블렌디드 러닝(Blended Learning)을 위한 대학 교수자의 교수역량 도출 = Identifying Teaching Competencies Blended Learning in University

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent years, as the effectiveness and efficiency on teaching are emphasized, many university suggest blended learning, reflecting their characters. However, as of now, the programs supported by instructional reinforcement are almost about using the system to run the blended learning, but it is hard to find the programs to improve their competencies. Therefore, this study aims to figure out what constitutes teaching competency. The teaching competency of the blended learning is extracted from literatures and delphi survey. Specifically, the competency in the teaching preparation consists of instruction design. The competency associated with teaching operation is crucial and necessary in the blended learning. It is made up of eight competencies such as their leadership, facilitation, communication, teaching presence, collective intelligence, digital literature, and creativity, fairness evaluationㆍpositive feedback. Lastly, the attitude of professors constitutes two kinds of abilities containing their respect for students and their passion, which are not directly related to teaching. That is, the total number of eleven competencies and thirty-two infrastructures is made from this process. Therefore, the teaching competency developed in this study offer the information about which parts of it should be strengthened by the instructors to successfully settle down the blended learning. Moreover, the result can allow the instructors to reflect on their teaching, and allow the teams of teaching support to provide proper educational programs according to their level of competencies.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 진성희, "초등 교수역량요소 도출 및 예비초등교사와 초등교사간 교수역량 인식 비교" 한국초등교육학회 22 (22): 343-368, 2009

2 이상수, "창의적 문제해결을 위한 블렌디드 수업모형 개발" 한국교육공학회 23 (23): 135-159, 2007

3 황은희, "중등교사의 실천적 교수역량에 대한 자기평가와 전문가평가의 비교 연구" 한국교육평가학회 21 (21): 53-74, 2008

4 노혜란, "인적자원개발을 위한 교수 역량(teaching competency) 모델 개발" 한국직업능력개발원 7 (7): 1-28, 2004

5 김세리, "이러닝 교수설계자의 기획 및 분석 역량 모델 개발 연구" 한국교육방법학회 23 (23): 77-106, 2011

6 Tapscott, D., "위키노믹스: 웹 2.0의 경제학" 21세기북스 2007

7 홍순정, "원격교육 교수자의 역량모델 규명" 한국교육정보미디어학회 10 (10): 81-112, 2004

8 조용개, "성공적인 수업을 위한 교수전략" 학지사 2009

9 주영주, "사이버대학에서 교수실재감, 인지적 실재감, 사회적 실재감과 학습성과와의 구조적 관계 규명" 한국정보교육학회 14 (14): 175-187, 2010

10 강명희, "사이버대학생이 인식하는 교수실재감, 학습실재감, 학습성과 간의 구조적 관계 규명" 한국교육정보미디어학회 17 (17): 153-176, 2011

11 안상란, "사이버대학 교수자의 교수역량 진단을 통한 교육요구도 탐색" 한국교육방법학회 27 (27): 375-400, 2015

12 한승연, "사이버대학 교수자의 교수역량 모델링" 한국교육방법학회 24 (24): 837-862, 2012

13 정종원, "블렌디드 창업교육 프로그램의 교수학습경험에 대한 사례연구" 한국교육방법학회 26 (26): 871-898, 2014

14 채경희, "블렌디드 일본어교육현장에서의 교수자의 역할" 한국일어교육학회 (32) : 227-239, 2015

15 박성익, "블렌디드 러닝에서 효과적 온/오프라인 학습에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 대학 강좌를 중심으로" 한국열린교육학회 15 (15): 17-45, 2007

16 이종성, "델파이 방법" 교육과학사 2001

17 김민성, "대학생이 인식하는 ‘배려하는 교수자’의 특성 및 유형 분석" 한국교육심리학회 25 (25): 61-86, 2011

18 송해덕, "대학교수의 경력별 직무역량 요구분석과 지원 방안" 교육연구소 14 (14): 149-179, 2013

19 임우섭, "대학 교수의 핵심 강의역량 분석" 한국교육행정학회 25 (25): 413-434, 2007

20 이지은, "대학 교수의 성공적인 수업에 대한 인식과 수업성찰" 한국교육방법학회 25 (25): 127-146, 2013

21 김희곤, "다원적 군 교수자 교수역량이 학습자의 교육성과에 미치는 영향 : 교육훈련 만족도의 매개효과 검증을 중심으로" 영남대학교 대학원 2014

22 정현미, "국내 e-러닝 개발과정과 모형개발요구 탐색" 한국교육공학회 24 (24): 85-124, 2008

23 정인호, "교수역량강화를 위한 교수 직급별 교육요구도 분석" 한국인적자원개발전략연구소 7 (7): 1-22, 2012

24 양은하, "교수역량 증진을 위한 변화필요도분석" 한국교육공학회 26 (26): 25-52, 2010

25 변호승, "교수공학자의 수행역량분석" 17 (17): 57-79, 2001

26 이현영, "공과대학 교수역량(Teaching Competency) 진단도구 개발연구" 한국교육공학회 28 (28): 439-469, 2012

27 이건남, "고등학생의 대학전공선택 프로그램 모형 개발" 서울대학교 대학원 2008

28 Hu, C., "Validating teaching competencies in hospitality education : Faculty members' perspective" 9 (9): 39-46, 1997

29 Braun, V., "Using thematic analysis in psychology" 3 (3): 77-101, 2006

30 Kember, D., "Understanding the ways in which design features of educational websites impact upon student learning outcomes in blended learning environments" 55 (55): 1183-1192, 2010

31 Akyol, Z., "Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches to learning" 42 (42): 223-250, 2011

32 Bonk, C. J., "The handbook of blended learning : Global perspectives, local designs" Pfeiffer 2012

33 Tigelaar, D. E., "The development and validation of a framework for teaching competencies in higher education" 48 (48): 253-268, 2004

34 Bersin, J., "The blended learning book : Best practices, proven methodologies, and lessons learned" Pfeiffer 2004

35 Vaughan, N. D., "Teaching in blended learning environments: Creating and sustaining communities of inquiry" Athabasca University Press 2013

36 Biggs, J. B., "Teaching for quality learning at university : What the student does" McGraw-Hill Education(UK) 2011

37 Owston, R., "Student perceptions and achievement in a university blended learning strategic initiative" 18 : 38-46, 2013

38 Denis, B., "Roles and competencies of the e-tutor" 2014

39 Tsai, C. W., "Research trends in self‐regulated learning research in online learning environments: A review of studies published in selected journals from 2003 to 2012" 44 (44): 107-110, 2013

40 Kunter, M., "Professional competence of teachers: Effects on instructional quality and student development" 105 (105): 805-820, 2013

41 Dabbagh, N., "Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning : A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning" 15 (15): 3-8, 2012

42 Lim, D. H., "Online vs. blended learning : Differences in instructional outcomes and learner satisfaction" 11 (11): 38-50, 2007

43 Kitsantas, A., "Learning to learn with integrative learning technologies (ILT): A practical guide for academic success" IAP 2009

44 Kuo, Y. C., "Interaction, internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses" 20 : 35-50, 2014

45 Pollard, H., "Instructor social presence within the community of inquiry framework and its impact on classroom community and the learning environment" 17 (17): 41-52, 2014

46 ISTE, "ISTE standards coaches"

47 엄미리, "IPA를 활용한 국내 e-learning 교수설계자의 역량분석" 한국인적자원관리학회 15 (15): 89-107, 2008

48 Archibald, D., "Fostering the development of cognitive presence : Initial findings using the community of inquiry survey instrument" 13 (13): 73-74, 2010

49 Brühwiler, C., "Effects of class size and adaptive teaching competency on classroom processes and academic outcome" 21 (21): 95-108, 2011

50 Moore, M. G., "Distance education: A systems view of online learning" Cengage Learning 2011

51 Graham, C. R., "Developing models and theory for blended learning research" 2 : 13-33, 2013

52 Yeh, Y. F., "Developing and validating technological pedagogical content knowledge‐practical(TPACK‐practical)through the Delphi survey technique" 45 (45): 707-722, 2014

53 Gedik, N., "Design of a blended learning environment : Considerations and implementation issues" 29 (29): 1-19, 2013

54 Duarte, F. P., "Conceptions of good teaching by good teachers : Case studies from an australian university" 10 (10): 1-15, 2013

55 Porter, W. W., "Blended learning in higher education : Institutional adoption and implementation" 75 : 185-195, 2014

56 Riordan, E., "Blended learning in english language teaching: Course design and implementation" British Council 2013

57 Picciano, A. G., "Blended learning : Research perspectives(Vol. 2)" Routledge 2013

58 Draffan, E. A., "Approaches to Developing Accessible Learning Experiences: Conceptualising Best Practice" Routledge 2013

59 Lawshe, C. H., "A quantitative approach to content validity" 28 (28): 563-575, 1975

60 Kerres, M., "A didactical framework for the design of blended learning arrangements" 28 (28): 101-113, 2003

61 Jill, B., "A competency framework for effective teaching" Murdoch University 1997