강관비계의 설치 유형별 구조해석을 통한 설치 기준 연구 = Installation standards study for different types of steel pipe scaffolding based on structural analysis

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국토교통부는 건설공사에 사용되는 비계 중 강관과 강관을 클램프로 결속하
여 설치하는 비계를 재래식 비계로 규정하고, 일체형 작업 발판인 시스템비
계를 사용하도록 정책적으로 추진하고 있다. 2019년 4월 30일에는 공공공
사 추락사고 방지에 관한 지침1)을 제정하고 이를 각 정부 산하기관 및 지방
자치단체에 하달하였다. 주요 내용은 발주청이 시행하는 공공공사에 비계가
설치될 경우 일체형 작업발판인 시스템 비계를 설계 발주단계에서부터 의무
적으로 반영하도록 하고 있다. 다만 공사의 특성상 강관비계를 시공하여야
할 경우 도면을 작성하고(단면도, 평면도, 작업발판 배치도, 시공 상세도 등)
구조계산을 시행하도록 하고 있다. 비계 설치의 안전성 확보 및 품질관리를
위해 시스템비계를 사용하도록 하고 있지만 비계가 설치되는 현장은 건설현
장 뿐만 아니라 조선소, 화력발전소, 석유화학 플랜트, 원자력발전소 등 다양
하다. 하지만 이 모든 현장에 시스템비계를 설치할 수는 없는 실정이다. 건설
현장 중 일부 건축현장의 외벽에 설치하는 경우에는 외부의 비계설치 과정에
서 간섭되는 본구조물이 많이 없으므로 시스템비계의 설치가 가능하지만, 화
력발전소나 원자력발전소처럼 공장내부에서 외부로 연결되는 배관이나 장비
등이 촘촘하게 설치되어 있는 경우에는 시스템비계를 설치하기 쉽지 않은 상
황이 발생할 수 있다. 즉 공장 내외부가 복잡한 현장의 경우 강관비계를 이
용하여 배관이나 장비의 간섭을 피하면서 설치작업을 실시해야 한다. 이러한
강관비계는 설치하는 작업자들의 숙련도에 따라 안전성이 달라지는 경우가
많다.
비계를 설치하기 위해서는 우선 조립도를 작성하고, 구조계산을 실시하여
안전상에 문제가 없는지 확인한 후 설치하여야 한다. 구조계산을 하지 않고
설치할 경우에는 산업안전보건기준에 관한 규칙이나, 또는 표준시방서의 설
치 기준에 따라 설치를 해야 한다. 두 기준 모두 비계를 지면에서 쌓아 올리
는 입상비계에 대해서만 규정하고 이외의 매달림 비계와 내민 비계에 대한
설치 기준이 없다는 한계가 있다.
비계는 설치하는 방법에 따라 크게 입상비계, 매달림 비계, 내민 비계로 구
분할 수가 있는데, 현재의 설치 기준은 입상비계 위주로 구성이 되어 있다.
이번 연구에서는 현장에 설치되어 있는 강관비계 중 작업자들이 경험에 의
존하여 설치한 비계들을 조사하여 비계 조립도를 작성하고 구조해석을 실시
하여 구조적 안전성을 분석하였다. 도면 작성이나 구조검토를 하지 않고 설
치한 강관비계의 구조안전성 연구를 통해 입상비계, 매달림 비계, 내민 비계
로 구분하여 분석한 결과 입상비계의 경우 간섭물이 없는 경우에는 강관비계
설치 기준에 따라 설치되는 소규모 비계의 경우 구조안전성에 문제가 없는
것으로 확인되었다. 그 외에 매달림 비계, 내민 비계의 경우 대부분의 비계에
서 구조적 부적합이 발생됨을 확인하였다.
이번 연구에서는 매달림 비계와 내민 비계의 구조적인 안전성을 확보할 수
있는 설치 방법에 대해 연구하였으며, 그 기준(안)을 제시하여 현장에서 경
험적으로 설치하는 강관비계에 대해 보다 안전하게 작업할 수 있는 근거를
제시함으로써 현장의 안전사고 저감에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport defines scaffoldings, that
are installed by clamping steel pipes, as conventional scaffolding among
scaffoldings used in construction work, and a policy is being promoted the use
of an integrated work platform system scaffolding. On April 30, 2019,
guidelines on the prevention of fall accidents in public works were enacted and
delivered to each government-affiliated organization and local government. The
main contents are when scaffolding is installed in public works implemented by
the ordering agency, system scaffolding, which is an integrated work platform,
is mandatory to reflect from the design order stage. However, if it is
necessary to construct steel pipe scaffolding due to the nature of the
construction, drawings are prepared (section drawings, floor plan, work
platform layout, construction details) and structural calculations are carried out.
Although system scaffolding is required to ensure the safety and quality
control of scaffolding installation, the sites where scaffolding is installed are
very diverse, including not only construction sites, but also shipyards, thermal
power plants, petrochemical plants, and nuclear power plants and etc. However,
it is not possible to install system scaffolding in all these sites. In case of
installation on the outer wall of some construction sites, it is possible to install
system scaffolding because there are not so many main structures that
interfere with the installation of scaffolding. But, sites like thermal power
plants or nuclear power plants, it is not easy to install system scaffolding
because of the densely installed pipes and equipment that connect from inside
to outside of the plant.
For complex sites like inside and outside of the factory, scaffolds should be
installed using steel pipe scaffolding to avoid interference with piping or
equipment. The safety of these steel pipe scaffolds often varies depending on
the skill level of the workers who install the scaffolding. In order to install
scaffolding, first, an assembly drawing should be drawn up, and structural
calculations should be carried out to confirm that there are no safety problems
prior installation. In case of installation without structural calculation, it must
be installed in accordance with the rules for occupational safety and health
standards or the installation standards of standard specifications. However, both
standards only stipulate that scaffolding is built up from the ground.
Depending on the method of installation, it can be largely divided into standing
scaffolding, hanging scaffolding, and cantilever scaffolding, but the current
installation standard is mainly composed of standing scaffolding.
In this study, among the steel pipe scaffolds installed in the field, the workers
examined the installed scaffolds based on their experience and created a
scaffold assembly drawing and the safety was analyzed by conducting
structural analysis. Through a study on the structural safety of steel pipe
scaffolding installed without drawings or structural review, it was analyzed by
dividing it into standing, hanging, and cantilever scaffolding.
In case of small scaled standing scaffolding, it was confirmed that there was
no problem in structural safety point of view. However, it was confirmed that
structural inadequacies occurred in most scaffolds in case of hanging scaffolds
and cantilever scaffolding. In this study, the installation method to secure the
structural safety of the hanging scaffolding and the cantilever scaffolding was
deeply reviewed and by presenting the standard (draft), the basis for safer
work for steel pipe scaffolding installed on a small scale was established.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서 론··················································································································· 1
• 1.1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···················································································· 1
• 1.2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ·················································································· 2
• 1.2.1. 연구 내용 및 범위 ··············································································· 2
• 1.2.2. 연구 방법······························································································· 4
• 2. 강관비계에 대한 이론적 고찰········································································· 5
• 2.1. 정의·············································································································· 5
• 2.2. 비계의 종류································································································ 5
• 2.3. 강관비계 시공 기준 ·················································································· 8
• 2.4. 설계 기준···································································································· 9
• 3. 강관비계 시공 실태조사················································································· 14
• 3.1. 시공실태 조사개요·················································································· 14
• 3.1.1. 강관비계 시공실태 관련 연구 계획··············································· 14
• 3.1.2. 조사 기준····························································································· 14
• 3.2. 시공실태 조사결과 및 분석·································································· 15
• 3.2.1. 강관비계 설치유형별 실태조사 ····················································· 15
• 3.2.2. 조사 결과에 따른 유형별 분류 ······················································· 17
• 3.2.3. 설치 분석····························································································· 18
• 3.3. 설문조사 및 분석 ·················································································· 22
• 3.3.1. 개요······································································································· 22
• 3.3.2. 설문 구성····························································································· 22
• 3.3.3. 설문조사 분석 ····················································································· 23
• 3.4. 소결············································································································ 33
• 4. 구조해석을 통한 안전성 분석······································································· 35
• 4.1. 비계 유형별 설치 도면·········································································· 35
• 4.2. 구조해석 절차 ·························································································· 40
• 4.2.1. 사용재료 ······························································································· 40
• 4.2.2. 하중조합 및 설계 하중····································································· 41
• 4.2.3. 구조해석(3차원 구조해석) ································································ 41
• 4.3. 구조해석 결과 및 분석·········································································· 43
• 4.3.1. 비계 설치 유형별 구조해석 결과··················································· 43
• 4.3.2. 구조해석 결과 Code Check ··························································· 45
• 4.4. 소결············································································································ 70
• 5. 강관비계 유형별 설치 기준 제안·································································· 71
• 5.1. 입상 비계 설치 기준·············································································· 73
• 5.1.1. 조립도 작성························································································· 74
• 5.1.2. 입상비계 Case별 구조해석 결과···················································· 77
• 5.1.3. 구조해석 없이 설치할 수 있는 입상비계 범위··························· 78
• 5.2. 매달림 비계 설치 기준·········································································· 85
• 5.2.1. 매달림 비계 구조해석 Case 선정 ················································ 85
• 5.2.2. 매달림 비계 구조해석 결과····························································· 89
• 5.2.3. 구조해석 없이 설치할 수 있는 매달림 비계 설치 간격 ······· 117
• 5.2.4. 매달림 비계 최종 설치가능 범위 구조해석 검증 ····················· 124
• 5.3. 내민 비계 설치 기준············································································ 125
• 5.3.1. 구조해석 모델 선정 ········································································· 125
• 5.3.2. 내민 비계 Case별 구조해석 결과················································ 129
• 5.3.3. 구조해석 없이 설치할 수 있는 내민 비계 설치 간격 ············· 168
• 5.3.4. 내민 비계 최종 설치가능 범위 구조해석 검증························· 176
• 5.4. 소결·········································································································· 177
• 6. 결론················································································································· 178
• 참고문헌·············································································································· 180
• 부록······················································································································ 184
• ABSTRACT ······································································································· 222