용서상담 프로그램이 고등학생의 용서수준과 분노수준 및 공감능력에 미치는 효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 용서상담 프로그램이 고등학생의 용서수준과 분노수준 및 공감능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 고등학생을 대상으로 타인으로부터 부당하게 받은 상처를 용서상담 프로그램을 통해 치유하면 용서수준이 향상되고 분노수준이 완화되며 공감능력이 향상되는지 실험을 통해 알아보기 위한 것이다.
연구대상은 경기도 K시에 위치한 인문계 고등학교 1학년 한 한급을 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 하나를 실험집단 12명으로, 통제집단 12명으로 선정하여 2010년 8월 23일부터 2010년 9월 25일까지 5주간에 걸쳐 주2회 각 회기별 50분씩 10회기의 프로그램을 실시한 후 5주간의 관찰을 통해 용서수준과 분노수준 및 공감능력의 정도를 측정하였다. 연구 기간 동안 실험집단에는 용서상담 프로그램을 실시했고, 통제집단에는 아무런 처치도 하지 않았다. 용서상담 프로그램 전후로 해서 사전, 사후검사를 하여 연구 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 프로그램은 Enright(1991)의 용서과정모형을 토대로 김광수(1999)가 성인들을 대상으로 개발한 용서교육 프로그램과 이를 초등학생의 수준에 맞게 수정․보완한 하요상(2006)의 용서교육 프로그램을 고등학생의 용서수준과 분노수준 및 공감능력의 변화를 알아보기 위해 고등학생에게 적합하도록 재구성한 용서상담 프로그램이다.
측정도구는 용서는 박종효(2006)가 Enright의 용서심리검사 한국어판(EFI-K)을 수정한 용서심리검사, 분노는 Novaco(1994)가 제작한 것을 남궁희승(1997)이 번안한 분노검사, 공감은 Davis(1980)가 개발한 성인용 대인관계 반응척도를 김성은(1997)이 번안하여 수정한 공감능력검사를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 첫째, 실험집단과 통제집단이 동질집단인지를 검증하기 위하여 ‘용서’, ‘분노’, ‘공감’ 사전검사 결과를 이용하여 변량 분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 둘째, 본 연구의 실험처치 효과를 검증하기 위하여 ‘용서’, ‘분노’, ‘공감’ 각각의 사전검사 점수를 공변인으로 하여 사후점수에 대한 공변량 분석(ANCOVA)을 하였다.
연구결과는 다음과 같다. 용서상담 프로그램을 고등학교 1학년을 대상으로 실시하여 실험조치 후 실험집단과 통제집단의 용서수준에서 사후검사 점수를 비교해 본 결과 용서수준은 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 있었으며, 실험집단과 통제집단의 분노수준에서 사후검사 점수를 비교해 본 결과 분노수준은 통계적으로 유의미한 감소가 있었으나 실험집단과 통제집단의 공감능력에서 사후검사 점수를 비교해 본 결과 공감능력은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이에 용서상담 프로그램을 계속적으로 보완하여 학교 현장에서 활용하면서 용서 수준 향상, 분노 수준 감소, 공감 능력 향상의 효과성을 지속적으로 검증할 필요가 있다.


주제어 : 용서상담 프로그램, 용서, 분노, 공감능력

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ··················································· 1
• 2. 연구문제 ······································································ 4
• 3. 용어의 정의 ·································································· 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ··································································· 6
• 1. 용서에 관한 이론 ··························································· 6
• 2. 분노에 관한 이론 ························································· 15
• 3. 공감에 관한 이론 ························································· 19
• 4. 용서상담 프로그램 ······················································· 23
• 5. 용서상담과 분노 및 공감의 관계 ··································· 25
• Ⅲ. 연구 가설 ···································································· 31
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 ······································································ 32
• 1. 실험설계 ···································································· 32
• 2. 연구대상 ···································································· 32
• 3. 측정도구 ···································································· 34
• 4. 실험처치 및 절차 ························································ 37
• 5. 자료수집 및 분석 ······················································· 41
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 ······································································ 43
• 1. 용서상담 프로그램이 용서수준에 미치는 효과 ················· 43
• 2. 용서상담 프로그램이 분노수준에 미치는 효과 ················· 45
• 3. 용서상담 프로그램이 공감능력에 미치는 효과 ················· 47
• Ⅵ. 논의 및 결론 ································································ 49
• 1. 요약 ········································································· 49
• 2. 논의 ········································································· 50
• 3. 결론 및 제언 ····························································· 52
• 참고문헌 ············································································ 54
• ABSTRACT ······································································· 64
• 부록 ·················································································· 67