도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 특성분석 = Characteristics analysis of new deal projects for urban uegeneration in central city by size of city

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지금까지의 국내 도시개발사업의 주된 문제점이었던 물리적(Physical) 개발정책으로는 원도심의 경제 및 기능 쇠퇴에 대한 근본적인 해결방안을 도출하지 못하였으며, 지속가능성(Sustainable)마저 확신하지 못하여 물리적, 경제적, 문화적, 사회적 관점의 다방면적 요소를 고려하는 도시재생(Urban Regeneration)사업이 대두되기 시작하였다. 이에 따라 우리나라는 2005년 「도시재정비촉진을 위한 특별법」1)을 필두로 도시재생 관련 사업을 진행하기 시작하였고, 이것마저도 통합적 해결방안을 모색하지 못하였다. 이에 이어 마침내 2013년 「도시재생 활성화 및 지원에 관한 특별법(이하 도시재생법)」2)을 제정하여 기존의 전면 개발방식이었던 도시재개발사업이 아닌 도시재생(都市再生)사업을 시작하였다. 이 법은 도시의 경제적·사회적·문화적 활력 회복을 위하여 공공의 역할과 지원을 강화함으로써 도시의 자생적 성장기반을 확충하고, 도시의 경쟁력을 제고하며, 지역공동체를 회복하는 등 국민의 삶의 질 향상에 이바지함을 목적으로 제정·공표되었다. 2017년 문재인 정부에 들어서서 ‘도시재생 뉴딜사업’을 추진하기 시작였으며, 현재까지 시행중에 있다. 이는 지금까지의 정부 주도의 대규모 개발사업을 지양(止揚)하고, 주민과 지자체의 의견수렴(Bottom-up)을 통한 소규모 정비(개선-Improvemant)형태로 전국을 대상으로 수 많은 도시재생 뉴딜사업(Hardware, Software)들이 진행중에 있다.
도시재생 뉴딜사업은 전국적으로 시행되는 정책적 사업으로 도시 규모별로 인구밀도, 경제 상황 등 여러 가지 측면에서 차이가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 도시재생 사업지역의 선정방식과 성과에 대한 평가지표는 획일적으로 제시되고 있어, 지역별 특성이 전혀 나타나지 않고, 획일적인 선호사업들이 전국적으로 동시에 비슷한 사업들을 진행중에 있어 많은 문제점들을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 획일적 방식은 사업구성에서도 나타나며, 실제로 거주민이 필요로 하는 사업을 시행하는 것이 아닌 공통되고 일반화된 도시재생 뉴딜사업이 이루어지고 있어 효과적인 성과를 얻기가 어려운 실정이다.
따라서, 본 연구에서는 도시재생 5개 유형 중 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업을 대상으로, 도시 규모별로 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업에 대하여 지역주민 및 상인의 선호사업에 대한 특성을 분석하여 선호사업을 도출하고, 이에 대한 향후 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.
분석방법으로는 도시 규모별로 중심시가지를 1개소씩 선정하고, 선정된 A, B, C 사업지구에 대하여 지역주민 및 상인을 대상으로 실시한 선호사업을 조사하여 빈도를 분석하였으며, 사업추진 방향설정에 영향을 미치는 주민의 선호사업을 도출하기 위하여 회귀분석과 빈도분석을 진행하였다.
사업지구별로 사업추진 방향의 최우선 순위는 A 사업지구의 경우 물리적 환경개선(사업환경), B 사업지구의 경우 물리적 환경개선(건축분야), C 사업지구의 경우 사회경제적 환경개선(창업지구)으로 나타났다. 이것은 중심시가지를 대상으로 하고 있기 때문에, 선호사업을 분석한 결과 물리적인 환경개선과 사회경제적 환경개선이 시급하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
다음으로 도시 규모별로 선호사업들을 분석한 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. A 사업지구는 범주형 회귀분석 결과, 1순위로 공가(空家) 폐가(廢家) 관리가 가장 영향력이 높은 것으로 도출되었으며, 2순위로는 주차환경, 3순위 상업환경 개선으로 결과가 도출되었다. B 사업지구는 우선 사업 분야 1순위로 선택된 설문지만을 선별하여 빈도분석을 실시한 결과, 물리적 환경개선(건축분야)이 최우선 순위로 선정되었으며, 이를 구체적으로 설명하면 1순위로 주차장 및 보행길 정비, 2순위 창업 지원공간 확충, 3순위 공가, 공점포 활용으로 도출되었다. C 사업지구는 회귀분석 결과 사회경제적 환경개선(창업지구)으로 1순위 창업지원센터, 2순위 재취업지원 프로그램, 3순위 지역특화 산업지원 시설로 나타났다. 또한, 도시 규모별로 선호사업들에 대한 특성분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업은 도시 규모가 대규모일수록 물리적 환경개선을 선호하며, 도시 규모가 소규모일수록 사회경제적 환경개선에 대한 사업과 기능을 선호한다는 결론이 도출되었다. 이러한 특성분석 결과를 바탕으로 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 광역시 규모의 경우 선호분석 결과에 따라 공가 폐가를 활용하여 지역 비즈니스 거점시설을 형성하고, 기존 주차장 또는 빈 부지를 활용한 주차환경 개선, 보행로 및 노후 건축물들을 개선하는 등 상업환경 개선과 같은 물리적인 환경개선에 중점을 두는 사업을 시행할 필요가 있다. 또한, 대도시 규모의 경우 유입된 관광객의 편의를 위한 주차장 및 안전한 보행환경을 위한 보행길 정비와 같은 물리적인 환경개선과 공가, 공점포 활용방안과 연계하여 리모델링이 가능한 유휴공간은 창업 지원공간 확충에 이용하는 등 사회경제적 환경개선에 중점을 두는 사업을 시행하여야 한다. 중소도시 규모의 경우 창업공간과 경제활동 공간을 제공하는 창업지원센터 조성, 변화 주체자로서 셀프리더십을 배양하는 재취업지원 프로그램, 쇠퇴지역의 지역특화 산업이 재생할 수 있도록 지역특화 산업지원 시설 조성과 같은 사회경제적 환경개선에 중점을 두는 사업을 시행하여야 한다. 이상으로 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 주민과 상인들을 대상으로 실시한 선호사업들에 대한 설문조사 내용을 중심으로 지역의 문제점과 주민의 선호사업에 대한 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 향후 진행될 도시재생 뉴딜사업에 대한 개선방안을 제시함으로써 쾌적한 상업환경을 조성함으로써 도시 경쟁력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The physical development policy, which has been the main problem of
domestic urban development projects so far, has not been able to derive a
fundamental solution to the economic and functional decline of the original
downtown. Urban Regeneration, which considers various factors from a
social point of view, has begun to emerge. Accordingly, Korea started to
carry out projects related to urban regeneration, starting with the 「Special
Act for Promotion of Urban Reorganization」 in 2005, and even this failed
to find an integrated solution. Following this, in 2013, the 「Special Act on
Revitalization and Support for Urban Regeneration (here in after referred
to as the Urban Regeneration Act)」was finally enacted to start the urban
regeneration project, not the urban redevelopment project, which was the
existing full-scale development method. This Act enhances the quality of
life of the people by strengthening the role and support of the public to
restore the city's economic, social, and cultural vitality, expanding the city's
autonomous growth foundation, enhancing the city's competitiveness, and
restoring the local community. was enacted and published for the purpose
of contributing to In 2017, when the Moon Jae-in government took office,
the‘Urban Regeneration New Deal Projects’was promoted and is
currently being implemented. This avoids the government-led large-scale
development projects so far, and projects (Hardware, Software) are in
progress nationwide in the form of small-scale maintenance (Improvement)
through bottom-up gathering of opinions from residents and local
governments. is in
The Urban Regeneration New Deal projects is a nationwide policy
project, and despite the differences in population density and economic
conditions by city size due to the concentration and concentration of
metropolitan areas and large cities of population and economy, As the
evaluation indicators for Korea are presented uniformly, regional
characteristics do not appear at all, and uniform preferred projects are
running similar projects nationwide at the same time. This uniform method
is also reflected in the project composition, and the common and
generalized New Deal project for urban regeneration is being implemented
rather than implementing the projects required by the residents. Therefore, in this study, among the five types of urban regeneration,
the preferred project was derived by analyzing the characteristics of the
preferred project of local residents and merchants for the central city type
urban regeneration new deal project by city size. and suggest future
improvement plans for this. As an analysis method, one central city area was selected for each city
size, and the frequency of preferred projects conducted for local residents
and merchants for the selected project districts A, B, and C was
investigated and the frequency was analyzed. A regression analysis and
frequency analysis were performed to determine the preferred projects of
residents. The highest priority in the direction of project promotion by project
district was the improvement of the physical environment (Business
Environment) in the case of project district A (Business Environment), the
improvement of the physical environment (Architectural Field) in the case
of project district B, and improvement of the Socio-Economic Environment
(Start-up District) in the case of project district C. Since this is for the
central city, the results of analyzing the preferred business show that the
improvement of the physical environment and the improvement of the
socio-economic environment are urgently needed. Next, the results of analyzing the preferred projects by city size are
summarized as follows. As a result of the categorical regression analysis in
the A project district, the 1st priority was the management of abandoned
houses, and the 2nd priority was the improvement of the parking
environment and the 3rd priority of the commercial environment. As a
result of frequency analysis by selecting only the questionnaires selected as
the first priority in the project area for project B, the improvement of the
physical environment (Architectural Field) was selected as the top priority.
It was derived from the expansion of the 2nd priority start-up support
space, the 3rd priority empty space, and the use of vacant stores. As a
result of regression analysis, project district C was found to be the 1st
priority start-up support center, 2nd priority re-employment support
program, and 3rd priority regional specialized industrial support facility for
socio-economic environment improvement (Startup District). In addition, the results of characteristic analysis of preferred projects by
city size are summarized as follows. The conclusion was drawn that the
larger the city size, the more the physical environment improvement is
preferred, and the smaller the city size, the more the projects and
functions for socioeconomic environment improvement are preferred. Based on the results of this characteristic analysis, improvement plans
for the central city-type urban regeneration New Deal project by city size
were suggested. In the case of a metropolitan city, physical environment such as
improvement of commercial environment by using abandoned houses
according to preference analysis results to form local business base
facilities, improving parking environments using existing parking lots or
vacant sites, and improving pedestrian paths and old buildings Projects that
focus on improvement should be implemented. In the case of large cities, Idle spaces that can be remodeled in
connection with physical environment improvement such as maintenance of
parking lots for the convenience of influx tourists and pedestrian paths for
a safe pedestrian environment, and the use of vacant spaces and vacant
stores are used to expand business start-up support spaces, etc. Projects
that focus on improving the socio-economic environment of the country
should be implemented. In the case of small and medium-sized cities, the creation of a start-up
support center that provides a space for start-up and economic activity, a
re-employment support program that fosters self-leadership as a change
agent, and the creation of a local specialized industrial support facility to
revitalize the local specialized industry in a declining area Projects that
focus on economic environment improvement should be implemented. As described above, the study was conducted on the new deal project
for urban regeneration in the central city by dividing by city size. was
analyzed. Based on this, it will be possible to improve the city's
competitiveness by suggesting improvement plans for the urban
regeneration New Deal project to be carried out in the future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ···························································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ····································································· 1
• 2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ····································································· 3
• 1) 연구의 범위 ·····························································································3
• 2) 연구의 방법 ·····························································································3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ·············································································· 5
• 1. 용어의 정의 ····················································································· 5
• 1) 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 개념 ···································································5
• 2) 도시정책의 흐름 ·····················································································6
• 3) 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 유형 ···································································8
• 4) 도시재생 혁신지구 ···············································································13
• 5) 도시재생 인정사업 ···············································································13
• 6) 거점 연계 뉴딜사업(총괄사업관리자 방식) ·····································14
• 2. 선행연구 고찰 ··············································································· 15
• 1) 선행연구 검토 ·······················································································15
• 2) 연구주제의 차별성 ···············································································19
• Ⅲ. 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 추진현황 ················ 20
• 1. 도시재생 뉴딜사업 추진현황 ····················································· 20
• 1) 유형별 도시재생 뉴딜사업 추진현황 ···············································20
• 2) 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업 추진현황 ···································21
• 2. 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 추진현황 22
• 1) 도시 규모 구분 ·····················································································22
• 2) 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업 현황 ···················26
• 3. 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업 대상지 현황 ····················· 28
• 1) 대상지 선정 ···························································································28
• 2) A 사업지구(부산시) ··············································································28
• 3) B 사업지구(창원시) ··············································································35
• 4) C 사업지구(거제시) ··············································································41
• Ⅳ. 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 분석 ························ 47
• 1. A 사업지구 설문 조사 및 분석 ················································· 47
• 1) 설문 조사개요 ·······················································································47
• 2) 응답자 특성 및 빈도분석 ···································································48
• 3) 사업 우선순위에 관한 사항 ·······························································49
• 4) 범주형 회귀분석(CATREG) ·································································50
• 2. B 사업지구 설문 조사 및 분석 ················································· 54
• 1) 설문 조사개요 ·······················································································54
• 2) 응답자 특성 및 빈도 ···········································································54
• 3) 사업 우선순위에 관한 사항 ·······························································55
• 4) 사업 우선순위 빈도분석 ·····································································57
• 3. C 사업지구 설문 조사 및 분석 ················································· 58
• 1) 설문 조사개요 ·······················································································58
• 2) 응답자 특성 및 빈도 ···········································································58
• 3) 사업 우선순위에 관한 사항 ·······························································59
• 4) 회귀분석(Regression) ············································································60
• Ⅳ. 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 특성 ······ 62
• 1. 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 특성 ······· 62
• 1) 사업 우선순위에 대한 분석결과 ·······················································62
• 2) 주민과 상인의 선호사업 선택이유 ···················································64
• 3) 도시 규모별 특성 ·················································································65
• 2. 도시 규모별 중심시가지형 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 개선방안 67
• 1) 광역시 규모 중심시가지 개선방안 ···················································67
• 2) 대도시 규모 중심시가지 개선방안 ···················································69
• 3) 도중소도시 규모 중심시가지 개선방안 ···········································71
• Ⅵ. 결론 ·························································································· 73
• □ 참고문헌
• □ Abstract
• □ 감사의 글
• □ 부록