Atopic dermatitis, a chronic allergic skin disease, is a result of the intricate interplay between disrupted skin barrier function and immunological irregularities. While previous research has mainly focused on the DC-Th2 axis to investigate the patho...
Atopic dermatitis, a chronic allergic skin disease, is a result of the intricate interplay between disrupted skin barrier function and immunological irregularities. While previous research has mainly focused on the DC-Th2 axis to investigate the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, recent studies have unveiled the potential pathogenic involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, a newly recognized class of immune cells residing in various tissues, produce a range of cytokines in response to immune stimuli. Although ILCs are primarily regulated by alarmins such as IL-33, there is emerging evidence indicating that immune checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions also modulate ILC function. Therefore, exploring the role of immune checkpoint-related molecules in ILCs is crucial for comprehending the pathogenesis and exploring new treatment approaches. In this study, I established two mouse models of atopic dermatitis using MC903 and house dust mite (HDM) ointment to investigate changes and the roles of ILCs in atopic dermatitis. Within atopic dermatitis lesions, the number of ILCs increased and the function of the cells enhanced, concomitant with a significant upregulation of GITR expression. Consistent with prior research, GITR serves as a co-stimulatory molecule, and there was a positive correlation between the level of GITR expression and the production of IL-5 and IL-13 by ILCs. Furthermore, GITR expression was positively correlated with disease severity indicators in atopic dermatitis, such as epidermal thickness and mast cell counts. GITRL, the specific ligand of GITR, was also found to be increased within atopic dermatitis lesions. To further investigate the specific cell type interacting with GITR+ ILCs, GITRL+ cells from skin tissue were analyzed using flow cytometry. Notably, GITRL was predominantly expressed on keratinocytes, and the interaction between GITR and GITRL stimulated the effector functions of ILCs. Blocking GITR- GITRL interaction with an anti-GITRL antibody attenuated the progression of atopic dermatitis, confirming the vital role of GITR in activating ILCs within the skin of atopic dermatitis. This study suggests that ILCs express higher levels of GITR in atopic dermatitis, and their interaction with GITRL+ keratinocytes activates ILCs, exacerbating atopic dermatitis. In summary, the interaction between GITR+ ILCs and GITRL+ keratinocytes leads to ILC activation and the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of ILCs in atopic dermatitis and may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Keywords: Innate lymphoid cell, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), Immune checkpoint receptor, Atopic dermatitis Student Number: 2022-21396