Global urban development paradigm in the 21st century is changing from 'Urban Renewal' to ‘Urban Regeneration’, and government organizations in South Korea also participate in this trend and lead related businesses. However, since recent public in...
Global urban development paradigm in the 21st century is changing from 'Urban Renewal' to ‘Urban Regeneration’, and government organizations in South Korea also participate in this trend and lead related businesses. However, since recent public initiative urban regeneration businesses had some troubles in financing and resident's participation, South Korea's urban experts have begun to introduce 'private initiative urban regeneration' which is led by private companies and guarantees publicness and sustainability either.
This research mainly deals with 'Multi-dimensional urban planning', one of the private initiative urban regeneration methods, which enables integrated land-use through designating diverse land-use plan on the specific site. Institutionally, private initiative multi-dimensional urban planning means 'Constructing non-urban planning facility(private sector owned) additionally on the urban planning facility(public sector owned) and its site', and some countries like the United States and Japan already launched private initiative urban regeneration businesses through establishing an institutional framework. Through analyzing these two countries, this research could find out three institutional visions for the private initiative multi-dimensional urban planning system: flexible land-use system, definitely partitioned superficies, and activated business practice.
The typological characteristics of the current multi-dimensional planning system in South Korea can be classified into two categories depending on the subject of practical use: public sector's use(Compound decision, multi-dimensional planning decision) and private sector's use(Spatial development permission). The latter one can be reclassified into a 'Partial land purchase' and 'Land lease', according to the land acquisition method. Even though those two sectors have their legal basis for multi-dimensional planning, private sector's practical uses are much rarer than public sector's. In this regard, this paper points out that institutional framework associated with private sector's use should be ameliorated, and analyzes multi-dimensional planning's legal frameworks through three aspects and their analysis items elicited from aforementioned foreign countries.
After analyzing current multi-dimensional planning system in South Korea, this research could figure out improvement strategies for the multi-dimensional planning system as the private initiative urban regeneration method and suggest five urban policy proposals.
Firstly, the range of using permission for occupation needs to be extended. 'Land lease' method has more specific criteria and standard for implementation than 'Partial land purchase' method, and it has been applied to most of the relative cases. However, its narrow range of use functions as an institutional obstacle. To activate private sector's use, its object facilities, and spatial application types should be supplemented.
Secondly, a legal system which enables private sector's acquisition of urban planning sites should be improved. Under the current law, provisions which refer estimated costs and ways to set up partitioned superficies when private businesses want to acquire public land do not exist. Consequently, to implement private sector's multi-dimensional planning businesses, the government should establish relative criteria or guideline on the legal system.
Thirdly, additional provisions which applied to the multi-dimensional planning system should be established or revised in the「National Land Planning and Utilization Act」 and the 「Building Act」. Existing Acts do not reflect the three-dimensional spatial use concept, the goal of the multi-dimensional planning system, so the building-to-land ratio, the floor-area ratio, the building uses standard, and the structure design reference should be complemented to activate private sector's use.
Fourthly, the government should establish design guideline or provide architectural incentive. It is crucial to provide means to promote and encourage the private sector's practical use of multi-dimensional planning system, as well as legal improvement. To do so, the government should provide design guideline or architectural incentive through the district units plan or special action plan.
Fifthly, through affiliating with 「Special Act for Activating and Supporting Urban Regeneration」, multi-dimensional urban planning system should establish its identity as an urban regeneration method. If the private initiative multi-dimensional planning system needs to be performed as an urban regeneration, not urban renewal, it would be linked to 「Special Act for Activating and Supporting Urban Regeneration」 to clarify its goal, and ease the regulation which inhibits private sector's urban regeneration businesses.
To vitalize multi-dimensional planning system as the private initiative urban regeneration method in South Korea, professional legal research which can suggest detailed amendment should be implemented, as well as aforementioned policy proposals. In addition to that, empirical studies which examine problems of future practical businesses which will be conducted by the private sector should be performed.