박인환 문학 연구 : 현실주의 시편들을 중심으로 = A Study on Inhwan Park's Literature : Focused on the Realistic Poetry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to exhibit Inhwan Park’s realistic and existentialistic tendency in his early poetry. Inhwan Park was born in 1926 during Japanese rule of Korea when he became a leading member of literary coterie of Shinshiron which meant New Poetry Movement and Whobanki which meant the second half of the year, he acquired prominence in the literary circle. He admired the life and literature of Sang Lee and published “Dead Apollon” in DongA Ilbo newspaper and planned a tribute night of Sang Lee in his lifetime. He might have recognized his death, for he published his swan song “The Life and Death of Mr. Mo” just before his death, whose contents seemed to be his will.
After the restoration of independence, the Korean peninsula suffered social and political turmoil on account of conflict between democratic ideology and communist ideology. The Republic of Korea was established on the Southern part of the Korean peninsula and proclaimed its national policy of anti-communism. The ideology and national policy gave great influence on literature. These historical and social background are important in understanding Inhwan Park’s poetry.
Literature reflects human mind and the characteristics of a work of art can be affected according to the writer’s psychology when he or she is writing the work. The writer’s psychology cannot but get influenced by the environment where he lives. The writer is likely to be the subject of emotional self-expression, which is his confession.
When we criticise Inhwan Park’s literary works, we should take into account and focus on his historical and social background as well as his activity as a literary coterie. This paper examines the realism in his early works, the nihilism in his works around the Korean war, the conflict of cultures in the record of his America trip and the modernity in the works just before his death. The keyword in his early works is the imperialism, for he emphasized anti-imperialism, decolonization, sovereign independence. His literary tendency changed into nihilism and modernism after the Korean war.
This paper proves that the imperialism is a common factor in the literary works of Jeungsoon Park and Inhwan Park. Recently Japan continues to remark menacing statements on Dokdo island. We can think that they come from the imperialistic thought. This paper has a sub-aim to improve the author’s literary works’s quality by comparing the author’s poetical works with Inhwan Park’s poetry.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본　논문의 목적은　박인환 문학의 전기적　고찰을 통해　박인환 초기시에서　나타난　현실주의 및 실존주의적　경향을　드러내는 데 있다.　주지하다시피 박인환은 1926년　일제강점기에　태어났고, <신시론> 과 <후반기> 동인을 주도하면서　문단에　두각을　나타냈다. 박인환은　李箱의　삶과 문학을　동경했으며,　죽기　전 「죽은 아포롱」 을　동아일보에　발표했고,　이상을　기념하기　위한　‘추모(追慕)의　밤’을　또한 기획하였다. 그는　스스로　죽음을　예견한　듯 「미스터　모의　生과　死」라는, 흡사　유언과도　같은　작품을　발표한　뒤　생을　일찍　마감했다.
1945년　광복　직후, 한반도는　좌우 이념의　대립으로　정치적, 사회적으로　혼란스러웠다. 어떤 이데올로기를 선택하느냐에　따라　문학적　양상에　지대한　영향을　끼쳤다. 남한에서는　미군정을　거친　후에　정부가　수립되었고, 정부　수립 이후　반공　절대주의가　국시가 되었다. 반공　절대주의는　문학예술에　있어서도　영향을　미쳤다. 이런　역사·사회적 배경은　박인환　시를　이해하는 데　절대적으로　필요한 요소이다.　문학이　인간　정신의　반영이라면　작품의　특질은　작가를　둘러싼　‘환경’과　작가의 ‘의식구조’ 및　작품을　쓰는　순간의　‘심리’에　따라　달라질　수　있다. 작가는　정서적　자기　표현의　주체가　되기　쉬우며,　이러한　정서적　자기　표현이　작가의　진실한　자기　고백일　수　있다． 　
박인환이　남긴　몇　편의　문학적　단상　및　평소의　댄디스트로서의　표면적　형태가　그의　문학평가　참고자료는　될　수　있어도　박인환　문학의　절대　기준이　될　수　없다. 박인환　문학을　논의할　때, 문학사적인　배경과　시대적인　배경,　혹은　동인활동에　의한　평가　고찰이　중심을　이루는 이유이다.　본고에서는　박인환의　초기　작품에서　나타난　현실주의적 시편들, 전쟁체험 前과　後의　작품에서　나타난　허무주의, 문화충돌을　경험한　아메리카　여행기(旅行期), 그리고　모더니티의　특징을　드러낸　죽기　바로　전에　썼던　작품 등을　‘현실주의 시편들을 중심으로’라는　테두리　하에서　고찰하고자　한다. 초창기　박인환의　작품의 열쇠어는　‘제국주의’였다. ‘반제국주의’, ‘탈식민지’,　‘자주　독립’을　강조했던　박인환의　초기　작품의　성향은　한국전쟁을　겪으며　허무주의와　모더니티로　변화하였다. 본고에서는　또한 ‘연구자 박정순의　문학방향’과　‘박인환의　문학방향’과　관련한　시산기에서　우선적　공통점이　‘제국주의’임을　충분히 검토하려고 한다. 최근　독도에　대한　일본의　지속적인　위협적　발언　또한　‘제국주의적　발상’의　연장이다. 박인환의　시에　의거해,　본인의　창작시를　비교 분석하여　본인의　문학작품　수준을　향상시키려는 것 또한 본고의 목적이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 — 박인환의 문학방향 1
• 1. 연구 목적과 방향 1
• 2. 연구사 검토 2
• 3. 연구 대상과 방법 6
• Ⅱ. 박인환의 현실주의 시편들 — 박인환과 그의 시대 11
• 1. 초기시의 특징 11
• 1) 탈식민지화 경향 — ‘마리서사’를 중심으로 11
• 2) 현실주의 — 실용주의적 경향 15
• 2. 참혹한 전쟁의 경험 — 실존의 위기 31
• 3. 문명의 충돌 — 아메리카 방문 47
• 4. 아메리카 방문 後, 그리고 죽기 前까지 57
• Ⅲ. 박인환의 문학방향과 관련해서 64
• 1. 박정순의 창작시 64
• 2. 박인환 작품과 박정순 작품의 비교 82
• 1) 현실주의 시편 82
• 2) 이미지 시 85
• 3) 대화체 시 88
• 2) 기행시 91
• Ⅳ. 결론 100
• 참고문헌 103
• Abstract 106