Background: Temperature-controlled cryotherapy (TC) is an emerging modality that allows for the standardized application of sublethal cooling, but its effects on the biophysical properties of healthy skin are insufficiently characterized. A comprehens...
Background: Temperature-controlled cryotherapy (TC) is an emerging modality that allows for the standardized application of sublethal cooling, but its effects on the biophysical properties of healthy skin are insufficiently characterized. A comprehensive understanding of these changes is essential for developing mechanism-informed therapeutic protocols.
Objective: To evaluate the changes in the biophysical properties of healthy human skin following a single session of TC with varying cooling parameters.
Methods: In this prospective, within-subject controlled study, 20 healthy volunteers received a single session of TC on the abdomen. Nine protocols were applied on each subject, combining three target temperature (0, -3, and -5°C) and three time-at-target (TAT) durations (1, 2, and 4 seconds). Erythema index (EI), melanin index (MI), gross elasticity (R2), and skin pH were measured using noninvasive devices at baseline, 72 hours, 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-treatment.
Results: EI showed a significant increase in the -3°C and -5°C groups throughout the 4-week follow-up period (p < .01). MI exhibited a delayed increase, with significantly higher values observed in the -3°C and -5°C groups versus 0°C, and in the 2-second and 4-second groups versus 1-second (p < .01). R2 demonstrated a modest time-dependent improvement, reaching statistical significance in the 0°C and -3°C groups (both p < .05). Skin pH decreased in a parameter-dependent manner, remaining significantly lower in the -3°C and -5°C groups relative to 0°C, and in the 2-second and 4-second groups relative to 1-second (p < .05). No serious adverse events were observed.
Conclusion: A single session of TC at sublethal temperatures induces parameter-dependent changes in the biophysical properties of healthy skin. These findings provide an objective baseline for the safe and effective clinical application of TC in dermatology and aesthetic medicine.