베트남 파병과 주한미군 재조정 정책의 변화 = The Dispatch of ROK Troops to Vietnam and Changes in the USFK Readjustment Policy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship and interaction between the deployment of Republic of Korea Forces in Vietnam (ROKFV) and the United States Forces Korea (USFK) readjustment policy. At the beginning of his administration, President Park Chung-hee proposed to the U.S the dispatch of Korean troops to Vietnam as a breakthrough in achieving national development, but he had been gradually forced to respond to the even more urgent demand to block the withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Korea. The U.S. had continuously discussed the issue of readjustment of the USFK in the light of concerns about its “over-commitment” to defend South Korea, but the U.S. suspended the implementation of the anticipated USFK reduction plan when the ROK dispatched military forces to Vietnam. However, from the late Johnson administration through the early Nixon administration, in conjunction with its withdrawal from Vietnam, the U.S. began to review the readjustment plan of its forces in Southeast Asia including that of the USFK. In fact, one of two remaining U.S. army divisions was removed from South Korea. On one hand, South Korea attempted to maximize U.S. economic and military support, while blocking the withdrawal of U.S. troops. On the other hand, the U.S. blocked South Korea's intention to link the ROKFV with the USFK, while exerting pressure on South Korea for the maintenance of the ROK forces in Vietnam via with a possible additional withdrawal of U.S. troops in Korea.
Although both South Korea and the U.S. recognized that the ROKFV and the USFK were closely related, but they found themselves in opposition to pursuing their strategic interests. South Korea regarded the USFK as a key indicator of security as well as economic and military support, and therefore tried to keep away from discussions on the withdrawal of the USFK, bargaining with the U.S. in return for the continued presence of the Korean troops in Vietnam. But the U.S. reduced the size of the USFK in accordance with its strategy in Southeast Asia, while taking advantage of the presence of the ROKFV. Since then, President Park had begun to pursue self-defense and institutionalization of military-security cooperation, while seeking greater autonomy in its alliance with the U.S.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 조진구, "한미관계의 맥락에서 본 한국군의 베트남전 철수" 국방부군사편찬연구소 (60) : 205-252, 2006

2 최용호, "한권으로 읽는 베트남 전쟁과 한국군" 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2004

3 최동주, "한국의 베트남전쟁 참전 동기에 대한 재고찰" 한국정치학회 30 (30): 1996

4 정수용, "한국의 베트남전 파병과 한·미 동맹체제의 변화" 고려대학교 대학원 2001

5 Engel, Benjamin A, "한국군의 베트남전 철수 과정과 한미관계" 서울대학교 2014

6 이정우 ; 정재흥, "한국군 베트남 파병의 과정과 평가" 사회과학연구원 부설 동북아연구소 29 (29): 69-94, 2014

7 마상윤, "한국군 베트남 파병결정과 국회의 역할" 국제학연구소 22 (22): 59-87, 2013

8 전사편찬위원회, "파월한국군전사 제10권" 국방부 1985

9 국방부 군사편찬연구소, "통계로 본 베트남전쟁과 한국군" 국방부 2007

10 차상철, "케네디-존슨과 박정희 그리고 1960년대의 한미동맹" 국방부군사편찬연구소 (58) : 1-30, 2006

11 "주월한국군철수, 1972, 전2권(V.1. 1-7월)"

12 이신재, "주월한국군의 철군과정과 한국정부의 대응" 육군군사연구소 (145) : 263-291, 2018

13 외교부, "주월남 한국군 철수, 1969"

14 정일권, "정일권 회고록" 고려서적 1996

15 대통령 기록관, "월남평화협상에 대한 한국의 참여문제(1968. 5. 10)(EA0002561)"

16 KBS 역사스페셜, "월남파병, 박정희의 승부수"

17 "월남 외상과의 면담(1969. 6. 12.) (EA0002707)"

18 나웅하, "양면게임 이론에 입각한 파병 정책 결정 연구- 이라크 파병 협상의 윈셋(win-set) 변화를 중심으로 -" 화랑대연구소 70 (70): 29-49, 2014

19 이세호, "별책 서한문집" 대양미디어 2009

20 박태균, "베트남전쟁 시기 한미관계의 변화" 국방부군사편찬연구소 (89) : 331-361, 2013

21 이미숙, "베트남 전쟁시 한국군의 철수결정과정" 국방부군사편찬연구소 (45) : 107-142, 2002

22 차상철, "박정희와 1970년대의 한미동맹" 국방부군사편찬연구소 (75) : 331-356, 2010

23 대통령 비서실, "박정희 대통령 연설문 제4집" 대통령 비서실 1979

24 조진구, "미국의 베트남 개입 확대와 한국군의 베트남 파병, 1963~1965" 한국국방연구원 22 (22): 127-156, 2006

25 유인석, "닉슨 행정부의 주한미군 철수정책 : 안정자 역할과 부분감축" 서울대학교 대학원 2006

26 김정렬, "김정렬 회고록" 을유문화사 1993

27 국방부, "국방사 2" 국방부 1992

28 박정희, "국가와 혁명과 나" 상문사 1967

29 "U.S. Department of State FRUS 1961-1963, Vol. XXII"

30 Kim, Byung-Kook, "The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea" Harvard University Press 2011

31 Han, Sung-Joo, "South Korea's Participation in the Vietnam Conflict" 21 (21): 1978

32 정성철, "More Unstable Internally, More Reliable Externally: South Korea’s Participation in the Vietnam War" 한국국제정치학회 14 (14): 31-52, 2016

33 National Archives and Record Administrations, College Park, "Maryland Record Group 59: Record of the Department of State Nixon Presidential Materials CD 801-A, Nixon, Holdeman, Rogers Subject: Korean Peninsula, US Troop Reduction in Korea"

34 "Library of Congress Declassified Documents Reference System(DDRS)"

35 "L.B.J Library National Security Archive"

36 "Interview: Donnvan Picard(State Department INR Officer, 1971-1973)"

37 "FRUS 1969-1976, Vol. XIX"

38 "FRUS 1964-1968, Vol. XXIX"

39 Elman, Colin, "Bridges and Boundaries" MIT Press 2001

40 전재성, "1965년 한일국교정상화와 베트남 파병을 둘러싼 미국의 대한(對韓)외교정책" 한국정치외교사학회 26 (26): 63-90, 2004

41 한국정신문화연구원, "1960년대의 대외관계와 남북문제" 백산서당 1999