DEA를 활용한 직업재활시설의 효율성 연구 = (A) study on the efficiency of vocational rehabilitation facilities using DEA(data envelopment analysis)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was designed to present efficient operational directions and the related tasks for vocational rehabilitation facilities via an analysis of their relative efficiency.
To that end, first analyzing the co-relationship among the variables and which affect the efficiency of vocational rehabilitation facilities; second, analyzing the factors which caused their relative inefficiencies; and third, present measures designed to transform them into efficient facilities.
In order to achieve the objectives of this study, first it was derived the efficiency factors by analyzing the operational status of the facilities. Then, it was analyzed the co-relationship among the factors and the efficiency of the facilities by using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method.
This study originally planned to survey a total of twenty-one facilities with certifications to produce goods to hire the people with disabilities to produce goods from among vocational rehabilitation facilities. Eighteen vocational rehabilitation facilities were surveyed - excluding three facilities whose data were uncertain - for efficiency assessment. The survey was limited to those facilities authorized to hire the people with disabilities to produce goods in order to control any differential factors which may have arisen from the type or environmental characteristics of the facilities.
The efficiency factors of the vocational rehabilitation facilities were divided into input and output factors. The input factors included three factors, namely the total input budget, the number of people with disabilities, and the total number of employees, while the output factors included six factors, namely the history of counseling or assessment, the placement given to or performance of employment, the performance of the rehabilitation programs, the number of the certification to produce goods, the average monthly wages of the people with disabilities, and total sales. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was utilized to analyze the relative efficiency of the vocational rehabilitation facilities. We used such analysis tools as FA (Frontier Analyst) and SPSS (for Window ver. 12.0).
The study outcome is summarized as follows:
First, our analysis of the co-relationship between the input and output variable factors revealed that there exists a close co-relationship between the numbers of total employees and the persons with disabilities and between the input budget and the monthly average wages of the people with disabilities. It was also revealed that those facilities that perform more counseling or assessment activities have more rehabilitation programs. The vocational rehabilitation facilities perform their business operations according to a series of vocational rehabilitation service systems. It was also observed that vocational rehabilitation facilities which achieve more sales pay higher wages to the people with disabilities. However, it was found that facilities which have more rehabilitation programs pay less monthly average wages to the persons with disabilities, indicating that there exists a negative co-relationship between the two factors. This may be interpreted to imply that the more money a vocational rehabilitation facility invests in its rehabilitation or training programs, the more its productivity declines.
Second, eleven out eighteen DMUs were classified as efficient vocational rehabilitation facilities through analysis of the efficiency of individual facilities. It was revealed that the common causes for their inefficiency were excessive input factors coupled with insufficient output factors. It was further revealed that DMU3 could become an efficient facility if the monthly average wage of its person with disability and its total sales were increased, while DMU6 could become efficient if the monthly average wage of its people with disability was increased or the number of its total employees reduced. It was further revealed that DMU9 and DMU10 could become efficient if they increased their counseling or assessment activities or their monthly average wage. It was revealed that DMU13 could become efficient if increased its counseling or assessment activities, monthly average wage and total sales, that DMU16 could become efficient if it increased its counseling or assessment activities and total sales, and that DMU17 could become efficient if it increased its services or programs for rehabilitation, and assistance to or employment of the people with disabilities.
Third, factors that affect the efficiency of the individual vocational rehabilitation facilities were analyzed by removing their input and output factors one after another. It was revealed that steady efficiency management is required since a great deviation exists in the overall levels of efficiency among the eight facilities depending on their efficiency factors, while only three out of the eleven efficient facilities were observed to be stable. In other words, it was analyzed that placement to or employment of the person with disability has the greatest impact on the efficiency of DMU1, while the number of persons with disabilities input budget and rehabilitation program performance, as well as the rehabilitation program performance affect the efficiency of DMU2, DMU4, and DMU7. It was further analyzed that input budget is the factor with the greatest impact on the efficiency of DMU12, while the number of people with disabilities rehabilitation program performance, number of certification to produce goods, and total sales have the greatest impact on the efficiency of DMU15. In the case of DMU18, it was found that the number of the people with disabilities and monthly average wages have the greatest impact on its efficiency. It appears that individual vocational rehabilitation facilities should devote more attention to making efforts to improve each of the individual factors. DMU5, 8, 11 saw no changes in its efficiency when all of its efficiency factors were removed. This can be interpreted to mean that DMU5, 8, 11’s efficiency is very stable and that it is well operated.
In conclusion, the variable factors that most affect the efficiency of vocational rehabilitation facilities are not their input budget or number of employees but their insufficient efforts and the lack understanding of their efficiency, though government support to them is rather limited. Therefore, the vocational rehabilitation facilities cannot achieve efficiency simply on the basis of government input or the number of employees. Indeed, they need to strive to enhance their efficiency or output factors with limited input factors.
Based on the above findings, some suggestions can be made as followings:
First, governmental financial support to the vocational rehabilitation facilities should be made differentially based on the individual assessment of their efficiency rather than on their types. It is crucial to improve the method of governmental financial support to vocational rehabilitation facilities as the workplace at an institution which employs the people with disabilities is much more efficient as it enjoys greater efficiency with an input budget that is less than half the amount of the governmental financial support given to businesses that employ persons with disabilities. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the government financial support system so that more incentives may be granted to those facilities whose efficiency is proven based on their rehabilitation service performance or output when considering their performance in the preceding year, and the efforts made to enhance rehabilitation programs, to assist or employ more the people with disabilities, and to improve product quality, as well as such factors as total sales and the monthly average wages of the people with disabilities.
Second, a flexible operation manual should be developed to allow autonomy to individual vocational rehabilitation facilities while minimizing services that are applied to all facilities in common though their characteristics and environment are different. In other words, sufficient autonomy should be granted to vocational rehabilitation facilities so that the maximum affirmative effects may be derived by setting the ratio of rehabilitation programs and production activities according to the characteristics of individual facilities and the status of their handicapped workers.
Third, generalization of the current efficiency analysis to the entirety of vocational rehabilitation facilities should be limited, as only a limited number of facilities were surveyed using input and output factors of limited availability. An analysis was further limited in that this study and was performed without categorizing vocational rehabilitation facilities based on their types. A more objective and extensive study should be made to allow extrapolation of the above efficiency findings to the entire vocational rehabilitation facilities through an analysis which uses more vocational rehabilitation facilities as population and more input and output factors than those used in this study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 3
• 3. 용어의 정의 4
• 4. 연구의 제한점 5
• Ⅱ. 효율성 및 자료포락분석 고찰 6
• 1. 효율성 측정 6
• 1) 효율성 측정 방법 6
• 2) 효율성 요인 13
• 2. 자료포락분석 모형 17
• 1) 자료포락분석의 특성 17
• 2) 자료포락분석의 모형 22
• Ⅲ. 직업재활시설 효율성 분석 33
• 1. 각 국의 직업재활시설 운영 현황 33
• 1) 미국 33
• 2) 일본 35
• 3) 한국 36
• 2. 직업재활시설 효율성 분석 43
• 1) 직업재활시설 효율성 분석방법 43
• 2) 직업재활시설 효율성 분석 지표 구성 48
• 3) 직업재활시설 효율성 분석 선행연구 고찰 51
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 54
• 1. 연구분석의 틀 54
• 2. 변수의 선정 55
• 1) 변수선정시 유의점 55
• 2) 직업재활시설 효율성 분석을 위한 변수선정 56
• 3. 연구대상 59
• 4. 연구도구 61
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 62
• 1. 기술통계량 62
• 2. 투입 및 산출변수간의 상관관계 65
• 3. 자료포락분석에 의한 상대적 효율성 분석 67
• 1) 자료포락분석에 의한 기술효율성 67
• 2) 자료포락분석에 의한 비효율적 의사결정단위의 결과분석 69
• 3) 투입 및 산출변수에 따른 Frontier plot 74
• 4) 투입 및 산출변수 제거에 따른 효율성 분석 78
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 82
• 1. 결론 82
• 2. 제언 85
• 참고문헌 88
• Abstract 94