Since the 1960s, Korean companies have experienced drastic growth from prioritizing the business based on a growth-oriented management philosophy. As a result, the chaebol, a unique business type of Korea, has greatly contributed to the quantitative g...
Since the 1960s, Korean companies have experienced drastic growth from prioritizing the business based on a growth-oriented management philosophy. As a result, the chaebol, a unique business type of Korea, has greatly contributed to the quantitative growth of the Korean economy. However, loan-based corporate management that aimed to expand the size of business resulted in financial problems, and many companies including DAEWOO, KIA and HANBO that had belonged to the chaebol at the time of foreign exchange crisis in Korea collapsed due to financial mishaps. In particular, the construction business that had experienced accelerated corporate restructuring since 1989 when the construction license market opened, lost its competitiveness in the face of the foreign exchange crisis, and numerous companies could not avoid bankruptcy.
Many previous studies analyzed and discussed the effects of ownership structure on corporate value and this paper specially aims to analyze ownership structure and the differences found in the management performance of Korean manufacturers after the foreign exchange crisis and compare the management performances of construction firms and manufacturers according to ownership structure based on the assumption that the "management performance between owner CEOs and professional CEOs will differ in the construction sector". Samples include 331 listed non-banking companies from the nine year period from 1998 after the so-called 'foreign currency crisis' through 2006. With regard to the selection of the variables to evaluate the ownership structure, corresponding variables of ownership structure included internal equity, foreigners' equity and institutional investors’ equity (including institutional investors and owners of 5% or more share value). MTB and ROA to the market value were used as the variables to evaluate the management performance, and the size of the company, sales performance, intensity of R&D and intensity of advertisement were used as control variables. In addition, affiliation with chaebol and whether the companies were involved in the construction business were added as dummy variables. All the variables were based on rates of change year-on-year, and multiple regression analysis, analysis of covariance and T analysis were implemented.
The results of the research are as follows:
Firstly, while the foreigners' equity among major shareholders' equity has a positive(+) effect on MTB, the internal equity and institutional investors’ equity have a negative(-) effect on MTB. And while the internal equity and foreigners' equity have a positive(+) effect on ROA, the institutional investors’ equity has a negative(-) effect on ROA.
Secondly, the performance of construction industry and manufacturing industry according to equity structure were not statistically meaningful.
Thirdly, among the dependent variables, while the MTB was higher with professional management than the business owner, the ROA did not show statistically meaningful difference between the professional management and the business owner.
Finally, despite the above research results, the study has a limit that the number of its samples is too small as the samples comprised mainly of listed construction companies.