敬天寺十層石塔의 綜合的 硏究 = (A) Study of ten storied pagoda of geyongcheonsa

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ten-storied stone pagoda of Gyeondchenosa was erected in 1348 wishing peace and luck of Yuan dyanasty. The unique form and the sculpturing on the body has been drawing attention of many.
The pagoda was taken to Japan in early 1900s but later returned. The damage made then was restored in 1960, but due to heavy weathering and contamination it was once again taken apart in 1995. While carefully examining the pagoda a possibility that the pagoda may have been built by a craftsman from the Yuan period was found.
The tiered base of ten storied pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa is three-stories high, facing outwards in four directions(四面突出形). The shape of the tired base has its origin from the ancient Chinese stylobate-formed architecture, similar to the form found in tiered base of the Lamaist Dagoba(喇?塔). The close similarities of the plane surface between the Lamaist Dagoba(喇?塔) and pagoda of Gyeondcheonsa suggests its influence from China.
The body is ten stories, influenced by the Buddhism's Avatamsaka(華嚴), where 'ten' symbolizes completeness and perfection. The base of the pagoda, the first body(1-3 floor) and the second body(4-10 floor) is in ratio of 1:2:3 adding to the sense of stability.
On the tiered base, a dragon and a lion is sculpted on the bottom base. On the second base a story of a Xuanzang monk(玄裝法師) from Xiyouji novel(西遊記) of Ming period is sculptured and finally on the third base stories in connection with monks are shown. These image of Buddhism carving shown on the body of the pagoda is a total of 16 scenes, where carving such as 'three Buddhas of past, present and future' shows its influence in Buddhist painting of Joseon period and also is later set as an guideline of image.
The most upper part of the pagoda(相輪部) after restoration is quite different from its original form found in the photo of 1902. It is believed that when it was first erected it had a cross-styled roof similar to the Ten storied pagoda of Wongaksagi(圓覺寺址十層石塔). The cross-styled roof is rarely seen in Korea but in China it has been popular during the Song period and throughout Ming and Qing period. This suggests that the cross-style roof has been influenced by China.
As examined so far, the form of the tiered base and the cross-style roof shows influence from China while the style of the sculpturing and decoration shows features from Goryeo. Therefore, it is assumed that craftsman from Yuan dynasty took part in designing of the pagoda while actually erected by craftsman from Goryeo. The eaves of the roofs appear to have been influenced by the wooden architecture of the period which make them an important object of study of architecture of the time.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• Ⅰ. 머리말 = 1
• Ⅱ. 敬天寺十層石塔의 造成背景 = 3
• 1. 時代的 背景 = 3
• 2. 資料를 통해 알아본 石塔建立의 造成背景 = 6
• Ⅲ. 敬天寺十層石塔의 形式 = 17
• 1. 構造的 特徵 = 17
• 2. 彫刻 特徵 = 31
• 3. 細部意匠에 나타난 特徵 = 60
• Ⅳ. 敬天寺十層石塔의 조성당시 原形과 變遷 = 76
• 1. 경천사십층석탑의 조형변천 = 76
• 2. 경천사십층석탑의 조성당시 원형 = 81
• Ⅴ. 경천사십층석탑의 양식적 특징 = 92
• 1. 造形 樣式 = 92
• 2. 彫刻樣式 = 94
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 = 99
• 參考文獻 = 101
• 表 目錄 = 107
• 圖版目錄 = 108
• 그림 目錄 = 112
• <圖版> = 113
• Abstract = 137