한국 청소년들의 신체조성 및 체력발달경향에 관한 연구 = (A) Study on Body Composition and Physical Fitness Development Trend of Korean Youth

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to analyze body composition and physical fitness development trend of Korean youth. The subjects were 1,237 Korean youth, 623 male(323 middle school students, 300 high school students) and 614 female(313 middle school students, 301 high school students), from the first grade of the middle school to the third grade of the high school.
Body composition was measured by InBody 2.0 of a segmental multifrequency impedance analyzer. The measured items were total body water, fat mass, fat free mass, ％body fat, waist hip ratio, body mass index and basal metabolic rate. Physical fitness was measured by the same method. The measured items were strength(left/right grip strength, back strength), balance(stork stand), speed(50m dash), power(stand long jump), muscular endurance(sit-up), flexibility(sit and reach), agility(whole body reaction test), and cardiovascular endurance(1,200m, 1,600m run).
The data were analyzed with independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, trend analysis and factor analysis using SPSS Version 10.0 and MINITAB.
The results were as follows:
1. Depending on the development stage of students, body composition of male subjects had significant differences in total body water, fat free mass, ％body fat, waist hip ratio, body mass index and basal metabolic rate except fat mass, and that of female subjects had significant differences in total body water, fat mass, fat free mass, ％body fat, body mass index and basal metabolic rate except waist hip ratio.
2. Depending on the development stage of students, physical fitness of youths was statistically significant in strength, muscular endurance, agility, balance, power, speed, flexibility and cardiovascular endurance both in male and female.
3. As students become older, strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, speed, cardiovascular endurance and balance of physical fitness factors tended to be enhanced in male subjects, and strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance and agility tended to bo enhanced in female subjects.
4. The factorial structure of physical fitness appeared differently by the development stage both in male and female.
When the components of factorial structure of physical fitness were divided by development stage, these two results were found in male subjects.
First, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in middle school students were strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility in the first grade, strength, speed and balance in the second grade, and strength, cardiovascular endurance and agility in the third grade.
Second, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in high school students were strength, cardiovascular endurance and balance in the first grade, strength, power and flexibility in the second grade and strength, cardiovascular endurance, agility and flexibility in the third grade.
In female subjects, these two results were found.
First, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in middle school students were strength, cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance in the first grade, speed, strength, flexibility and agility in the second grade and power, strength and agility in the third grade.
Second, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in high school students were strength, cardiovascular endurance, muscular and agility in the first grade, strength, power and agility in the second grade and strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility in the third grade.
5.Depending on the development stage, body composition of male subjects was dramatically higher in total body water, fat free mass, waist hip ratio and body mass index and that of female subjects was significantly higher in fat mass and ％body fat, however, body mass index had no significant difference in female subjects.
6.Depending on the development stage, physical fitness of male subjects was significantly greater in strength, muscular endurance, power, agility, speed and balance, and the only flexibility was greater in female subjects and there was statistically significant.
7. The factorial structure of physical fitness appeared differently by the development stage of male and female.
When the compos of factorial structure of physical fitness were compared male with female by the development stage, these results were found in middle school student.
First, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the first grade were strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility in male,andstrength, cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance in female.
Second, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the second grade were strength, speed and balance in male, and speed, strength, flexibility and agility in female.
Third, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the third grade were strength, cardiovascular endurance and agility in male, and power, strength and agility in female.
These results were found in high school students.
First, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the first grade were strength, cardiovascular endurance and balance in male, and strength, cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance and agility in female.
Second, the components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the second grade were strength, power and flexibility in male, and strength, power and agility in female.
Third, The components of factorial structure of physical fitness in the third grade were strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility and agility in male, and strength, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility in female.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 5
• 3. 연구의 가설 = 6
• 4. 연구의 제한점 = 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 8
• 1. 신체조성 = 8
• 2. 신체조성의 측정방법 = 9
• 1) 수중체중 측정법 = 10
• 2) 인체 계측법 = 10
• 3. 체력의 정의 = 18
• 4. 체력의 구성요인 = 21
• 5. 선행연구 = 23
• 1) 국외연구 = 23
• 2) 국내연구 = 25
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 28
• 1. 연구대상 = 28
• 2. 측정도구 = 30
• 3. 측정내용 및 방법 = 31
• 1) 형태 측정 = 32
• 2) 신체조성 측정 = 33
• 3) 체력 측정 = 33
• 4. 연구절차 = 37
• 5. 자료처리방법 = 38
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 = 39
• 1. 남학생들의 발달단계별 신체조성 = 39
• 1) 발달단계별 신체조성의 측정결과 = 39
• 2) 발달단계별 신체조성의 일원분산분석 = 41
• 2. 여학생들의 발달단계별 신체조성 = 48
• 1) 발달단계별 신체조성의 측정결과 = 48
• 2) 발달단계별 신체조성의 일원분산분석 = 49
• 3. 남학생들의 발달단계별 체력 = 55
• 1) 발달단계별 체력의 측정결과 = 55
• 2) 발달단계별 체력의 일원분산분석 = 57
• 4. 여학생들의 발달단계별 체력 = 67
• 1) 발달단계별 체력의 측정결과 = 67
• 2) 발달단계별 체력의 일원분산분석 = 69
• 5. 남·여 학생들의 체력요인별 발달경향 = 78
• 1) 체력요인별 발달경향 = 78
• 6. 남학생들의 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 99
• 1) 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 99
• 7. 여학생들의 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 113
• 1) 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 114
• 8. 남·여간 발달단계별 신체조성 = 127
• 1) 발달단계별 신체조성의 측정결과 = 128
• 9. 남·여간 발달단계별 체력 = 136
• 1) 발달단계별 체력의 측정결과 = 136
• 10. 남·여간 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 146
• 1) 발달단계별 체력 요인구조 = 146
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 149
• 참고문헌 = 152
• 감사의 글