군 조직에서 리더의 발언행동이 구성원의 발언행동에 미치는 영향: 발언 효능감의 매개효과와 LMX의 조절효과 = The Effect of Leader’s Voice Behavior on Members’ Voice Behavior in Military Organizations: The Mediating Effect of Speech Efficacy and the Moderating Effect of LMX

국문 초록 (Abstract)

조직 내 구성원의 발언행동은 조직의 효율성 향상과 혁신을 주도하는 중요한 요소이다. 민간조직 뿐만 아니라, 상명하복을 중요시하는 군 조직 내에서도 구성원들의 발언행동을 촉진하는 것이 부대의 업무 효율성을 증진하고, 전투력을 향상시키기 위해 중요한 요소로 작용할 것이다. 본 연구는 사회인지이론과 사회학습이론을 바탕으로, 조직 내에서 구성원들의 발언행동을 촉진하는 요인들과 그 메커니즘을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 특히, 군 조직 내에서 리더의 발언행동이 구성원의 발언행동에 미치는 영향과 발언 효능감의 매개효과, LMX의 조절효과를 실증적으로 검증하고자 한다.
본 연구는 육·해·공군 및 해병대 간부를 대상으로 한 온라인 및 서면 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 획득한 185부의 설문자료를 분석한 결과, 군 조직 내에서 리더의 발언행동과 구성원의 발언행동 사이에 정(+)의관계가 있음을 확인하였으며, 리더 발언행동 및 구성원의 발언행동 간의 관계에서 발언 효능감의 매개 효과는유의하였다. 또한, 발언 효능감과 구성원의 발언행동 사이에서 LMX의 조절효과도 유의하였다. 즉, LMX가 높은경우 발언 효능감이 구성원의 발언행동에 미치는 영향이 감소되었으며, 이는 발언 효능감이 낮은 구성원도LMX가 높으면 발언행동을 더 많이 한다는 해석이 가능하다.
본 연구의 결과는 그동안 많이 연구되지 않았던 ‘군(軍)’이라는 특수한 조직 내에서의 발언행동에 대해 연구함으로써, 관련 연구의 공백을 다소나마 해소하였다. 위계질서가 강한 군 조직이지만, 리더의 적극적인 발언행동은 구성원의 발언 효능감을 높이고, 발언행동을 촉진할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 발언행동과 관련한 이론의 확장에 기여함은 물론, 실무적으로는 조직 구성원들의 발언행동을 촉진하기 위해 군 리더들이 스스로 어떠한 노력을 기울여야 할지에 대한 방향 설정에 도움을 줄 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The voice behavior of members in the organization is an important factor that leads to the improvement of organizational efficiency and innovation. Promoting members’ voice behavior not only within private organizations but also within military organizations that place importance on top and bottom will serve as an important factor in improving the unit’s work efficiency and combat power. Based on social cognitive theory and social learning theory, this study aims to reveal the factors and mechanisms that promote members’ voice behavior within the organization. In particular, we would like to empirically verify the effect of the leader’s voice behavior on the members’ voice behavior within the military organization, the mediating effect of speech efficacy, and the moderating effect of LMX.
This study collected data through online and written surveys of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps executives. As a result of analyzing 185 survey data obtained, it was confirmed that there was a positive (+) relationship between the leader’s speech behavior and the member’s speech behavior within the military organization, and the mediating effect of speech efficacy was significant. In addition, the moderating effect of LMX between the effectiveness of speech and the member’s speech behavior was also noted. In other words, when LMX is high, the effect of speech efficacy on members’ speech behavior is reduced, which can be interpreted that members with low speech efficacy also have more speech behavior if LMX is high.
The results of this study somewhat resolved the gap in related research by studying the speech behavior within a special organization called the "military," which has not been studied much. Although it is a military organization with a strong hierarchy, it has been confirmed that the leader’s active speech behavior can increase the effectiveness of members’ speech and promote speech behavior. This will not only contribute to the expansion of theories related to speech behavior, but also in practice, it will help set the direction of what efforts military leaders should make on their own to promote the speech behavior of organizational members.

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