Major depressive disorder (MDD), known as depression, is the most common psychiatric disorder. Stress, a robust risk factor for MDD, causes neuronal atrophy that reduces dendrite arborization and spine density in mature neurons of the hippocampus and ...
Major depressive disorder (MDD), known as depression, is the most common psychiatric disorder. Stress, a robust risk factor for MDD, causes neuronal atrophy that reduces dendrite arborization and spine density in mature neurons of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. The Neuronal growth regulator 1 (Negr1) gene, which is identified as a depression-associated gene by genome-wide association study (GWAS), encodes a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the IgLON subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). It has also been reported that anxiety and depression-like behaviors are increased in Negr1-deficient mice and that antidepressants affect Negr1 expression, suggesting that Negr1 is associated with MDD. However, little is known about the detailed molecular mechanism for the Negr1’s role in MDD. In this study, I investigated the molecular function of Negr1 in neuronal atrophy associated with MDD. I uncovered that loss of Negr1 causes atrophy of mature neurons in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, I demonstrated that Negr1 is involved in negative regulation of the RhoA expression in the mouse hippocampus and cortex. Taken together, these results suggest that low level expression of Negr1 increases RhoA expression and thus induces neuronal atrophy, which may lead to depression.