赤潮生物 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 生理生態 및 驅除에 關한 硏究 = Ecophysiological study on the red tide organism, cochlodinium polykrikoides, and its control in the aquaculture farm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was carried out to ellucidate ecophysiological characteristics of red tide organism, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, through culture experiment depending on the condition of temperature, photon irradiance and untrient, and to investigate effective methods for its control since bloom of C. polykrikoides in the south and east coastal area of Korea gives considerable economic damage to the fisherman and culturist.
Effective culture conditions for the multiplication of harmful red tide organism were 22∼24℃, 100∼140 μEm^(-2)s^(-1) and 25∼33‰. Minimal addition of vitamin B_(12) and soil extracts to the culture medium was also effective for the multiplication of C. polykrikoides. When C. polykrikoides was in a growth stage, it uptook ammonium-nitrogen preferentially to nitrate-nitrogen. Therefore, C. polykrikoides bloom would be able to be expanded and related with the increased ammonium concentration in the coastal waters polluted with sewage or waste water.
Oxygen consumption of C. polykrikoides was high with a value of 1.12 ㎖/ℓ/hr in the dark compared with that of 0.13 ㎖/ℓ/hr at 100 μEm^(-2)s^(-1), and DO values in a circular chamber with the lapse of time in seawater containing C. polykrikoides were declined in the dark period. DO values of seawater containing C. polykrikoides in the dark were declined from 7.01 ㎖/ℓ to 2.65 ㎖/ℓ in 30cm depth and from 7.01 ㎖/ℓ to 6.63 ㎖/ℓ in 5cm depth depending on the depth of circular culture vessel.
Forty-two taxa of phytoplankton communities, consisting of twenty-six diatoms and sixteen flagellates, were identified in the coastal waters of Janggi and Younghae, Kyungbuk province in Korea. The dominant phytoplankton species in the order of frequency were Rhizosolenia alata, Lauderia anulata, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Nitzschia pungens in the coastal waters of Janggi before the occurrence of C. polykrikoides bloom, whereas they were Rhizo. alata and Nit. pungens after the extinction of the red tide. Indices of relative diversity(homogeneity) in the phytoplankton community of Janggi and Younghae showed 0.73, 0.43 in early September and 0.27, 0.56 in early October, respectively. The difference in the relative diversity index of phytoplankton community between Janggi and Younghae can be partly ascribed to C. polykrikoides bloom, which was caused by the consumption of nitrogenous nutrients and phosphate before or after red tide occurrence.
The experiment of extermination of C. polykrikoides using α-mannosidase, clay and the chemical compounds was carried out to prevent cultured flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to the seawater containing C. polykrikoides bloom from mass mortality. Talc and illite among clay minerals showed a rapid sinking effect on the beginning of sedimentation of C. polykrikoides. Experimental group treated with α-mannosidase over 20 ppm showed a excellent control effect on the population of C. polykrikoides. When the flounder were exposed to C. polykrikoides seawater containing three chemicals such as chlorine dioxide (3%), hydrogen peroxide (28%) and formalin (33%) for 5 days, the concentration of chlorine dioxide over 3 ㎖/ℓ have influenced on the survival of flounder without destructive effect on the red tide organism, wherease effective extermination of C. polykrikoides at the treatment over 1.65 ㎖/ℓby formalin and 28 ㎖/ℓ by hydrogen peroxide was aquired without influence on the flounder survival.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• 表目次(List of Tables) = iv
• 그림目次 (List of Figures) = v
• 英文要約 = xi
• 序論 = 1
• 第1章 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 生理生態 = 3
• 第1節 序言 = 3
• 第2節 材料 = 4
• 1. C. polykrikoides의 형태 = 4
• 2. C. polykrikoides의 분리 및 배양 = 4
• 第3節 實驗方法 = 8
• 1. 온도와 광량에 따른 증식 = 8
• 2. 염분농도에 따른 증식 = 8
• 3. 배지에 따른 증식 = 9
• 4. 대량배양 = 9
• 5. 염양염에 따른 증식 = 11
• 6. 광량에 따른 산소 소비량 = 11
• 7. 밀도에 따른 용존산소와 pH의 변화 = 12
• 8. 광주기에 따른 용존산소 변화 = 12
• 9. 배양용기의 수심에 따른 용존산소 변화 = 12
• 10. 본 실험종의 적조발생 전후의 식물플랑크톤 군집 변동 = 14
• 11. 본 실험종에 노출된 어류의 조직학적 변화 = 14
• 第4節 結果 = 15
• 1. 온도와 광량에 따른 증식 = 15
• 2. 염분농도에 따른 증식 = 33
• 3. 배지에 따른 증식 = 42
• 4. 대량배양 = 46
• 5. 염양염에 따른 증식 = 53
• 6. 광량에 따른 산소 소비량 = 58
• 7. 밀도에 따른 용존산소와 pH의 변화 = 64
• 8. 광주기에 따른 용존산소 변화 = 64
• 9. 배양용기의 수심에 따른 용존산소 변화 = 64
• 10. 본 실험종의 적조발생 전후의 식물플랑크톤 군집 변동 = 70
• 11. 본 실험종에 노출된 어류의 조직학적 변화 = 77
• 第5節 考察 = 83
• 第2章 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 驅除 = 90
• 第1節 序言 = 90
• 第2節 材料 및 方法 = 92
• 1. α-mannosidase에 의한 구제 효과 = 92
• 2. 점토에 의한 구제 효과 = 92
• 3. 화학처리제에 의한 구제 효과 = 93
• 1) 화학처리제에 의한 Cochlodinium의 구제 효과 = 93
• 2) 화학처리제에 대한 넙치의 생존율 = 93
• 第3節 結果 = 93
• 1. α-mannosidase에 의한 구제 효과 = 93
• 2. 점토에 의한 구제 효과 = 95
• 3. 화학처리제에 의한 구제 효과 = 95
• 1) 화학처리제에 의한 Cochlodinium의 구제 효과 = 95
• 2) 화학처리제에 대한 넙치의 생존율 = 100
• 第4節 考察 = 106
• 要約 = 109
• 謝辭 = 111
• 參考文獻 = 112