集安 출토 高句麗 捲雲文 瓦當의 편년 재론 = Review on the Chronology of the Goguryeo Cloud-pattern Roof-end Tiles of Jian

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The cloud-pattern roof-end tiles of Goguryeo excavated in Jian were compared to those of China and Lelang Earthen Fortress, and attempts were made to trace their origins.
Using a new method of deciphering the scripts found on the roof-end tiles, their chronology was established. Based on this, the chronology of the gigantic stone mound tombs which have yielded such roof-end tiles was also established.
The “Tai-Ning Year Four (太寧四年)” roof-end tile, an early type of the Goguryeo cloud-pattern roof-end tile, excavated from Renmin Yuchi of Guonei Castle appears to have originated from the roof-end tiles of Western Jin of China and Lelang Earthen Fortress; in particular, a direct link can be made to the cloud-pattern roof-end tile of Lelang Earthen Fortress.
The consummate type of the cloud-pattern roof-end tile is decorated with uninterrupted arch motifs and script. By examining the GanJi (干支) script of the roof-end tiles excavated from the Second Elementary School and another site in Guonei Castle, this type can be dated to the latter part of the 4th century with the exception of the roof-end tile from Yushan Tomb No. 3319, which is approximately 60 years later than previously believed.
This chronology was verified through comparisons between the horse helmets of Hou- Zhao, Qian-Qin, Qian-Yan with the example from Yushan Tomb No. 992.
If the cloud-pattern roof-end tile decorated with uninterrupted arch motifs and script was used when the stone mound tomb was constructed, gigantic stone mound tombs such as Xida Tomb and Yushan Tomb No. 992 should be dated to the latter part of the 4th century.
The latest type of cloud-pattern roof-end tile, from Qianqiu Tomb, can be dated to the early 5th century based on an examination of the chronology of the roof-end tile and the “Yeongrak (永樂)” script tile.
Many questions surround the chronology of gigantic stone mound tombs, such as the relative chronology and thes identity of the deceased buried in Qianqiu Tomb, Taiwang Tomb, and Jiangjun Tomb, and the relation between cloud-pattern roof-end tiles and uninterrupted arch-pattern roof-end tiles, the issue of repairing ancestral tombs, and the prejudice that a gigantic stone mound tomb must be the tomb of a king.

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