This study designs a positive self-talk improvement program based on the ADDIE model and verifies the effect of this program on academic self-efficacy and metacognition in lower elementary school students. To achieve this purpose, the following resear...
This study designs a positive self-talk improvement program based on the ADDIE model and verifies the effect of this program on academic self-efficacy and metacognition in lower elementary school students. To achieve this purpose, the following research questions were established.[Research Question 1] How can organize a positive self-talk improvement program for lower elementary school students?[Research Question 2] Does the positive self-talk improve the academic self-efficacy of lower elementary school students?[Research Question 3] Does the positive self-talk improve metacognition in lower elementary school students?In order to verify the above research problems, this study developed a positive self-talk improvement program through five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the ADDIE model. In the analysis stage, teaching goals were identified through the demand analysis, learners and learning situations were analyzed, and teaching analysis was conducted. In the design stage, performance objectives were stated and evaluation tools and session-specific teaching strategies were developed. To this end, prior research was analyzed and the activities of the existing program were revised and supplemented to complete. In the development stage, guidance plans, class PPTs, and activity web sites that can be used in the field were developed.
The positive self-talk improvement program developed in this way was implemented by selecting four second-grade students from S Elementary School in Gyeonggi-do as research participants. The study participants in the study participated in a total of 10 positive self-talk improvement programs for 5 weeks after the regular class, and the program lasted 50 minutes per session. In order to confirm changes in academic self-efficacy and metacognition of study participants, an in-depth interview was conducted through a semi-structured questionnaire related to academic self-efficacy a week before the program was implemented, and a task-performance metacognition test was conducted. After the last session of the program, in-depth interviews were conducted using the same questionnaire as at the pre-examination, and task-performance metacognitive tests were conducted.
In order to qualitatively analyze the change process of the study participants, data such as in-depth interview data, researcher observation, and program activity results were collected. Open coding was performed using Taguet, a qualitative data analysis program, and changes in academic self-efficacy and metacognition before and after the program were analyzed.
The results of this study are as follows. First, a positive self-talk improvement program for the lower grades of elementary school was developed based on the ADDIE model. The program was designed to understand the concept and effect of positive self-talk, learn self-talk that encourages itself through self-inspection training and cognitive reconstruction, and practice self-talk based on self-instruction training, and the program consists of a total of 10 sessions.Second, the positive self-talk improvement program had a positive effect on the academic self-efficacy of the study participants. As a result of categorizing and analyzing in-depth interview data on academic self-efficacy conducted before and after the program using Taguette, a qualitative data analysis program, it was confirmed that the sub-factors of academic self-efficacy improved confidence, self-regulation efficacy, and task difficulty.
Third, the positive self-talk improvement program had a positive effect on the meta-cognition of the research participants. As a result of analyzing changes in meta-cognition through observation of participants' performance results and reactions during the performance process through task-based meta-cognitive tests to memorize picture cards, the participants' improvements were confirmed.
This study is meaningful in that it has developed a positive self-talk improvement program for the lower grades of elementary school and confirmed positive changes in academic self-efficacy and metacognition. It is expected that the positive self-talk improvement program developed in this study will improve the academic self-efficacy and metacognition of the lower grades of elementary school.