요양보호사 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능 향상과 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진 완화를 위한 에포트 모듈레이션(Efft Modulation) 기반 무용동작치료 프로그램 개발 및 효과성검증을 위한 혼합연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 에포트 모듈레이션(Effort Modulation) 기반 무용동작치료 프로그램 개발을 통해 요양보호사의 신체통찰력과 창조적 연결성, 감성지능을 향상시켜 직무 스트레스와 직무 소진을 완화하고 그 효과성을 검증하는데 있다.
연구 1에서는 요양보호사의 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능 향상과 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진 완화를 위한 에포트 모듈레이션 기반 무용동작치료 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 개발 절차 및 내용은 박인우(1995)의 6단계 프로그램 개발 모형을 적용하였으며 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능을 구성요소로 하였다. 요양보호사들이 신체에 대한 이해와 돌봄을 기반으로 스트레스 상황에서 자신의 신체를 조절하고 몸-마음과의 새로운 관계를 통해 자신과 외부환경과의 관계 맺기라는 프로그램의 목표를 구현하기 위해 에포트 모듈레이션 기법을 사용하였고, 각 단계의 효과적 구성을 위해 Blanche Evan과 Bartenieff의 기법을 사용하였다. 본 프로그램은 요양보호사의 특성과 요구를 반영하여 체계적 절차에 따라 개발하였고, 개발절차와 내용구성이 적절하고 타당하게 개발되었다.
연구 2에서는 본 프로그램의 양적인 효과성 검증을 하였다. 요양보호사를 실험집단과 무처치 통제집단으로 임의 할당하였고, 프로그램은 실험집단에 주 2회 2시간씩 4주간 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능, 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진 척도를 사용하였고 SPSSWIN 24.0을 사용하여 통계 분석하였다. 양적 연구를 통해 본 프로그램이 신체통찰력과 창조적 연결성, 감성지능을 향상시키고 직무 스트레스와 직무 소진을 완화하는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 감성지능의 하위요인인 감성조절과 직무 스트레스의 하위요인인 생리스트레스와 심리스트레스 변화에는 효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다.
연구 3에서는 포커스그룹인터뷰와 동작관찰분석을 통해 본 프로그램의 참여경험 및 변화 과정을 질적으로 탐색하였다. 프로그램 참여자중 6명을 목적 표집하여 포커스그룹인터뷰를 실시하였고, 동작관찰분석은 질적 분석 결과를 뒷받침할 수 있는 근거로 사용하였다. 포커스그룹인터뷰를 통해 살펴본 참여자들의 경험내용은 본 프로그램에 참여하기 전과 후로 나뉘며 6가지 범주와 14가지 하위범주로 구분할 수 있었다. 6가지 범주는 프로그램 참여 전에는 ‘스트레스로 인한 몸과 마음의 피로’, 프로그램 참여 후에는 ‘자기 몸에 대한 통찰력 증가’, ‘자기 마음에 대한 통찰력 증가’, ‘자기 생각과 신념의 변화’, ‘관계적 사고의 확장’, ‘사회적 연결감 확대’로 나타났다. 프로그램 참여 경험에 대한 질적 분석을 통해 양적 연구의 결과 나타난 효과에 대해 보다 심층적인 이해와 해석을 제공할 수 있었다. 질적 분석을 뒷받침하는 근거로서 동작관찰분석 결과, 참여자들
의 움직임에는 몸의 흐름(Flow), 몸통과 공간사용의 확장(Shape Flow Support, Large Kinesphere), 호흡(Breathing)과 신체 중심의 사용(Core-Distal), 외부와 시선 접촉(Indirect, Direct), 중심축(Vertical Plane), 수평축(Horizontal), 좌골의 중심이동(Weight Sensing) 사용의 변화가 확인되었다.
이 연구의 의의로는 첫째, 요양보호사들을 대상으로 직무 스트레스 및 직무소진에 대한 심층적인 요구분석을 통해 현장 적용 가능성이 높은 프로그램을 개발했다는 점이다. 두 번째, 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능을 주 구성요소로 한 에포트 모듈레이션 기반 무용동작치료 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하였으며, 마지막으로, 프로그램의 효과성에 대한 양적 분석에 더해 질적분석 및 동작관찰분석을 실시하는 혼합 방법론을 통해 프로그램의 참여 경험 및 변화과정에 대한 심층적인 이해를 도모했다는 점이다.
이 연구가 요양보호사를 포함한 감정노동자들의 몸-마음 건강을 위한 앞으로의 연구에서 의미있는 자료로 활용되고 특히 무용동작치료의 객관적 효과성 및 현장 적용성에 관한 연구의 활성화에 기여하기를 기대한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································································ 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ························································································ 1
• 2. 연구문제 ·················································································································· 5
• 3. 용어의 정의 ············································································································ 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ································································································ 10
• 1. 요양보호사 ············································································································ 10
• 1) 요양보호사의 개념 및 업무특성 ··································································· 10
• 2) 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스와 직무 소진과의 관계 ······························· 12
• 2. 신체통찰력 ············································································································ 15
• 1) 신체통찰력의 개념 ·························································································· 15
• 2) 신체통찰력과 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진과의 관계 ·································· 17
• 3. 창조적 연결성 ······································································································ 18
• 1) 창조적 연결성의 개념 ···················································································· 18
• 2) 창조적 연결성과 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진과의 관계 ···························· 20
• 4. 감성지능 ··············································································································· 21
• 1) 감성지능의 개념 ······························································································ 21
• 2) 감성지능과 직무 스트레스, 직무 소진과의 관계 ······································ 23
• 5. 직무 스트레스 ······································································································ 25
• 1) 직무 스트레스의 개념 ···················································································· 25
• 6. 직무 소진 ············································································································· 27
• 1) 직무 소진의 개념 ···························································································· 27
• 2) 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스와 직무 소진 완화를 위한 프로그램 선행
• 연구 ··················································································································· 29
• 7. 무용동작치료와 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능 ······························· 31
• 1) 무용동작치료와 신체통찰력, 창조적 연결성, 감성지능과의 관계 ········· 31
• 2) 에포트모듈레이션 기반 무용동작치료 ························································· 37
• Ⅲ. 연구1. 무용동작치료 프로그램 개발 ······················································ 54
• 1. 1단계 조사 ··········································································································· 55
• 2. 2단계 분석 ··········································································································· 62
• 3. 3단계 설계 ··········································································································· 68
• 4. 4단계 구안 ··········································································································· 71
• 5. 5단계 실시 ··········································································································· 81
• Ⅳ. 연구2. 프로그램 효과에 대한 양적 연구 ·············································· 91
• 1. 연구방법 ··············································································································· 92
• 2. 양적 분석 결과 ································································································· 100
• 3. 논의 ····················································································································· 127
• Ⅴ. 연구3. 프로그램 참여 경험에 대한 질적 연구 ·································· 136
• 1. 연구방법 ············································································································· 136
• 2. 질적 분석 결과 ································································································· 141
• 3. 논의 ····················································································································· 182
• Ⅵ. 종합논의 ···································································································· 190
• 1. 연구논의 ············································································································· 190
• 2. 연구의 의의 ······································································································· 199
• 3. 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구의 제언 ······························································ 201
• 참고문헌 ··········································································································· 203
• 부록 ··················································································································· 235
• Abstract ·········································································································· 253