국가권력과 민간경비 : 민간경비제도의 정치적 정당성에 대한 검토

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently the field of private security is expanding very rapidly. In the case of Germany which leads the field of European private security, the number of private security guards increased from 97,000 in 1997 to 173,000 in 2007. Private security companies increased as well from 542 in 1980 to 3300 in 2007. Sales figure also showed massive surge from 26.1 hundred million Euro in 1997(4trillion 8,478 hundred million in Korean Won) to 43 hundred million Euro in 2006. US and Japan is also experiencing the buoyancy. The number of security guards in the 8,924 private security companies went over 510 thousands in 2008 in Japan. The number of private security guards exceeded the number of police officers already in 1970 in US. The number of private security guards in US is 2500 thousands, and the number of police officers is 750 thousands. While the budget for private security is 2,100 hundred million dollars, the budget for police is just 570 hundred million dollars. For Korea, the number of private security guards is 163,290 therefore out numbers the number of police officers which is 97,732 by 65 thousands in 2009. The number of private security companies reached 3,270.
In spite of the great increase in the field of private security, the research topic related to private security had not been handled importantly in politics. The interpretation on the explosive increase in the field of private security was handled by the science of police administration or security administration in part for the economic cost saving and effectivity. However being related to the demand for violence monopoly which is the core function of modern nation, this subject becomes a important research subject in politics about the right monopoly of force by nations. As shown in recated examples of private security companies engaging in warfare instead of the nation, the scale in recae level of destructive power could threaten the go state power. So serious political changing is undergoing that the typical characteristic of modern nation, 'Thesis of nation's force monopoly' could collapse. Therefore the political and theoretical examination and the finding out the right direction of private security is being raised as the important project.
The critical mind of this research is divided into 3 levels. Firstly, how can we explain the recent phenomenon of private security exceeding national police force and even expanding? Private security statistically exceeds police force in the number and partly physical force, but the important thing is the action of the government toward exerting illegal and legal force. When government can control illegal force exertion, then the legal force exertion such as private secuirty can function within the government's control. This premise that monopoly of violent means accomplished by the government. If the control of the government is not accomplished, this can become the serious national crisis.
Secondly, will it be negative or positive to expand the field of private security under the political reality of modern nation being maintained? Private security had been used already before the modern nation by the political, economical needs, and as the modern nation was born and the capitalism develops, the need for private security is increasing. It is positive side of the private security that it supports protecting public peace, individual person, or high-tech facilities by the governmental need. However it is negative side of the private security that restricts labor basic right for the enterpreneur profit, is used by political forces, makes a problem of inequality in security. If the positive side of the priave security is only focused then we could face political chaos.
Thirdly, Does private security performs social functions other than profits? What is the growth engine of private security, and how can we make use of it? Private security aims at profits by its characteristic, but it frequently functions for the nation and the public following the level of governmental use. Maintenance of public order, crime prevention, protection for cutting-edge technologies are those. Growth of private security is the private field of which need is increasing as the capital develops rapidly, but as the government is leading in permitting and controlling it, it can be said as the special field in which public need can restric and make use of it.
This reasearch used Weber's Goverment force monopoly thesis in order to examine relationship between government force and private security in the political context. Following Weber's theoretical examination, I progressed the discussion focusing on the premise that modern nation which achieved the demand for the violence monopoly should permit and control the legal force exertion of private security. Modern nation can be maintained when it has the ability to restrict and control the illegal force such as gangs and terrorists other than legally permitting physical forces.
Focusing on those theoretical arguments, I tried to find out not only positive but also negative sides of expanding private security. however I faced the ambiguity that some phenomena after the world-wide major capital came out cannot be interpreted only positively or negatively. For example even though the government permits private security in order to solve the problem of the inequality of security, economical inequality again produces inequality in security. I saved political-theoretical ambiguity which cannot be restricted to only being positive or negative for the later research projects.
The point of this research is to focus on political and economical legitimacy of private security under the relationship between private security and governmental power. Private security functions positively in the field in which government's security and safety functions cannot solve all the problems, while administrative power is getting bigger under the development of capitalism and various kinds of crimes are increasing such as highly developed terrorisms. It turned out that handover of public order and safety to private companies is becoming the essential work of government, and that how we make use of the division of functions in the role of nation through private security is important. The expansion of private security grants the chance for high-quality service for groups, individual or the public but also has the negative chance to weaken the governmental power and make poor people feel isolated from the security.
However as you can see from the examples of western developed countries in which privatization of governmental power was finished, the positive side of private security contributes largely to economy and politics if the government permits and controls certain fields with the enoguh laws and legislations. Private security protects information and techniques from leaking in the field of high-tech industries, and also works for the public safety. Therefore if private security is vitalized in the right way, it doesn't bring about the weakening of governmental power but will make nation focus on the fields that government has to take care of therefore increasing the public confidence. Also in the field of politics, it prevents terrors for important people and areas therefore social chaos to be forestalled.
This thesis consists of 5 chapter, and in chapter 1, it suggests the object, range and the method of research. In chapter 2, I progressed the theoretical examination on private security's political/ economical legitimacy focusing on Weber's discussions. In chapter 3, I analyzed the present condition of private security's function while dealing the privatization of national security. Here I suggested concrete statistical data of present condition of private security of major nations worldwide. In chapter 4, I compared negative and postivie effect of privatization of national security and suggested further subject of ambiguity which cannot be divided under the dichotomy. As a conclusion, this research suggests that we need to focus on positive function under the changing economical, world-wide, domestic environment even though we cannot ignore the negative effect of private security.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 = 12
• 제2장 국가권력과 민간경비의 관계 = 15
• 제1절 민간경비의 정치적 정당성 검토 = 15
• 1. 기존 논의의 검토와 민간경비의 정치학적 해석 = 15
• 2. 국가폭력독점테제와 지배 정당성 = 32
• 제2절 국가독점 억압기구의 현황과 민간경비 = 37
• 1. 국가독점 억압기구 현황과 역할 = 37
• 2. 범죄 환경의 변화와 민간경비 = 51
• 제3절 국가치안 여건의 변화와 민간경비 = 72
• 1. 국가독점 억압기능의 전환 양상 = 72
• 2. 지배의 변화와 민간경비 = 83
• 3. 치안유지 기능의 전환 양상 = 89
• 제3장 국가경비의 민영화 현황 = 105
• 제1절 민간경비의 성장 요인 = 105
• 1. 정치적 요인 = 106
• 2. 경제적 요인 = 115
• 3. 사회.치안적 요인 = 117
• 4. 기타 요인 = 118
• 제2절 민간경비의 기능 및 유형 = 119
• 제3절 주요국가의 민간경비 현황 = 126
• 1. 대한민국 = 126
• 2. 독일 = 142
• 3. 미국 = 155
• 4. 일본 = 168
• 5. 영국 = 177
• 6. 프랑스 = 189
• 7. 기타 국가 = 194
• 제4장 민간경비의 이중성 = 200
• 제1절 민간경비의 순기능 = 200
• 1. 국방력의 효율성 증진 = 200
• 2. 국가치안기능의 효율성 강화 = 204
• 3. 국가경쟁력 향상 및 예산 절감 = 216
• 4. 자유민주주의의 기능유지 = 221
• 5. 개인적 보안 욕구 충족 = 227
• 제2절 민간경비의 역기능 = 236
• 1. 국가 치안.행정의 ‘사병화’ 위험성 = 236
• 2. 대자본의 도구적 활용 위험성 = 240
• 3. 공공적 치안 성격의 약화 = 244
• 4. 기타 역기능 = 247
• 제3절 순기능과 역기능의 종합적 검토 = 249
• 제5장 결 론 = 252
• 참고문헌 = 260
• ABSTRACT = 271