Parabens (para-hydroxybenzoic acids) is frequently used as preservatives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics and is well known as endocrine disruptors to cause neurological disorders similar to other endocrine disruptors. In addition, according to...
Parabens (para-hydroxybenzoic acids) is frequently used as preservatives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics and is well known as endocrine disruptors to cause neurological disorders similar to other endocrine disruptors. In addition, according to recent studies, severe concerns are raised on the possible link with biological safety of parabens such as neurological disease, breast cancer and reproductive disease about cytotoxicity potential in the human. Due to the association with these diseases, regulations on the use of paraben have been reinforced. However, the molecular mechanisms for the adverse effect of butylparaben on neurological cytotoxicity remain unclear.
In the present study, I investigated that effects of butylparaben on the apoptosis of primary cortical neurons. The neurotoxicity effect of butylparaben were investigated on mice primary cortical neurons by WST-8 and LDH release assay. The result showed that in dose of 500, 1000 µM butylparaben attenuated the neuronal survival in primary cortical neurons. Next, apoptosis was investigated by the TUNEL assay in primary cortical neurons and the analysis suggested that 500 µM butylparaben increased cell death. In addition, I detected to the protein levels of apoptotic-associated in primary cortical neurons using the western blot. I found that 500 µM butylparaben significantly increased pro-apoptotic protein levels of BAX and caspase3, whereas decreasing pro-survival protein levels of Bcl-2 in primary cortical neurons. In prior studies, endoplasmic reticulum stress is one of the mainly factor for inducting apoptosis in primary cortical neurons, and I detected to the protein levels of ER stress-associated using the western blot. I found that 500 µM butylparaben significantly increased ER stress protein levels of GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP in primary cortical neurons. Finally, I demonstrated that apoptosis mediated by ER stress pathway in primary cortical neurons. I treated the ER stress inhibitor, which is inhibition of ATF4 upstream, and I found that apoptosis by butylparaben-induced significantly was inhibited in primary cortical neurons. found that the ER stress was roles in causing the butylparaben-induced apoptosis effects of primary cortical neurons. The results of this study suggest a specific case of neurotoxicity by butylparaben exposure induced apoptosis mediated by ER stress of primary cortical neurons.