韓末 西歐文物의 受容과 獨逸人 - P. G. von Moellendorff · Antoinette Sontag · Emma Kroebel - = The Acceptance of Western Culture and the Germans in the Period of the End of Chosun Dynasty - P. G. von Moellendorff · Antoinette Sontag · Emma Kroebel -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

From the end of 19th century to early of 20th century, the Germans (P. G. von Moellendorff․Antoinette Sontag․Emma Kroebel) traces as culture forwarders in Korea had a significant impact from the introduction of Western culture like the architecture, dress and cuisine ranging to the whole society. They also strived to keep independence with the extreme assistance in various ways among other powers of the whole crowd like China, Russia, Japan and the State even though Moellendorff and Emma Kroebel did activities in Korea via China as well as Miss. Sontag's activities by the recommendation of Weber. In addition, their records was not only our self-portrait to see the those days' Korean society but also a very precious materials as valuable as it could inform Korea to the European Society.
P. G. von Moellendorff was the man to implant ‘German software’ to institutional aspects (legal, political, diplomatic, economic) as Ko-jong's diplomatic advisor in the complex situation of East Asia surrounding Korea. Although his modern reform in Korea was frustrated by the different conflict of interest of surrounding Powers, his job to be done in most adverse conditions comparing to China and Japan should not be overlooked. His frustration was due to consequent lack of awareness against East Asia and the open door of Chosun rather than their lack of recognition ability.
Miss. Sontag was an important women to introduce Western culture and tradition to be unfamiliar until then in the royal family of Chosun as a ceremonial representative. She also took some role in fleeing king Ko-jong to the Russian legation after Eulmi affairs, between affective statesman of the Jung-dong Club and diplomatic legation in Russia. Sontag Hotel was built in Seoul, Korea as the pioneer of the modern western-style hotel as being first and it was lovely used by foreign guests and western diplomats for the purpose of a very enjoyable resting place.
Emma Kroebel on behalf of Miss. Sontag performed ceremonial role of the imperial faithfully before and after the conclusion of Eulsaneukyak about king Ko-jong's being deeply involved in attempts to exile to Qing-tao, China. A memoir to be left by her was a historical material to identify the image of Korea and several episodes that had happened deeply in the Empire from 1905 to 1906 as well as those days korean society situation.
In addition, ‘German software’ that had affected to not only in Korea but also China, Japan and other East Asian countries has an important meaning against the philosophy, law, literature, etc., as well as an area of study to the formation of the modern state system. Today, why Germany and the Germans that is not somehow strange and awkward presence feel in close and familiar with South Korea and the Korean people located in far East Asia? It's already more than 100 years ago, memory and heritage left by the Germans make possible it to be in friend in the land of Korea.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최종고, "한말의 서양인 법률고문제도" 32 : 1982

2 김순래, "한말 묄렌도르프의 외교·경제활동 연구" 동국대학교 교육대학원 1999

3 이태영, "한독수호통상조약의 성립, In 한독수교 100년사" 1984

4 최종고, "한독교섭사" 홍성사 1983

5 김호일, "한국개항 전후사" 한국방송사업단 189-, 1982

6 정상수, "일본의 한국 강제병합과 강대국들의 대응 1895~1910년" 한국서양사연구회 (42) : 109-148, 2010

7 이덕일, "이덕일의 古今通義: 커피 왕국"

8 최종고, "오늘의 한국에서 본 묄렌도르프, In 묄렌도르프와 21세기의 한국" 32-,

9 "연합뉴스"

10 김원모, "손탁孃의 親露反日運動, In 中齋張忠植博士華甲紀念論叢" 단국대학교출판부 1992

11 김원모, "손탁孃의 親露反日運動"

12 이배용, "서양인이 본 한국 근대사회" 28 : 107-109, 2001

13 김원모, "미스 손탁과 손탁호텔"

14 김원모, "미스 손탁과 손탁호텔" 56 : 1996

15 Mutel, "뮈텔주교 일기"

16 Gustave-Charles-Marie Mutel, "뮈텔주교 일기" 한국교회사연구소 1986

17 김진각, "묄렌도르프의 조선문명개화론" 46 : 1989

18 김재관, "묄렌도르프와 한국의 공업화, In 묄렌도르프" 266-,

19 최종고, "묄렌도르프와 한국법 (Ⅰ) - 한국 법문화의 초기접촉으로서" (창간) : 1979

20 주한독일문화원, "묄렌도르프와 21세기의 한국" 주한독일문화원 2001

21 김지영, "묄렌도르프에 대한 재평가 : 외교·경제활동을 중심으로" 동국대학교 교육대학원 2003

22 노계현, "묄렌도르프가 한국외교에 끼친 영향" 1 : 1982

23 김재관, "묄렌도르프: 묄렌도르프를 통해서 본 구한말 한국사회상" 현암사 1984

24 최종고, "묄렌도르프(Paul G. von Moellendorff) (上)" (53) : 1980

25 발터 라이퍼, "묄렌도르프(P. G. von Moellendorff)" 정민사 1983

26 묄렌도르프, "묄렌도르프 自傳(外)" 집문당 1999

27 고병익, "목인덕의 수기" 24 : 1963

28 "매일경제"

29 "동아일보"

30 O. N. 데니, "데니 文書, 묄렌도르프 文書" 평민사 1987

31 "대한매일신보"

32 김운용, "꼬레아 꼬레아니" 서울시립대학교부설서울학연구소 99-, 1996

33 최종고, "구한말의 한독관계 - 정치적, 문화적 측면 -, In 한독수교 100년사" 1984

34 리하르트 분쉬, "고종의 독일인 의사 분쉬" 학고재 1999

35 분쉬, "고종의 독일인 의사 분쉬"

36 정상수, "고종 통치비자금 250억 원 도이치은행에 예치돼 있다"

37 "경향신문"

38 김영수, "갑오농민군과 흥선대원군의 정치적 관계에 대한 연구" 17 (17): 144-184, 1997

39 "高宗實錄"

40 震檀學會, "韓國史 第5卷" 乙酉文化社 917-918, 1974

41 박재영, "舊韓末 독일인 Mollendorff의 朝鮮 認識" 한국동학학회 (21) : 64-100, 2006

42 "舊韓國外交文書"

43 李玟洙, "興宣大院君 內治의 再照明" 2 : 117-132, 1983

44 "漢城旬報"

45 菊池謙議, "朝鮮雜記 第2卷" 緖鳴社 98-105, 1931

46 小松綠, "明治史實 外交秘話" 中外商業新報社 377-382, 1927

47 "承政院日記"

48 "承政院日記"

49 金炳佑, "大院君의 政治的 地位와 國政運營" 대구사학회 70 : 33-70, 2003

50 小坂貞雄, "外人の 꽤たる 朝鮮外交秘話" 朝鮮外交秘話出版會 199-200, 1934

51 京城府, "京城府史 第1卷" 651-654, 1934

52 한스 알렉산더 크나이더, "‘조용한 아침의 나라’에 남겨진 독일의 흔적들: 1910년까지 정동 일대에서 활약한 독일인들의 약사, 정동 1900: 대한제국 세계와 만나다" 서울역사박물관 105-, 2011

53 Emma Kroebel, "Wie ich an den koreanischen Kaiserhof kam: Reise-Eindrücke und Erinnerungen" Berlin 1909

54 Lilias H. Underwood, "Underwood of Korea"

55 P. Lowell, Chosön, "The Land of the Morning Calm" Boston 165-, 1886

56 Rosalie von Moellendorff, "P. G. von Moellendorff - Ein Lebensbild" Leipzig 1930

57 "Nachruf auf Ernst Kroebel in der “Ostasiatischen Rundschau”"

58 Asien und Australien, "Lehrerhandbücher für den Erdkundeunterricht" Düsseldorf 221-, 1955

59 Horace N. Allen, "Korea: Fact and Fancy, Being A Republication of Two Books Entitled “Korean Tales” and “A Chronological Index”" Seoul 1904

60 Early U.S, "Korea Diplomatic Relations Willard Dickerman Straight from the Cornell University Division of Rare and Manuscript collection"

61 Bilder von Reise Seiner Koenigl, "Hoheit des Prinzen Heinrich von Preussen nach Chemulpo, Seoul und dem deutschen Bergwerk Tangkogae im Juni 1899" o. O. um 1990

62 Ernst J. Oppert, "Ein verschlossenes Land: Reisen nach Corea" Leipzig 1880

63 Max von Brandt, "Dreiunddreißig Jahre im Ostasien" Leipzig 236-, 1901

64 Seydlitz, "Afrika, Asien, Australien, Teil 3 Ostfeste" Hannover 137-, 1959

65 P. G. von Moellendorff, "A Reply to Mr. O. N. Denny's Pamplet entitled: China and Korea, In Paul Georg von Moellendorff - Ein Lebensbild" 125-136,

66 김세은, "1880년대 서양인의 조선인식, In 시대전환과 역사인식" 솔 610-611, 2001