아동양육시설에서 성장한 청년들의 애착경험에 대한 현상학적 연구 = A phenomenological study on attachment experiences of young people who grew up in institutional care

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived attachment experiences with caregivers and their peers of young people who grew up in institutional care. 8 participants were purposefully selected among young people in their twenties who lived in institutional care for more than 10 years, formed meaningful relationships with caregivers and peers, and who could reflect on their experiences and express them in detail.
In order to protect the research participants and comply with the ethical regulations, before the start of the research, the participants were fully explained about the contents and method of the research and then voluntarily participated in the research. In the course of the research process, the names of the participants were treated as pseudonyms and detailed personal information was omitted as much as possible, making it difficult to estimate the participants. As for the number of in-depth interviews, six participants participated twice and two participated only once. The in-depth interview time per session ranged from 1 hour 10 minutes to 2 hours 30 minutes. The survey period was from November 2018 to April 2019, The interviews were recorded with the consent of the participants, and the transcripts were made and analyzed according to Colaizzi’s (1978) descriptive phenomenological method.
As a result of the analysis, 20 themes were derived based on 81 formulated meanings in the study participants' experiences of attachment with a caregiver, and 7 theme clusters were derived. The theme clusters for each category are as follows : The door of the heart is closed in the midst of anxiety and fear, The environment inherent in confusion and lack, Shock of being abandoned and painful sequelae, Bitter disconnection, miscommunication and distrust, Grateful and satisfying care, Coping strategies for survival, and Meaning of caregiver is extreme.
In the experience of attachment with peers, 11 themes were derived based on 37 formulated meanings, and 5 theme clusters were derived. The theme clusters for each category are as follows : A special relationship with the same wounds and experiences, Making up for the lack of care and protection’,‘Deep understanding and empathy, Dependable people in the absence of trustworthy people, and A real family with deep affection.
Some suggestions from the research results are as follows. First, it is necessary to put the focus of the services of institutional care on promoting attachment between caregivers and children, and make great efforts to form a good relationship between caregivers and children. To this end, it will be necessary to lower the ratio between caregivers and children, to raise the quality of caregivers, and to continuously provide education and training so that caregivers can provide good care. Second, it is necessary to closely observe and analyze the attachment types (or attachment strategies) of children growing up in institutional care, and plan and implement differentiated interventions according to the attachment types of each child. Third, it is necessary to strengthen counseling and psychotherapy services for children whose psycho-psychological functions are greatly impaired due to unhealthy attachment relationships. Fourth, considering the importance of healthy attachment with peers in institutional care, it is necessary to help them form healthy relationships with peers in institutional care, and it will be necessary to provide special help to children with disabilities in peer relationships.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 7
• Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 9
• 1. 시설아동에 대한 이해 9
• 가. 시설아동 현황 9
• 나. 아동양육시설 종사자 자격 및 배치현황 14
• 다. 시설아동의 사회심리적 특성 18
• 2. 애착에 대한 이해 19
• 가. 애착의 개념 19
• 나. 애착의 기능 21
• 다. 양육자의 양육행동과 애착의 질 25
• 라. 또래애착 28
• 마. 시설아동의 애착 30
• 3. 시설아동 애착에 관한 선행연구 39
• 가. 애착유형에 관한 연구 39
• 나. 시설아동의 애착관련 국내 질적 연구 40
• 다. 시설아동의 애착관련 외국의 질적 연구 46
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 50
• 1. 현상학적 연구방법 50
• 2. 현상학적 질문 53
• 3. 연구참가자 선정 55
• 4. 연구참가자에 대한 윤리적 고려 60
• 5. 연구자의 가정과 선이해 61
• 6. 질적 연구의 엄격성을 위한 고려 64
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 67
• 1. 보육사와의 애착경험과 그 의미 67
• 가. 불안과 공포 속 마음의 문이 닫김 71
• 나. 혼란과 결핍이 내재된 환경 76
• 다. 버림받음의 충격과 깊은 후유증 86
• 라. 쓰라린 단절과 불통, 불신 93
• 마. 고맙고 만족스러운 보살핌 115
• 바. 살아남기 위한 대처전략 124
• 사. 선생님의 의미는 극과 극 134
• 2. 보육원 또래와의 애착경험 143
• 가. 같은 상처와 경험을 공유한 특별한 사이 145
• 나. 보살핌의 결핍을 채워주고 보호해 줌 154
• 다. 깊은 이해와 공감을 하는 사이 161
• 라. 믿을 사람 없는 가운데 믿고 의지하는 존재 168
• 마. 진한 정으로 맺어진 진짜 가족 173
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 182
• 1. 연구요약 182
• 가. 보육사애착 경험과 의미 183
• 나. 또래애착 경험과 의미 185
• 2. 논의 187
• 가. 애착대상의 상실 및 분리가 주는 충격 187
• 나. 심리적 안전감의 형성을 저해하는 보육원 환경 189
• 다. 보육사와의 관계경험과 표상과의 관계 191
• 라. 혼란과 결핍이 내재된 보육원 환경 속에서 자기보호를 극대화하기 위한 내적 · 외적 대처전략 195
• 마. 가장 믿을 수 있고 든든한 안전기지 - 보육원 또래 201
• 바. 보통의 또래관계를 뛰어넘는 특별한 연대- 가족, 보호자, 친구의 3중 관계 204
• 3. 실천적 제언 206
• 4. 연구의 의의 및 후속연구를 위한 제언 211
• 참고문헌 214
• 영문초록 227