거 165
      • 1) 인터넷의 공공성 165
      • (1) 사회적 공공성 165
      • (2) 재화로서의 공공성 166
      • 2) 망중립성의 본질적 특성 167
      • 3) 망중립성이 보호하는 헌법적 가치 168
      • 4) 과학기술의 규범적 통제 170
      • (1) 과학기술에 대한 헌법적 시각 170
      • (2) 망중립성에 대한 규범적 통제의 의의 171
      • 2. 현행법상 인터넷서비스 당사자 규제 체계 172
      • 1) 인터넷서비스에 대한 공법적 규제 172
      • 2) 인터넷서비스의 당사자 175
      • 3) 현행법령상의 사업자 규제 178
      • (1) ISP에 대한 공법적 규제 178
      • (2) CP에 대한 공법적 규제 182
      • 4) 이용자 보호 185
      • 5) 망중립성에 대한 현행법 규정의 문제점 186
      • 제3절 망중립성 보장과 기본권 관련성 188
      • 1. CP 및 이용자의 기본권관련성 188
      • 1) 망중립성 보장과 CP 및 이용자의 기본권 188
      • 2) 평등 보호 189
      • (1) 망중립성에서 평등의 특수성 189
      • (2) 물적 요소의 평등 190
      • (3) 인적 요소의 평등 192
      • (4) 송수신 및 접근의 차단금지 193
      • (5) 송수신 및 접근의 합리적 차별과 합리적 망관리행위 195
      • (6) 합리성 기준의 불명확성 197
      • (7) 평등규제의 사법심사 가능성 198
      • 3) 표현의 자유 199
      • (1) 표현 매체의 발달 200
      • (2) 전자커뮤니케이션의 자유 201
      • (3) 표현의 자유의 실현구조와 망중립성 202
      • (4) 현행법상 망중립성 보장과 표현의 자유 204
      • 4) 프라이버시 및 통신비밀 206
      • (1) 프라이버시·통신비밀과 정보보호 206
      • (2) 정보보호와 패킷분석 208
      • (3) 망중립성과 패킷분석 209
      • (4) DPI에 의한 프라이버시 침해 212
      • 2. ISP의 기본권 관련성 213
      • 1) 망중립성 규제와 ISP의 기본권 213
      • 2) 재산권 214
      • (1) 사적 자치와 경제질서 214
      • (2) 재산권의 보장의 의미 216
      • (3) 재산권의 보장과 망중립성 217
      • (4) 재산권의 제한과 정당한 보상 219
      • 3) 영업의 자유 222
      • (1) 영업의 자유의 보장 222
      • (2) 망중립성에 의한 영업의 자유의 제한 224
      • (3) 망중립성과 인터넷 종량제 224
      • 3. 기본권 충돌 및 효력확장의 문제 226
      • 1) 기본권 충돌과 효력확장이론 226
      • 2) 망중립성과 기본권의 충돌 및 효력확장 문제 229
      • 4. 소결 230
      • 제5장 결론 233
      • <참고문헌> 238
      • ABSTRACT 251
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